直縫高頻焊接不銹鋼管由于其管徑小、投資較少，是在我國首先發展的焊接(jie)不銹鋼管。也是關系國計民生的重要產品，經過了多年的發展，我國在小口徑（Φ325mm以下）直縫高頻焊管方面無論從產量到品種規格，都能夠滿足我國各行業用管需求。鋼管制造機組制造能力也完全滿足了鋼管制造企業的需求。20世紀90年代末隨著經濟的發展，我國對中口徑焊管的需求不斷增加，鑒于當時的制造能力我國從國外引進了中口徑直縫高頻焊管生產線，特別是2000年前后引進了不同國家和技術類型的多條生產線，成型機組的主要特點如表7-9所示。


表 9.jpg


  從成(cheng)(cheng)型技術主要有以(yi)SMS／MEER為代表(biao)(biao)的(de)線(xian)(xian)性成(cheng)(cheng)型中(zhong)心(xin)恒定形(xing)式(shi)，以(yi)NAKATA（日本）為代表(biao)(biao)的(de)柔(rou)性輥式(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)型（FFX，Flexible Forming Excellent）形(xing)式(shi)以(yi)及帶鋼(gang)底面(mian)定位(wei)等其他形(xing)式(shi)。但趨勢還是(shi)(shi)向(xiang)著減少工具輥、提(ti)高(gao)(gao)換道速度和(he)自動(dong)化控制程度發展。國(guo)內(nei)中(zhong)口徑直縫(feng)(feng)高(gao)(gao)頻焊接(jie)不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)設(she)備的(de)制造能力也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)通過引進、消化吸收在不斷提(ti)高(gao)(gao)，特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)隨著我國(guo)制管(guan)(guan)業需求的(de)推(tui)動(dong)和(he)國(guo)內(nei)機械(xie)制造能力的(de)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)，國(guo)內(nei)設(she)備制造廠(chang)在中(zhong)口徑直縫(feng)(feng)高(gao)(gao)頻焊管(guan)(guan)成(cheng)(cheng)型設(she)備的(de)制造能力方面(mian)也(ye)(ye)有了長足進步，已(yi)有多條生產線(xian)(xian)是(shi)(shi)采用(yong)國(guo)產成(cheng)(cheng)型機建設(she)的(de)，而(er)且鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)成(cheng)(cheng)型質量也(ye)(ye)能夠(gou)滿(man)足高(gao)(gao)精度焊管(guan)(guan)的(de)要求。


  我國(guo)的HFW不銹鋼焊(han)管(guan)生(sheng)產(chan)線(xian)不管(guan)是小口徑(jing)還是中(zhong)口徑(jing)一開始基(ji)(ji)本都是全(quan)(quan)套(tao)引進的，后期(qi)逐(zhu)步國(guo)產(chan)化制造(zao)。中(zhong)口徑(jing)直縫(feng)高頻(pin)焊(han)管(guan)設(she)備(bei)(bei)初期(qi)幾乎都是全(quan)(quan)套(tao)引進的，后期(qi)基(ji)(ji)本采用主機引進，其他設(she)備(bei)(bei)國(guo)內配套(tao)的方式。我國(guo)目前(qian)在(zai)中(zhong)口徑(jing)直縫(feng)高頻(pin)焊(han)管(guan)機組的成(cheng)型前(qian)準備(bei)(bei)設(she)備(bei)(bei)、焊(han)接(jie)后的飛鋸(ju)以及(ji)精整區的水壓試驗(yan)機、平(ping)頭機等都已具備(bei)(bei)了較強(qiang)的配套(tao)生(sheng)產(chan)能力。基(ji)(ji)本形成(cheng)了整線(xian)的加工供(gong)貨能力。


 從中(zhong)口徑直縫高頻(pin)焊(han)(han)接(jie)不銹鋼管(guan)生(sheng)產(chan)線(xian)整線(xian)來看，我國(guo)(guo)在中(zhong)、高頻(pin)電源設備(bei)(bei)和(he)無損檢(jian)(jian)測設備(bei)(bei)方面與國(guo)(guo)外相比還有(you)(you)一定的(de)(de)差(cha)距。比較有(you)(you)代(dai)表(biao)性(xing)的(de)(de)是(shi)挪威(wei)EFD公司和(he)美國(guo)(guo)THERMATOOL的(de)(de)感應加熱(re)電源。在焊(han)(han)接(jie)電源運行的(de)(de)可靠性(xing)、功率(lv)控制(zhi)精(jing)度以及效率(lv)上國(guo)(guo)產(chan)電源還有(you)(you)一定差(cha)距。國(guo)(guo)內主力的(de)(de)中(zhong)口徑直縫高頻(pin)焊(han)(han)管(guan)生(sheng)產(chan)線(xian)主要還是(shi)配置的(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)口焊(han)(han)接(jie)和(he)熱(re)處理設備(bei)(bei)。無損檢(jian)(jian)測也多是(shi)配備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)口設備(bei)(bei)。


