現代的(de)立式(shi)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機上(shang)一般都配(pei)備完成以(yi)下動(dong)作(zuo)的(de)輔助(zhu)機械：（1)在加熱好坯料的(de)內(nei)外表(biao)面上(shang)涂敷玻璃潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)劑；（2)將(jiang)內(nei)外表(biao)面經潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)的(de)坯料從潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)臺送至穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)上(shang)方的(de)位(wei)置；（3)將(jiang)坯料及剪切(qie)環送入穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)并封(feng)閉(bi)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)的(de)下方；（4)將(jiang)玻璃潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)劑施加到(dao)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)中坯料的(de)上(shang)端面和中心孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)內(nei)；（5)冷卻鐓粗(cu)桿、鐓粗(cu)頭；（6)清理、更換穿(chuan)(chuan)（擴(kuo)）孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)頭；（7)從穿(chuan)(chuan)（擴(kuo)）孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)中頂(ding)出空心坯和剪切(qie)環；（8)冷卻、清理、更換剪切(qie)環；（9)冷卻、清理穿(chuan)(chuan)（擴(kuo)）孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)內(nei)襯；（10)接受空心坯料，并將(jiang)其傳送到(dao)輸出輥道上(shang)。
以上列舉(ju)的(de)機(ji)械和(he)裝置按照自動化程序依次工作，其結構(gou)和(he)布(bu)置取決（擴）孔(kong)(kong)坯料的(de)質量和(he)尺(chi)寸(cun)、穿孔(kong)(kong)機(ji)的(de)結構(gou)形(xing)式、穿孔(kong)(kong)筒的(de)工位設(she)置及其工位數量。
德(de)國制(zhi)造的10MN（1000t)立式(shi)穿孔(kong)機(ji)的有(you)關參數如下(xia)：
穿孔(kong)余料應留的(de)(de)高度由可能(neng)得到(dao)的(de)(de)穿孔(kong)力的(de)(de)大小(xiao)而定。
在(zai)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)余(yu)料高度(du)等(deng)于穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)頭(tou)直徑的(de)(de)一半以前，穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)過(guo)程為等(deng)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)力進行(xing)。當確定了(le)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)機在(zai)使(shi)用最大穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)頭(tou)時的(de)(de)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)力而不考慮(lv)其(qi)增長，則在(zai)使(shi)用最大穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)頭(tou)時的(de)(de)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)余(yu)料高度(du)為穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)頭(tou)直徑之半。
實際上，穿孔(kong)余(yu)料(liao)高(gao)度(du)的(de)(de)確(que)定尚須考慮到穿孔(kong)頭邊角半徑的(de)(de)大小，以及其材料(liao)流(liu)動錐(zhui)體的(de)(de)影響。
4. 穿(chuan)孔余料的剪切力(li)與(yu)支承(cheng)缸的封底推力(li)
按(an)照剪應力理論：σ1-σ3 = 2Tmax,則穿孔余料剪切力為： Tmax=(σ1-σ3)/2 τ=0.5Kf
所采用的Kf相當于無損失鐓壓過程時的數值，但鋼坯下部和穿孔筒底部接觸，約有50~80℃的溫度損失，對于不同的材料在不同溫度下的Kf值見表8-26。
5. 支承缸的(de)封底(di)推力
穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)筒的(de)(de)封(feng)底(di)(di)荷載，即單位壓力，相當于(yu)分布在底(di)(di)部(bu)面(mian)積上的(de)(de)穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)力，封(feng)底(di)(di)支(zhi)承桿的(de)(de)直徑(jing)和穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)頭直徑(jing)相等。封(feng)底(di)(di)支(zhi)承桿的(de)(de)面(mian)積（或穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)頭的(de)(de)面(mian)積），占(zhan)穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)筒面(mian)積的(de)(de)比(bi)值見表8-27.
可(ke)見，當穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)余料的(de)高(gao)度(du)不低于穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)頭直徑之半(ban)時(shi)，封底推(tui)力能達到穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)力的(de)50%就足(zu)夠(gou)了。為(wei)了充(chong)分(fen)利(li)用穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)力，并(bing)盡量減小穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)余料的(de)厚度(du)，則(ze)作(zuo)用于封底支(zhi)承(cheng)桿上的(de)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)力的(de)分(fen)量要增(zeng)加(jia)，最(zui)大可(ke)以增(zeng)加(jia)到等于穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)力。
6. 31.5MN（3150t)擠壓車間10MN(1000t)立式穿(chuan)孔機設備性能：
