不銹鋼化學著色(se)配(pei)方 20 (見表8-9) ，本配方由沈陽工業學(xue)院金光(guang)、張學(xue)萍、畢監智于2004年(nian)提出。
他們通過正交試驗研究了不銹鋼(gang)著色液配方、溫度、時間、電極電位對著色的影響，優化著色工藝，獲得電極電位與顏色的良好對應關系，測試了著色膜的耐磨性，耐蝕性、變形加工性能，分析添加劑對不銹鋼著色的影響。所得膜層顏色均勻，耐磨性、耐蝕性、變形加工性能良好，工藝維護簡單。
1. 實驗工藝(yi)流程(cheng)
304不銹鋼(鏡面光亮8K)→清洗→堿性除油→水洗→酸活化→著色→硬化（鉻酐250g/L,濃硫酸1.4mL/L,DK0.5~1.0A/d㎡,溫度45~55℃,時間10~15min)→水洗→封閉（Na2SiO3 10g/L,溫度沸騰，時間10~15min)→水洗→干燥。
2. 實驗結果
①. 溫度
50℃時加入較多添加劑，反(fan)應速率平(ping)穩，著色(se)膜色(se)澤均(jun)勻，鮮艷度(du)好(hao)。
60℃時(shi)添(tian)加劑含(han)量對結果影響不(bu)大，膜層質量好(hao)。
100℃時溫(wen)度高，使反(fan)應速率過快，著色膜色澤不均勻，不易(yi)控(kong)制(zhi)。
②. 表面膜(mo)的電極(ji)電位(wei)與顏色(se)的對應關系
著色(se)(se)(se)時(shi)(shi)，開始電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)很高，而后迅速下降，之(zhi)后逐(zhu)步上(shang)升，到(dao)達(da)一(yi)個(ge)高點(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)后再下降。這個(ge)高點(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)為(wei)著上(shang)顏色(se)(se)(se)的(de)起始電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。圖8-22為(wei)不銹鋼片(pian)對鉑片(pian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)與時(shi)(shi)間的(de)關系曲(qu)線。著色(se)(se)(se)時(shi)(shi)，每隔1min用(yong)數字萬用(yong)表記錄下不銹鋼片(pian)對鉑片(pian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，著色(se)(se)(se)時(shi)(shi)間5min,199mV,變成(cheng)黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)189mV,變成(cheng)藍色(se)(se)(se)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)187mV,變成(cheng)黃(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)(se)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)185mV,變成(cheng)金黃(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)(se)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)183mV,所以，黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)差(cha)(cha)是(shi)(shi)(shi)10mV,藍色(se)(se)(se)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)差(cha)(cha)是(shi)(shi)(shi)12mV,黃(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)(se)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)差(cha)(cha)是(shi)(shi)(shi)14mV,金黃(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)(se)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)差(cha)(cha)是(shi)(shi)(shi)16mV。
③. 前處理對著色的影響
化學(xue)除油(you)時(shi)，著色面應充(chong)分(fen)被水(shui)所(suo)潤濕，否則結合力欠佳或(huo)發花(hua)，甚至著不上色。
活(huo)化(hua)(hua)是為(wei)了(le)消(xiao)除不銹鋼表面(mian)(mian)的鈍化(hua)(hua)膜，獲(huo)得新鮮表面(mian)(mian)。活(huo)化(hua)(hua)不足，著(zhu)色的起始電(dian)位保持時間長，顏色不容易(yi)控制，活(huo)化(hua)(hua)過度則使著(zhu)色膜暗淡無光。
④. 后處理的影(ying)響
著色膜形(xing)成后存在大量微細孔，腹層疏松不牢固，易磨損，必須硬化處理。硬化處理后防止表(biao)面被污染(ran)，需封(feng)閉處理。封(feng)閉煮沸時(shi)間以15~20min為佳。時(shi)間過短，耐磨性不佳，過長形(xing)成色斑(ban)，顏色深度下降。
⑤. 添(tian)加(jia)劑的影響
適當加(jia)入少量鉬(mu)酸銨有(you)利于封閉后著(zhu)色(se)膜的耐磨性提高，會加(jia)速著(zhu)色(se)膜中(zhong)微孔(kong)的充填效果(guo)。碳酸鹽和(he)硫酸鹽加(jia)快著(zhu)色(se)速率。
⑥. 攪拌的(de)影響
攪拌著色(se)液的(de)著色(se)膜(mo)色(se)彩均勻性明顯優于不攪拌的(de)著色(se)液。
3. 著色膜(mo)層性能實驗(yan)
①. 耐蝕性
著色試(shi)片放入20%硫酸中，48小時未(wei)發生腐蝕。未(wei)著色試(shi)片很(hen)快(kuai)被腐蝕。
②. 耐磨性
用橡皮(pi)反復擦拭著色面300次，沒(mei)有發(fa)現起皮(pi)現象(xiang)，說明耐(nai)磨(mo)性(xing)很好。
③. 加(jia)工性(xing)能
彎曲180°,著色膜沒(mei)有(you)脫落。說明具有(you)良好的機械(xie)加工性能。
