1. 制定標準的意義(yi)
GB/T 34107-2017為首次制(zhi)定，主(zhu)編(bian)單位(wei)為江蘇(su)(su)銀(yin)環(huan)精密(mi)鋼(gang)管有(you)限(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)，參(can)加(jia)起草單位(wei)有(you)江蘇(su)(su)武進(jin)不銹股(gu)(gu)份有(you)限(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)、中國鐵道科(ke)學研究院標準計(ji)量研究所、上海奉(feng)賢鋼(gang)管廠有(you)限(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)、山西太(tai)鋼(gang)不銹鋼(gang)鋼(gang)管有(you)限(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)、中車(che)(che)株(zhu)洲(zhou)電力機車(che)(che)有(you)限(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)、中車(che)(che)大(da)連機車(che)(che)車(che)(che)輛(liang)有(you)限(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)、中車(che)(che)青(qing)島(dao)四方(fang)機車(che)(che)車(che)(che)輛(liang)股(gu)(gu)份有(you)限(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)、冶金工業(ye)信息標準研究院。
制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是保障軌道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)車(che)輛(liang)(liang)(liang)安全營(ying)運(yun)的關鍵設備。制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)源為壓(ya)縮空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)或制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)液，精(jing)(jing)密不(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)無縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)是用(yong)來(lai)輸(shu)送壓(ya)縮空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)或制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)液，實現制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)用(yong)的載體。制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)對精(jing)(jing)密不(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)無縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)的要(yao)求(qiu)非常(chang)嚴格，其質量直接(jie)(jie)(jie)影(ying)響(xiang)車(che)輛(liang)(liang)(liang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的性能。制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的各種(zhong)閥類(lei)零件(jian)對精(jing)(jing)密不(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)無縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)內(nei)(nei)表(biao)面的清潔(jie)度要(yao)求(qiu)非常(chang)高，不(bu)允許內(nei)(nei)表(biao)面存(cun)在(zai)異物、氧化(hua)皮脫落、銹蝕等缺陷(xian)存(cun)在(zai)。否則會(hui)造(zao)成閥部件(jian)堵塞，動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)失靈，造(zao)成制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)故障，從(cong)而危及行(xing)(xing)車(che)安全。軌道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)車(che)輛(liang)(liang)(liang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)用(yong)不(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)無縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)每臺／節機車(che)車(che)輛(liang)(liang)(liang)大致使(shi)用(yong)300公斤(jin)左(zuo)右。鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)在(zai)軌道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)車(che)輛(liang)(liang)(liang)組裝(zhuang)過(guo)(guo)程中，通(tong)(tong)常(chang)會(hui)進行(xing)(xing)彎制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)、預裝(zhuang)卡套、加(jia)工(gong)(gong)管(guan)螺紋、焊接(jie)(jie)(jie)、機加(jia)工(gong)(gong)等工(gong)(gong)藝過(guo)(guo)程。在(zai)經過(guo)(guo)這些工(gong)(gong)業過(guo)(guo)程之后(hou)，鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)不(bu)應開裂、起皺，或有超過(guo)(guo)工(gong)(gong)藝規定(ding)的缺陷(xian)存(cun)在(zai)。軌道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)車(che)輛(liang)(liang)(liang)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)環境復雜，接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)風、霜、雨(yu)、雪、粉(fen)塵、煤塵、紫(zi)外(wai)線(xian)等；還能夠遇到弱酸、弱堿等工(gong)(gong)況。目前，鐵路機車(che)車(che)輛(liang)(liang)(liang)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)的線(xian)路越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)長(chang)（例如從(cong)哈(ha)爾濱到廣州），氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候變化(hua)劇烈(lie)，對制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)的耐候性能提(ti)出了(le)更高要(yao)求(qiu)。軌道(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)車(che)輛(liang)(liang)(liang)在(zai)日常(chang)的保養過(guo)(guo)程中，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)部分(fen)管(guan)路可能會(hui)直接(jie)(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)工(gong)(gong)業清洗劑(ji)。這些都對機車(che)車(che)輛(liang)(liang)(liang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)用(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)的抗腐蝕、強度等性能提(ti)出了(le)很高的要(yao)求(qiu)。
本標準制定前，軌道交通車輛制動系統用精密不銹(xiu)鋼無縫鋼管沒有統一的國家標準，用戶訂貨基本上都引用了歐盟或德國的標準。本標準的制定，有利于高端裝備制造用原材料的國產化。該標準適用于軌道交通車輛（機車、動車組、城軌車輛、客貨運車輛等）空氣或液壓制動系統用精密奧氏體不銹鋼無縫鋼管。
2. 主要技(ji)術內容(rong)
鋼管外徑尺寸范圍為6～48.3mm，壁厚為1.0～4.0mm。外徑范圍6～30mm的允許偏差為±0.08mm；壁厚范圍＞1.5～2.5mm的允許偏差為±0.15mm。鋼的牌號包括06Cr19Ni10、022Cr19Ni10、06Cr17Ni12Mo2、022Cr17Ni12Mo2、06Cr17Ni12Mo2Ti、06Cr18Ni11Ti等6個牌號。鋼管采用冷拔（軋）無縫方法制造，以光亮固溶處理狀態交貨。力學性能要求包括拉伸和硬度。鋼管應進行液壓、壓扁、彎曲、擴口、晶間腐蝕和無損等檢驗。鋼管的內外表面應清潔、光亮、色澤均勻，無氧化皮等異物，表面粗糙度Ra應不大于3.2μm。采用不低于0.8MPa的干燥潔凈壓縮空氣逐根吹掃鋼管內表面，不應吹出任何肉眼可見的固態或液態雜物。鋼管使用木箱包裝，防護應符合鐵路標準TB/T 3218的規定，并采用外套式管帽。鋼管采用噴標方式每隔2米重復標識。鋼管的并應采用防水防潮的箱式包裝。
3. 國(guo)內外標準對比及(ji)標準水平
和《壓力用(yong)途(tu)的(de)無(wu)縫鋼管交貨技術條(tiao)件(jian)第5部分不銹鋼管》（EN 10216-5）、《精(jing)密用(yong)途(tu)的(de)鋼管交貨技術條(tiao)件(jian)第1部分無(wu)縫冷(leng)拔管》（EN10305-1）等標(biao)準(zhun)相比，本標(biao)準(zhun)在尺寸允(yun)許偏差(cha)、表面(mian)質量(liang)、化學成分、工藝(yi)性能、無(wu)損(sun)檢測(ce)、包裝等方面(mian)的(de)要求(qiu)更加明確(que)、具體(ti)和嚴格(ge)。本標(biao)準(zhun)為(wei)國際先進水平。