  從HFW鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)發(fa)展看，早(zao)期主要是(shi)應用(yong)(yong)一些(xie)民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)方面，主要是(shi)自行車、家具、建筑(zhu)用(yong)(yong)的(de)小口(kou)徑水、煤氣管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道等，20世紀90年(nian)代后逐(zhu)步開(kai)始應用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)長輸管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道，這期間國(guo)內(nei)從歐洲、美國(guo)和日本引(yin)進(jin)了(le)多條(tiao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)線，但由(you)于(yu)(yu)當時用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)該鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)帶鋼質量水平和鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)質量控制水平限制，在長輸管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道應用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)曾出現過一些(xie)問題(ti)。而且，2000年(nian)后飛(fei)速發(fa)展的(de)直縫埋弧焊管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，對中(zhong)(zhong)口(kou)徑（φ406～660mm）HFW焊管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)市場也造成(cheng)了(le)一定(ding)沖擊。為此，一些(xie)HFW焊接不(bu)銹鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)廠(chang)家也注意到這些(xie)問題(ti)，投入(ru)大量精力進(jin)行HFW焊管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)質量改進(jin)和控制，HFW焊管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)質量有(you)了(le)質的(de)變化。近幾年(nian)在長輸管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道又有(you)大量的(de)HFW焊管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)投入(ru)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，尤其是(shi)原油和成(cheng)品油管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道。


  寶鋼(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)φ610mm HFW 機組通過不斷的(de)(de)技術研(yan)究和(he)改進(jin)(jin)，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)從(cong)煉鋼(gang)(gang)、熱(re)軋鋼(gang)(gang)卷到高頻(pin)焊管(guan)(guan)全(quan)過程(cheng)質量一貫制管(guan)(guan)理(li)。同時，改進(jin)(jin)了(le)全(quan)板(ban)超聲波探傷設備，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)均勻剛性（URD）成型和(he)定(ding)(ding)徑(jing)機架，使成型過程(cheng)充分(fen)、穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)，成品(pin)尺(chi)寸精度優良(liang)。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)最大(da)(da)功率為(wei)1800kW的(de)(de)大(da)(da)功率高頻(pin)焊接(jie)技術，滿足高品(pin)質、厚(hou)(hou)壁(bi)(bi)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)焊接(jie)質量要(yao)求(qiu)。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)2x2400kW配置的(de)(de)二組在(zai)線焊縫(feng)(feng)熱(re)處理(li)裝置，可實現焊縫(feng)(feng)在(zai)線N、Q+NQ+T等工藝的(de)(de)熱(re)處理(li)，滿足厚(hou)(hou)壁(bi)(bi)、強韌性等方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。為(wei)多(duo)個(ge)管(guan)(guan)道輸送項(xiang)目(mu)提供(gong)了(le)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)，也(ye)取得了(le)良(liang)好的(de)(de)經(jing)營績效。


  除了(le)(le)在提(ti)(ti)高HFW不銹鋼(gang)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)品(pin)質方(fang)面(mian)，我(wo)國的(de)(de)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)制造企業還在其他方(fang)面(mian)進行了(le)(le)大量(liang)的(de)(de)技(ji)術研發和(he)改造工作，為HFW鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)尋求(qiu)出(chu)路。寶雞(ji)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)通(tong)過技(ji)術改造建成(cheng)了(le)(le)以HFW鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)為母管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)SEW焊(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)生(sheng)產(chan)線(xian)，通(tong)過后續的(de)(de)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)熱張(zhang)力減徑和(he)熱處理大大提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)了(le)(le)HFW焊(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)的(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)能，基本實(shi)現了(le)(le)HFW焊(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)無縫(feng)化。采用SEW工藝(yi)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，寶雞(ji)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)開發出(chu)了(le)(le)SEW J55、N80Q、P110系列(lie)鋼(gang)級套管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，產(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)壁厚均(jun)勻性(xing)(xing)好，在抗擠毀性(xing)(xing)能等方(fang)面(mian)表現出(chu)了(le)(le)優(you)良的(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)能。珠江鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)利用HFW鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)部分作預焊(han)(han)(han)(han)，后續增加埋弧(hu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接形成(cheng)了(le)(le)既可(ke)以生(sheng)產(chan)HFW焊(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，也可(ke)以生(sheng)產(chan)中、小(xiao)口徑直縫(feng)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)COE機組，為HFW焊(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)開辟了(le)(le)新的(de)(de)市場空(kong)間。


 埋(mai)弧焊(han)(han)接(jie)不銹鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)主要還是用(yong)(yong)于油氣輸送(song)(song)(song)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道，在(zai)幾何外形(xing)和尺寸(cun)上要求的(de)(de)精(jing)度不高，而直縫高頻焊(han)(han)接(jie)不銹鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)也可用(yong)(yong)于輸送(song)(song)(song)油氣外其用(yong)(yong)途更加廣(guang)(guang)泛(fan)(fan)(fan)。除了(le)大量(liang)用(yong)(yong)于民用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)輸送(song)(song)(song)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道以外，其高端產品還可用(yong)(yong)于油井管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、鍋爐管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。精(jing)密焊(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)還廣(guang)(guang)泛(fan)(fan)(fan)應用(yong)(yong)液壓缸體、汽車(che)傳(chuan)動軸(zhou)等機械管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。而且，高頻焊(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)還具備了(le)很強的(de)(de)可加工能力，矩形(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和異性鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)也多(duo)采用(yong)(yong)此類鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)加工。并廣(guang)(guang)泛(fan)(fan)(fan)用(yong)(yong)于各(ge)行(xing)各(ge)業。目前我國的(de)(de)高頻焊(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)廠產能達到(dao)了(le)5200多(duo)萬噸，品種規格也達到(dao)了(le)2000多(duo)種，對我國各(ge)行(xing)各(ge)業的(de)(de)支撐起(qi)到(dao)了(le)不可或(huo)缺的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)。