2000年前后，隨著工程機械企業對材料要求的提高，鋼管生產廠家除了新建一批先進的軋管機組外，還逐步加大了熱處理線的投入，以實現材料多狀態的交付，改變了以前只有正火、退火、回火的狀態，這對高強度鋼管的研發也起到了很大的作用。目前具備鋼管調質能力的企業有：天津鋼管、寶鋼、衡陽鋼管、湖北新冶鋼、新興鑄管、鞍鋼等。其中天津鋼管擁有十條熱處理線，寶鋼、衡陽鋼管也都有多條熱處理線，規格范圍覆蓋外徑Φ48～720mm；湖北新冶鋼先后建設了四條熱處理線，規格可覆蓋外徑Φ51～533mm，是熱處理比較好的企業之一。這些生產線的建設，為我國開發更高強度級別的如Q500、Q550、Q620、Q690、Q770、Q890等低合金高強度鋼創造了條件。2018年新修訂的《結構用無縫(feng)鋼(gang)管(guan)》（GB／T 8162-2018）將上述大部分牌號納入標準，從而與國外先進標準EN10210-1、EN10297-1更加接近。至此，高強度工程機械用鋼的牌號、化學成分、力學性能要求等，基本上與國際先進標準接軌。

一(yi)、起(qi)重機臂架用無縫鋼管(guan)

  履帶(dai)式(shi)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)廣泛(fan)應用于橋梁、發(fa)電(dian)設(she)(she)備(bei)、煉油(you)設(she)(she)備(bei)、風力發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組以及(ji)海(hai)上(shang)工(gong)(gong)作平臺等項目的(de)施工(gong)(gong)，是工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械中(zhong)技術含(han)量(liang)高(gao)、制造工(gong)(gong)藝復(fu)雜、具有獨特(te)性(xing)能的(de)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)作業機(ji)(ji)(ji)械設(she)(she)備(bei)。自(zi)2005年徐工(gong)(gong)集(ji)團(tuan)率先研(yan)制成功(gong)我國第一臺300t級(ji)履帶(dai)式(shi)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)開始(shi)，我國履帶(dai)式(shi)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)發(fa)展迅(xun)速(su)向大(da)噸(dun)位攀升(sheng)。在2009年和2010年，徐工(gong)(gong)集(ji)團(tuan)、中(zhong)聯重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)科(ke)、三(san)(san)一重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)(gong)和撫(fu)順挖掘機(ji)(ji)(ji)制造有限(xian)公司連續推(tui)出千(qian)噸(dun)級(ji)履帶(dai)式(shi)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。2011年5月，中(zhong)聯重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)科(ke)和三(san)(san)一重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)(gong)又(you)相(xiang)繼推(tui)出3000t級(ji)以上(shang)大(da)型履帶(dai)式(shi)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。2013年7月，徐工(gong)(gong)4000t級(ji)履帶(dai)式(shi)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)成功(gong)啟用，并將萬華煙臺工(gong)(gong)業園(yuan)高(gao)度(du)為(wei)118m、直(zhi)徑(jing)為(wei)14.4m、重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)為(wei)1680t的(de)丙烯塔吊裝(zhuang)就位，開啟了(le)中(zhong)國吊裝(zhuang)行業的(de)新征程(cheng)(cheng)。

作為(wei)履(lv)帶式起重機重要部件(jian)的(de)(de)組(zu)合臂(bei)架，是承載和(he)輸送的(de)(de)關鍵部位，臂(bei)架一般是由(you)長度11m左右的(de)(de)無(wu)縫鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)作為(wei)主弦臂(bei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)與(yu)腹臂(bei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)焊接組(zu)合而成(cheng)(cheng)。對(dui)于(yu)400t以上大(da)型履(lv)帶式起重機的(de)(de)臂(bei)架，主弦管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)所使(shi)用的(de)(de)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外徑更(geng)大(da)、壁厚更(geng)厚、強(qiang)度更(geng)高(gao)，要求鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)不僅具有(you)更(geng)高(gao)的(de)(de)強(qiang)度和(he)韌(ren)性(xing)，同時由(you)于(yu)履(lv)帶式起重機臂(bei)架全(quan)部由(you)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)焊接而成(cheng)(cheng)，因此還要求鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)具有(you)良好的(de)(de)焊接性(xing)能。國內主要使(shi)用的(de)(de)770MPa和(he)890MPa級(ji)高(gao)強(qiang)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，衡(heng)陽鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、天津鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、新冶鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)、寶(bao)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)、鞍鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)產品已完全(quan)替代進口。天津鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)已成(cheng)(cheng)功供貨屈服強(qiang)度960MPa級(ji)別臂(bei)架管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。

