固(gu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)處(chu)(chu)理(li)是將合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)加(jia)熱(re)(re)到(dao)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)單-相區恒溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)保(bao)(bao)持,使(shi)(shi)(shi)過(guo)剩(sheng)相溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解(jie)到(dao)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)體(ti)后快速冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)、以(yi)(yi)(yi)得(de)到(dao)過(guo)飽(bao)和(he)(he)(he)固(gu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)工藝(yi)。首先,固(gu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)處(chu)(chu)理(li)是為(wei)了溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解(jie)基體(ti)內碳(tan)化(hua)物、γ'相等(deng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)得(de)到(dao)均勻的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)飽(bao)和(he)(he)(he)固(gu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)體(ti),便于(yu)時(shi)效(xiao)時(shi)重新析(xi)(xi)出(chu)(chu)顆粒(li)(li)細小、分(fen)布均勻的(de)(de)(de)(de)碳(tan)化(hua)物和(he)(he)(he)γ'等(deng)強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)相,同時(shi)消除由于(yu)冷(leng)(leng)熱(re)(re)加(jia)工產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)力。使(shi)(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)發生再結晶。其(qi)次,固(gu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)處(chu)(chu)理(li)是為(wei)了獲(huo)得(de)適宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)晶粒(li)(li)度(du),以(yi)(yi)(yi)保(bao)(bao)證合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)抗(kang)蠕(ru)變性(xing)能。固(gu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)處(chu)(chu)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)范圍為(wei)980~1250℃,主(zhu)(zhu)要根(gen)據(ju)各個(ge)合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)中(zhong)相析(xi)(xi)出(chu)(chu)和(he)(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解(jie)規律及(ji)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)要求(qiu)來選(xuan)擇(ze),以(yi)(yi)(yi)保(bao)(bao)證主(zhu)(zhu)要強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)相必要的(de)(de)(de)(de)析(xi)(xi)出(chu)(chu)條件(jian)和(he)(he)(he)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)晶粒(li)(li)度(du)。對(dui)于(yu)長期高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin),要求(qiu)有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)持久和(he)(he)(he)蠕(ru)變性(xing)能,應(ying)選(xuan)擇(ze)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)固(gu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)以(yi)(yi)(yi)獲(huo)得(de)較(jiao)(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)晶粒(li)(li)度(du);對(dui)于(yu)中(zhong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)并(bing)要求(qiu)較(jiao)(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)室溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)硬度(du)、屈服強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)、拉伸強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)、沖擊韌(ren)性(xing)和(he)(he)(he)疲勞強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin),可采用(yong)(yong)較(jiao)(jiao)低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)固(gu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du),保(bao)(bao)證較(jiao)(jiao)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)晶粒(li)(li)度(du)。高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)固(gu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)處(chu)(chu)理(li)時(shi),各種析(xi)(xi)出(chu)(chu)相都逐步溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解(jie),同時(shi)晶粒(li)(li)長大;低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)固(gu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)處(chu)(chu)理(li)時(shi),不(bu)僅有(you)主(zhu)(zhu)要強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)相的(de)(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解(jie),而(er)且可能有(you)某些相的(de)(de)(de)(de)析(xi)(xi)出(chu)(chu)。對(dui)于(yu)過(guo)飽(bao)和(he)(he)(he)度(du)低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin),通(tong)常(chang)選(xuan)擇(ze)較(jiao)(jiao)快的(de)(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)速度(du);對(dui)于(yu)過(guo)飽(bao)和(he)(he)(he)度(du)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin),通(tong)常(chang)為(wei)空(kong)氣中(zhong)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)。


 對2205雙相不銹鋼進行不同溫度的固溶處理會導致2205雙(shuang)相不銹鋼兩相組織的改變,進而導致其性能的差異,圖3.1是在不同溫度下2205雙相不銹鋼固溶處理后的微觀組織。



