1. 制(zhi)定標準的意義(yi)
GB/T 34107-2017為首次(ci)制定(ding)，主編單(dan)(dan)位為江(jiang)蘇銀環精密鋼(gang)管(guan)有(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)，參(can)加起草(cao)單(dan)(dan)位有(you)(you)江(jiang)蘇武進不(bu)銹(xiu)股份(fen)有(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)、中國鐵道科學研(yan)究(jiu)院(yuan)標準(zhun)計量研(yan)究(jiu)所、上(shang)海奉(feng)賢鋼(gang)管(guan)廠有(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)、山西太鋼(gang)不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)鋼(gang)管(guan)有(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)、中車(che)株洲電力機車(che)有(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)、中車(che)大連(lian)機車(che)車(che)輛(liang)有(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)、中車(che)青島四方機車(che)車(che)輛(liang)股份(fen)有(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)、冶金工(gong)業信(xin)息標準(zhun)研(yan)究(jiu)院(yuan)。
制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)是(shi)保障(zhang)軌(gui)道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)車(che)輛(liang)安全營運(yun)的(de)關(guan)鍵設(she)備(bei)。制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力源為(wei)壓縮空氣或(huo)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)液，精(jing)密不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)無縫鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)用來輸送壓縮空氣或(huo)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)液，實現制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)作用的(de)載(zai)體。制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)對(dui)精(jing)密不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)無縫鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)要(yao)(yao)求非(fei)常(chang)嚴格，其質量直接(jie)(jie)影響(xiang)車(che)輛(liang)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)性(xing)能。制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)各種(zhong)閥類(lei)零件對(dui)精(jing)密不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)無縫鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)表面的(de)清潔度要(yao)(yao)求非(fei)常(chang)高，不(bu)(bu)允許內(nei)表面存(cun)在(zai)(zai)異物(wu)、氧化皮(pi)脫落、銹(xiu)蝕(shi)等(deng)(deng)缺(que)陷存(cun)在(zai)(zai)。否則會造(zao)成閥部(bu)(bu)件堵塞，動(dong)(dong)(dong)作失靈，造(zao)成制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)故障(zhang)，從(cong)而危及(ji)行(xing)車(che)安全。軌(gui)道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)車(che)輛(liang)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)用不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)無縫鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)每臺(tai)／節機(ji)車(che)車(che)輛(liang)大(da)致使(shi)用300公斤左右。鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)軌(gui)道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)車(che)輛(liang)組裝過(guo)程中(zhong)，通(tong)(tong)常(chang)會進行(xing)彎(wan)制(zhi)(zhi)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)、預裝卡套、加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)螺紋、焊接(jie)(jie)、機(ji)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)等(deng)(deng)工(gong)(gong)藝過(guo)程。在(zai)(zai)經(jing)過(guo)這(zhe)些工(gong)(gong)業(ye)過(guo)程之后(hou)，鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)不(bu)(bu)應開裂(lie)、起(qi)皺，或(huo)有超過(guo)工(gong)(gong)藝規定的(de)缺(que)陷存(cun)在(zai)(zai)。軌(gui)道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)車(che)輛(liang)運(yun)行(xing)環(huan)境(jing)復雜(za)，接(jie)(jie)觸風、霜(shuang)、雨、雪、粉(fen)塵(chen)、煤塵(chen)、紫外線等(deng)(deng)；還能夠遇到(dao)弱酸、弱堿等(deng)(deng)工(gong)(gong)況。目前，鐵路機(ji)車(che)車(che)輛(liang)運(yun)行(xing)的(de)線路越來越長(chang)（例如(ru)從(cong)哈(ha)爾(er)濱到(dao)廣州），氣候變(bian)化劇烈，對(dui)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)耐候性(xing)能提出了更高要(yao)(yao)求。軌(gui)道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)車(che)輛(liang)在(zai)(zai)日(ri)常(chang)的(de)保養(yang)過(guo)程中(zhong)，制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)路可能會直接(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)觸工(gong)(gong)業(ye)清洗劑(ji)。這(zhe)些都對(dui)機(ji)車(che)車(che)輛(liang)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)用鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)抗腐蝕(shi)、強(qiang)度等(deng)(deng)性(xing)能提出了很高的(de)要(yao)(yao)求。
本標準制定前，軌道交通車輛制動系統用精密不銹鋼無縫鋼管沒有統一的國家標準，用戶訂貨基本上都引用了歐盟或德國的標準。本標準的制定，有利于高端裝備制造用原材料的國產化。該標準適用于軌道交通車輛（機車、動車組、城軌車輛、客貨運車輛等）空氣或液壓制動系統用精密奧氏體不銹鋼無縫鋼管。
2. 主要技術內容
鋼管外徑尺寸范圍為6～48.3mm，壁厚為1.0～4.0mm。外徑范圍6～30mm的允許偏差為±0.08mm；壁厚范圍＞1.5～2.5mm的允許偏差為±0.15mm。鋼的牌號包括06Cr19Ni10、022Cr19Ni10、06Cr17Ni12Mo2、022Cr17Ni12Mo2、06Cr17Ni12Mo2Ti、06Cr18Ni11Ti等6個牌號。鋼管采用冷拔（軋）無縫方法制造，以光亮固溶處理狀態交貨。力學性能要求包括拉伸和硬度。鋼管應進行液壓、壓扁、彎曲、擴口、晶間腐蝕和無損等檢驗。鋼管的內外表面應清潔、光亮、色澤均勻，無氧化皮等異物，表面粗糙度Ra應不大于3.2μm。采用不低于0.8MPa的干燥潔凈壓縮空氣逐根吹掃鋼管內表面，不應吹出任何肉眼可見的固態或液態雜物。鋼管使用木箱包裝，防護應符合鐵路標準TB/T 3218的規定，并采用外套式管帽。鋼管采用噴標方式每隔2米重復標識。鋼管的并應采用防水防潮的箱式包裝。
3. 國內(nei)外(wai)標準(zhun)對比及標準(zhun)水平
和《壓力(li)用(yong)途的(de)無(wu)縫鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)交貨技術條件第5部分(fen)(fen)不銹鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)》（EN 10216-5）、《精密用(yong)途的(de)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)交貨技術條件第1部分(fen)(fen)無(wu)縫冷(leng)拔管(guan)》（EN10305-1）等(deng)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)相(xiang)比(bi)，本標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)在尺寸允許偏(pian)差、表面(mian)質量、化學成分(fen)(fen)、工藝性(xing)能、無(wu)損檢測、包裝等(deng)方面(mian)的(de)要求更(geng)加明確、具體(ti)和嚴格(ge)。本標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)為國際先(xian)進水(shui)平。
