不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)管立(li)式(shi)穿孔機具有各(ge)種不(bu)同(tong)的(de)結構，采(cai)用(yong)何種結構取(qu)決于其不(bu)同(tong)的(de)用(yong)途。
若用于(yu)實心坯(pi)料穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)的(de)(de)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)機，通常(chang)具有安裝在同一(yi)導向(xiang)裝置上的(de)(de)兩個活動(dong)橫(heng)梁，其(qi)中一(yi)個橫(heng)梁安裝有鐓(dui)粗坯(pi)料用的(de)(de)鐓(dui)粗桿，也稱為(wei)鐓(dui)粗梁；另(ling)一(yi)個活動(dong)橫(heng)梁上安裝有穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)桿，即稱穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)梁。兩個橫(heng)梁可以同時或者(zhe)單獨(du)地(di)工作或移動(dong)。
若采用擴(kuo)孔(kong)工(gong)藝時，沒有鐓(dui)粗(cu)工(gong)序(xu)，則可以(yi)簡化(hua)穿(chuan)孔(kong)機的結構，兩個動(dong)梁并為一個，僅作(zuo)為擴(kuo)孔(kong)頭(tou)在穿(chuan)孔(kong)筒中(zhong)的對中(zhong)，即具有短行(xing)程(cheng)的附(fu)加動(dong)梁。
一般最為常用的不銹鋼(gang)管穿孔機用于分別完成穿孔和擴孔兩個工序。
穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)機(ji)按其(qi)結構形式可以分為三類：有(you)(you)一個固定(ding)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)筒(tong)(tong)的穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)機(ji)；有(you)(you)一個移動(dong)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)筒(tong)(tong)的穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)機(ji)和具有(you)(you)多工位的旋轉或(huo)移動(dong)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)筒(tong)(tong)座(zuo)的多穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)筒(tong)(tong)形式的穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)機(ji)。日本的神戶制(zhi)鋼還安裝(zhuang)了有(you)(you)3個穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)筒(tong)(tong)的多穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)筒(tong)(tong)結構的穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)機(ji)。
表8-23為(wei)穿孔機的能(neng)(neng)(neng)力與擠壓機能(neng)(neng)(neng)力的匹(pi)配(pei)情況，表8-24為(wei)國外(wai)部分立式穿孔機的主要技術性能(neng)(neng)(neng)。
圖8-27所示為(wei)立式單筒固定式穿孔機的結構示意圖，此種(zhong)(zhong)穿孔機設備(bei)高(gao)(gao)度高(gao)(gao)，裝出料(liao)間隙時間長，被認為(wei)是一種(zhong)(zhong)陳舊的結構。
近代也(ye)有采(cai)用4工位(wei)雙穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)筒(tong)(tong)移動式(shi)或旋轉(zhuan)式(shi)立(li)式(shi)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)機結構（圖(tu)8-28)。這種結構的立(li)式(shi)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)機，采(cai)用2個穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)筒(tong)(tong)交替作(zuo)業，裝出料和穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)筒(tong)(tong)內襯的清(qing)理都在(zai)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)中心線之(zhi)外進(jin)行(xing)。因此(ci)，不(bu)僅使穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)機的高度降低(di)，同時降低(di)了(le)廠房設(she)施的高度，而且也(ye)提高了(le)設(she)備的使用效率。但是，隨之(zhi)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)筒(tong)(tong)的快速和精確(que)定(ding)位(wei)及固(gu)定(ding)比較困(kun)難，搞得(de)不(bu)好會(hui)影響穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)后(hou)空心坯壁(bi)厚的精度。
雙(shuang)穿(chuan)孔(kong)筒結構的(de)(de)穿(chuan)孔(kong)機，穿(chuan)孔(kong)筒具(ju)有4個工位(wei)，在(zai)這些工位(wei)上(shang)依次(ci)完成以下(xia)工序：把穿(chuan)孔(kong)坯料裝入穿(chuan)孔(kong)筒，進行(xing)坯料的(de)(de)鐓粗和穿(chuan)孔(kong)，從穿(chuan)孔(kong)筒中頂出(chu)空心坯，進行(xing)穿(chuan)孔(kong)筒內襯的(de)(de)清理。
美(mei)國 Lone Star鋼(gang)廠55MN（5500t)臥式鋼(gang)管(guan)擠壓(ya)機(ji)相配套的25MN(2500t)立式穿孔機(ji)的主要(yao)性能如下：
穿孔(kong)(kong)機配置(zhi)有自動控制系(xi)統，可用(yong)于：（1)管坯(pi)的(de)鐓粗和穿孔(kong)(kong)；（2)帶預鉆孔(kong)(kong)和錐形輔助孔(kong)(kong)坯(pi)料(liao)的(de)擴孔(kong)(kong)。