  選取(qu)1000℃作為(wei)最低固溶溫(wen)(wen)度(du),當(dang)熱(re)處理溫(wen)(wen)度(du)低于(yu)(yu)(yu)950℃時,雙(shuang)(shuang)相不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼基(ji)體(ti)(ti)會析出(chu)雜質相σ相,σ相作為(wei)富含(han)Cr、Mo的(de)硬脆相,其存在降低雙(shuang)(shuang)相不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼的(de)耐(nai)蝕(shi)性能(neng)。圖3.1(a)為(wei)950℃的(de)微觀組織,。相廣泛分布于(yu)(yu)(yu)鐵(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)/奧氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)晶(jing)界。當(dang)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)達到1000℃時,σ相會消失(shi),雙(shuang)(shuang)相不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼中(zhong)只存在鐵(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)相和奧氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)相。圖3.1(b)~(f)中(zhong)深(shen)色區為(wei)鐵(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti),淺色區為(wei)奧氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)。奧氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)以鐵(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)為(wei)基(ji)體(ti)(ti),呈帶(dai)狀或島(dao)狀分布于(yu)(yu)(yu)鐵(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)上(shang)。隨著溫(wen)(wen)度(du)的(de)升高,奧氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)晶(jing)粒尺寸(cun)變大(da)。


 利用IAS圖(tu)像分析軟(ruan)件(jian)測(ce)量(liang)并(bing)計算相(xiang)比例(li),每(mei)個熱處理(li)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)下的金(jin)相(xiang)圖(tu)取8張(zhang)計算,求取平均值。表3.2給出了利用IAS圖(tu)像分析軟(ruan)件(jian)計算得到不同(tong)固(gu)溶(rong)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)下2205雙相(xiang)不銹鋼的相(xiang)比例(li)。1000℃時(shi),鐵(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)為48.3%,隨著固(gu)溶(rong)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)的升高(gao),鐵(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)相(xiang)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)增加,奧氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)相(xiang)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)下降,直到1200℃時(shi),鐵(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)達到62.3%,奧氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)僅占37.7%.這種鐵(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)與奧氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)隨固(gu)溶(rong)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)的變化(hua)規律(lv)前人的研究結果相(xiang)一致。兩相(xiang)比例(li)的變化(hua)曲線如圖(tu)3.2所(suo)示,兩相(xiang)與溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)的關系呈線性變化(hua)。當固(gu)溶(rong)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)約為1040℃時(shi),其相(xiang)比例(li)為1:1。



 因此(ci)在(zai)本實驗(yan)的(de)6個固溶溫度中,當固溶溫度為1050℃時,雙(shuang)相不銹鋼(gang)相比例(li)最接近1:1。


 采用顯微(wei)硬度儀壓頭為(wei)菱形(xing)壓頭,荷載F為(wei)4.8N,分別(bie)測出菱形(xing)的兩個直徑d1和d2,根據(ju)下式計算顯微(wei)硬度:


式 1.jpg


所有固(gu)溶溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)試樣均測5個(ge)(ge)點(dian),最后求(qiu)取平均值為個(ge)(ge)固(gu)溶溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)下(xia)2205雙相不(bu)銹鋼的顯(xian)微硬度(du)(du)值。顯(xian)微硬度(du)(du)值如表3.3所列,顯(xian)微硬度(du)(du)隨固(gu)溶溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)的變化曲(qu)線(xian)如圖3.3所示。


  從圖3.3可知,2205雙相不銹鋼的顯微硬度先下降,后上升。這主要是由于當溫度為1000℃時,鐵素體相中間夾雜著小塊狀的二次奧氏體,當溫度達到1050℃后,二次奧氏體含量減少,組織均勻化程度提高,硬度減小。在此之后,隨著固溶溫度的增加,奧氏體含量減少,具有體心立方結構的奧氏體相屬于軟軔相,具有面心立方結構的鐵素體是強硬相,因此材料顯微硬度值又升高。同樣對2507雙相不銹鋼進行不同溫度的固溶處理會導致2507雙相不銹鋼兩相組織的改變,進而導致其性能的差異,以下是2507雙相不銹鋼在不同溫度下固溶處理后的微觀組織。


