304、316系列奧氏(shi)體不銹鋼(gang)常用于制造與人們生活密切相關的不銹(xiu)鋼餐廚具,如制造大型廚房設備、家電、刀具、餐具、洗碗機、豆漿機、微波爐、熱水器、烤爐、水槽、冰箱、水杯等產品。
304不銹(xiu)鋼在廚房行業廣泛應用,其優異的成型性能使水槽的多樣化設計成為可能。與早期的陶瓷水槽相比,不銹鋼雙槽、一體排水槽等都極為便利,而且比塑料復合材料更耐熱和耐損傷,能夠經受住最有腐蝕性食物的腐蝕和多年的粗糙清洗,因而得到廣泛使用。它也補充了操作臺面的顏色或設計,因此不銹鋼現已成為商業和家庭炊具的主要材料。尤其是304型號的不銹鋼大量地替換了諸如瓷磚、鋁和塑料復合板等材料,因為它們抗熱、不易損壞,并能保持清潔,如圖B.1所示。
304不銹鋼在食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)行業使用(yong)(yong),雖然通常食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)成品(pin)(pin)(pin)酸(suan)(suan)堿(jian)度適中(zhong),但在整個生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程中(zhong),可(ke)能(neng)存(cun)在強酸(suan)(suan)強堿(jian)環境。部(bu)分(fen)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)成品(pin)(pin)(pin)中(zhong),含(han)(han)較多的(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鹽(yan)(yan)成分(fen),或(huo)在加工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中(zhong)要(yao)接觸到食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鹽(yan)(yan)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)。為了除(chu)去果(guo)蔬(shu)上的(de)殘留農(nong)藥,可(ke)能(neng)要(yao)用(yong)(yong)稀鹽(yan)(yan)酸(suan)(suan)浸(jin)泡。果(guo)蔬(shu)化(hua)學去皮法(fa)用(yong)(yong)氫(qing)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)鈉(na)或(huo)氫(qing)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)鉀,且要(yao)用(yong)(yong)鹽(yan)(yan)酸(suan)(suan)中(zhong)和(he)。柑桔去囊農(nong)時(shi),用(yong)(yong)到燒(shao)堿(jian)、鹽(yan)(yan)酸(suan)(suan)、硫酸(suan)(suan)等(deng)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye);鹽(yan)(yan)酸(suan)(suan)濃度達10%,溫(wen)度達80℃。硫酸(suan)(suan)濃度用(yong)(yong)到15%,溫(wen)度達80℃。水(shui)果(guo)凍前加二(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)硫等(deng)添(tian)加劑,以(yi)延緩氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)作用(yong)(yong)。果(guo)蔬(shu)抽空排(pai)氣時(shi)放(fang)入食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鹽(yan)(yan)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)。青(qing)豆(dou)用(yong)(yong)鹽(yan)(yan)水(shui)進行浮選。罐(guan)頭食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)中(zhong)用(yong)(yong)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鹽(yan)(yan)作添(tian)加劑。醬及(ji)醬油食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)中(zhong)含(han)(han)有(you)大(da)量(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鹽(yan)(yan)成分(fen)。腌(a)制(zhi)(zhi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)時(shi)腌(a)制(zhi)(zhi)劑有(you)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鹽(yan)(yan)、硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)鈉(na)、亞硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)鈉(na)、磷酸(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)(yan)等(deng)。因此,根據不同品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)及(ji)不同生(sheng)產(chan)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi),選用(yong)(yong)合適的(de)不銹鋼材料及(ji)加工(gong)(gong)方法(fa)是(shi)非常必要(yao)的(de),稍有(you)疏忽(hu),機(ji)械設備在使用(yong)(yong)過(guo)程中(zhong)就有(you)銹蝕的(de)危險。不銹鋼在食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)加工(gong)(gong)與餐廚具(ju)應用(yong)(yong)與對應設備選擇(ze)如表B.1所示。