二、旋挖機(ji)鉆桿用無縫鋼管

  旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)是一(yi)(yi)種適合建筑基礎工(gong)(gong)(gong)程中(zhong)成(cheng)孔(kong)作業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械。旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)是用在旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)與施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)用鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭之間，傳遞扭矩、軸向壓力等載荷，沿共同(tong)軸心、逐節伸縮(suo)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)狀結構。旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)由(you)(you)(you)三到六根無(wu)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)鋼管(guan)(guan)經機(ji)(ji)(ji)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)、焊(han)接(jie)后(hou)套(tao)(tao)裝而(er)成(cheng)。其中(zhong)，每根無(wu)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)鋼管(guan)(guan)構成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)節鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)套(tao)(tao)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)，每節鋼管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)度(du)(du)通常約10m左(zuo)右(you)，直(zhi)徑Φ159～630mm，壁厚(hou)8～45mm；每節鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)套(tao)(tao)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)圓按(an)120度(du)(du)均布焊(han)接(jie)厚(hou)度(du)(du)x寬度(du)(du)約為(wei)(wei)20mmx50mm的(de)(de)(de)通長(chang)外(wai)鍵，每節鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)套(tao)(tao)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)下端內(nei)(nei)弧(hu)面上焊(han)接(jie)了(le)(le)同(tong)樣厚(hou)度(du)(du)和寬度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)鍵（長(chang)約500～900mm）。為(wei)(wei)保證旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)機(ji)(ji)(ji)正常工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，要(yao)求盡量(liang)縮(suo)小相鄰鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)套(tao)(tao)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)間的(de)(de)(de)空隙，同(tong)時還要(yao)保證各節套(tao)(tao)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)能夠(gou)自由(you)(you)(you)伸縮(suo)，這對套(tao)(tao)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)用無(wu)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)鋼管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)尺寸偏差(cha)及形狀精度(du)(du)提出了(le)(le)特殊要(yao)求。旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)采用無(wu)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)鋼管(guan)(guan)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)制(zhi)造，由(you)(you)(you)于對鋼管(guan)(guan)質量(liang)要(yao)求嚴(yan)、技術含量(liang)高，過去主要(yao)依靠從國(guo)外(wai)進口，目前國(guo)內(nei)(nei)生產旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)機(ji)(ji)(ji)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)用無(wu)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)鋼管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)有幾十家(jia)，國(guo)產品牌(pai)鋼管(guan)(guan)已(yi)完(wan)全(quan)取代進口鋼管(guan)(guan)。國(guo)內(nei)(nei)鋼管(guan)(guan)制(zhi)造企(qi)業(ye)(ye)和旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)生產企(qi)業(ye)(ye)積累了(le)(le)豐富的(de)(de)(de)經驗，現已(yi)形成(cheng)完(wan)善的(de)(de)(de)鋼管(guan)(guan)制(zhi)造技術標準和鋼管(guan)(guan)批量(liang)供貨能力，攀成(cheng)鋼牽頭起草的(de)(de)(de)《旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)機(ji)(ji)(ji)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)用無(wu)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)鋼管(guan)(guan)》（GB／T 34109--2017）國(guo)家(jia)標準已(yi)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)，衡(heng)陽鋼管(guan)(guan)和天(tian)津鋼管(guan)(guan)為(wei)(wei)北京三一(yi)(yi)智造科技有限(xian)公司開發的(de)(de)(de)SY550和SY850旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)專用無(wu)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)鋼管(guan)(guan)，突破了(le)(le)目前旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)用無(wu)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)鋼管(guan)(guan)采購技術要(yao)求，將新材料應用在其第五(wu)代旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)上，將旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用壽命(ming)由(you)(you)(you)2000h提升到3000h以上，助推(tui)中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)產品走在世界前列。