3.jpg


  2507雙相(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)分別在(zai)(zai)1000℃、1050℃、1100℃、1150℃、1200℃下固(gu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)0.5h后水冷的(de)(de)金相(xiang)(xiang)組(zu)織如圖3.4所示。從圖3.4可以清晰地得(de)(de)知(zhi)當(dang)固(gu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)溫(wen)度為(wei)1000℃時鐵(tie)素體(ti)相(xiang)(xiang)與奧氏(shi)體(ti)相(xiang)(xiang)兩相(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang)界處(chu)有(you)σ相(xiang)(xiang)析(xi)出,隨固(gu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)處(chu)理溫(wen)度升(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)到1050℃時σ相(xiang)(xiang)已經溶(rong)(rong)(rong)解。利用(yong)Image-Pro-Plus 圖像分析(xi)儀軟件(jian)6.0版測定的(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)比例如圖3.5所示。從圖3.5能(neng)夠獲得(de)(de)固(gu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)熱處(chu)理溫(wen)度的(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)高(gao)會(hui)導致σ析(xi)出相(xiang)(xiang)含量降(jiang)低(di),當(dang)固(gu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)熱處(chu)理溫(wen)度大于(yu)(yu)1050℃時σ相(xiang)(xiang)已經完全溶(rong)(rong)(rong)解。這是由于(yu)(yu)固(gu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)熱處(chu)理溫(wen)度的(de)(de)升(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)使鋼(gang)(gang)中(zhong)(zhong)鐵(tie)素體(ti)α相(xiang)(xiang)量增(zeng)(zeng)多,導致σ相(xiang)(xiang)形成(cheng)元素Cr和Mo在(zai)(zai)鐵(tie)素體(ti)相(xiang)(xiang)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)濃度降(jiang)低(di),進而(er)導致當(dang)固(gu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)熱處(chu)理溫(wen)度大于(yu)(yu)1050℃時σ相(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)形成(cheng)受到抑制。考慮(lv)到σ相(xiang)(xiang)硬(ying)且脆,能(neng)夠大幅度減弱材料的(de)(de)塑性(xing)與韌性(xing),并且σ相(xiang)(xiang)富Cr,很(hen)容易(yi)在(zai)(zai)其周圍產生貧Cr區降(jiang)低(di)DSS2507的(de)(de)抗(kang)腐蝕(shi)性(xing)能(neng),所以σ相(xiang)(xiang)為(wei)DSS2507析(xi)出相(xiang)(xiang)中(zhong)(zhong)危害最大的(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang),因此,在(zai)(zai)實際應用(yong)過程中(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)想(xiang)將2507雙相(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)熱軋態σ相(xiang)(xiang)完全消(xiao)除(chu)所選用(yong)的(de)(de)固(gu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)溫(wen)度要(yao)不(bu)(bu)低(di)于(yu)(yu)1050℃。




  圖(tu)3.4中深色組織(zhi)是鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)α相(xiang)(xiang)、淺色組織(zhi)是奧(ao)氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)γ相(xiang)(xiang)。從圖(tu)3.4可(ke)(ke)知奧(ao)氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)γ相(xiang)(xiang)首(shou)先表現為長條狀,隨著固(gu)(gu)(gu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)處理(li)(li)(li)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)升(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)而逐(zhu)漸變(bian)短(duan),變(bian)成(cheng)島(dao)狀分(fen)布在(zai)基體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)上面。從圖(tu)3.5及表3.4中給出的(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)比(bi)例測量結果(guo)能夠獲得(de)鋼中鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)α相(xiang)(xiang)量隨固(gu)(gu)(gu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)熱(re)處理(li)(li)(li)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)升(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)而上升(sheng)(sheng),奧(ao)氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)γ相(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)積分(fen)數隨著固(gu)(gu)(gu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)上升(sheng)(sheng)而下(xia)降,這是由于在(zai)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)固(gu)(gu)(gu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)下(xia)2507雙(shuang)(shuang)相(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)(bu)銹鋼呈現出的(de)(de)(de)(de)組織(zhi)為單(dan)一的(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),隨固(gu)(gu)(gu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)熱(re)處理(li)(li)(li)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)降低(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)逐(zhu)步轉化為奧(ao)氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)組織(zhi),即(ji)固(gu)(gu)(gu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)熱(re)處理(li)(li)(li)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)升(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)導致奧(ao)氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)逐(zhu)漸轉變(bian)為鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)組織(zhi)。從圖(tu)3.5可(ke)(ke)以看出當固(gu)(gu)(gu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)熱(re)處理(li)(li)(li)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)在(zai)1000~1050℃之間時奧(ao)氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)y相(xiang)(xiang)比(bi)例減(jian)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)較(jiao)緩慢,隨固(gu)(gu)(gu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)熱(re)處理(li)(li)(li)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)升(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)奧(ao)氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)γ相(xiang)(xiang)含量減(jian)少的(de)(de)(de)(de)趨勢(shi)加快,這是因為2507雙(shuang)(shuang)相(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)(bu)銹鋼中的(de)(de)(de)(de)氮元(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)是奧(ao)氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)形(xing)成(cheng)元(yuan)素(su)(su)(su),在(zai)較(jiao)低(di)固(gu)(gu)(gu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)下(xia)抑制(zhi)了奧(ao)氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)相(xiang)(xiang)向(xiang)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)相(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉變(bian),而固(gu)(gu)(gu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)熱(re)處理(li)(li)(li)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)升(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)會使(shi)N元(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)穩定奧(ao)氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)相(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用逐(zhu)漸減(jian)弱,進(jin)而導致奧(ao)氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)γ相(xiang)(xiang)向(xiang)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)α相(xiang)(xiang)轉變(bian)速度(du)(du)(du)加快。


