管件在管系中起著改變走向、改變標高或改變直徑、封閉管端以及由主管上引出支管的作用。在石油化工裝置中管道品種多，管系復雜，形狀各異，簡繁不等，所用的管(guan)件品種、材質、數量也就很多，選用時需要考慮的因素也多，如圖16.21所示。一般按用途、連接方式、材料、加工方式分類。

一、按用(yong)途(tu)分類

  ①. 直(zhi)管與(yu)直(zhi)管連接(jie)： 有活接(jie)頭、管箍。

  ②. 改變走向：有彎頭、彎管。

  ③. 分支：有三通、四通、承插焊管接頭、螺紋管接頭、加強管接頭，管箍、管嘴。

  ④. 改變管徑：有異徑管（大小頭）、異徑短節、異徑管箍、內外絲。

  ⑤. 封閉管端：有管帽、絲堵。

  ⑥. 其他：有螺紋短節、翻邊管接頭等。

二、按連(lian)接方(fang)式(shi)分(fen)類(lei)

   根據管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)端部連(lian)(lian)接(jie)形式(shi)可(ke)將管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)分為對(dui)焊(han)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)（簡(jian)稱對(dui)焊(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)）、承插(cha)(cha)焊(han)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)（簡(jian)稱承插(cha)(cha)焊(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)）、螺紋(wen)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)（簡(jian)稱螺紋(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)）、法蘭(lan)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)以(yi)及其他管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)。在石油(you)化工裝置(zhi)的(de)配管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)設計中，常用(yong)(yong)的(de)對(dui)焊(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)、支管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)臺、承插(cha)(cha)焊(han)與螺紋(wen)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)形式(shi)。法蘭(lan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)多用(yong)(yong)于特殊配管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)場合，使用(yong)(yong)范圍與數量(liang)相(xiang)對(dui)比較少。需要時可(ke)根據GB／T 17185《鋼制法蘭(lan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)》的(de)規定選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)。

三、按材(cai)料分類

   有碳素鋼管件、合金鋼管件、不銹(xiu)鋼管件、塑料管件、橡膠管件、鑄鐵管件、鍛鋼管件等。

四、按加工方式分

   有無縫、焊(han)接(jie)、鍛制、鑄造。