 2507雙相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)銹鋼(gang)中的(de)奧(ao)氏(shi)體(ti)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)和鐵(tie)素(su)體(ti)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)這兩(liang)種相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)比例主要受固(gu)(gu)溶(rong)處(chu)理(li)(li)工藝以(yi)及自(zi)身(shen)化(hua)學成分的(de)影響,當鋼(gang)的(de)主要化(hua)學成分確定時(shi),則兩(liang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)比例與固(gu)(gu)溶(rong)處(chu)理(li)(li)制度(du)有(you)著(zhu)密切聯(lian)系。DSS2507的(de)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)比例又影響著(zhu)其自(zi)身(shen)的(de)性(xing)能(neng)(neng),其塑性(xing)隨著(zhu)鐵(tie)素(su)體(ti)含量(liang)的(de)增多(duo)而(er)減弱(ruo)、耐應(ying)力(li)(li)腐蝕破裂能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)隨著(zhu)奧(ao)氏(shi)體(ti)含量(liang)升高而(er)減弱(ruo),進(jin)而(er)認(ren)為當鐵(tie)素(su)體(ti)α相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)跟(gen)奧(ao)氏(shi)體(ti)γ相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)這兩(liang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)比例接近1:1時(shi)雙相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)銹鋼(gang)的(de)綜(zong)合性(xing)能(neng)(neng)最佳,有(you)較(jiao)好(hao)(hao)的(de)抗腐蝕能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)以(yi)及較(jiao)優(you)的(de)力(li)(li)學性(xing)能(neng)(neng)。從圖3.5可知固(gu)(gu)溶(rong)熱處(chu)理(li)(li)溫度(du)在(zai)1050~1100℃之(zhi)間(jian)時(shi)可以(yi)使(shi)鋼(gang)中的(de)兩(liang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)組織比例達到1:1,本(ben)實驗(yan)中所選用的(de)5種固(gu)(gu)溶(rong)溫度(du)中1050℃時(shi)鐵(tie)素(su)體(ti)α相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)跟(gen)奧(ao)氏(shi)體(ti)γ相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)比例最接近1:1,進(jin)而(er)可以(yi)認(ren)為選擇較(jiao)優(you)的(de)固(gu)(gu)溶(rong)熱處(chu)理(li)(li)溫度(du)使(shi)DSS2507中的(de)兩(liang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)含量(liang)比例達到1:1是(shi)有(you)可能(neng)(neng)的(de),在(zai)實際(ji)應(ying)用過程中為了(le)使(shi)2507雙相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)銹鋼(gang)獲(huo)得較(jiao)好(hao)(hao)的(de)綜(zong)合性(xing)能(neng)(neng),進(jin)行固(gu)(gu)溶(rong)處(chu)理(li)(li)時(shi)選取的(de)固(gu)(gu)溶(rong)溫度(du)應(ying)該在(zai)1050~1100℃之(zhi)間(jian)。


  2507雙(shuang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)分別(bie)在(zai)1000℃、1050℃、1100℃、1150℃、1200℃固(gu)(gu)溶(rong)(rong)0.5h后(hou)(hou)水冷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)值如圖(tu)3.6所(suo)(suo)(suo)示。從(cong)圖(tu)3.6可知(zhi)DSS2507的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)隨(sui)固(gu)(gu)溶(rong)(rong)處(chu)理溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)(gao)先減小后(hou)(hou)變大(da)呈(cheng)曲線變化。在(zai)1000~1050℃溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)范(fan)圍內(nei)(nei)鋼(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)隨(sui)固(gu)(gu)溶(rong)(rong)熱處(chu)理溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增高(gao)(gao)而(er)(er)逐漸(jian)減小,1050~1200℃范(fan)圍內(nei)(nei)隨(sui)固(gu)(gu)溶(rong)(rong)熱處(chu)理溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)又漸(jian)漸(jian)變大(da),且1050℃時(shi)DSS2507的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)表現為(wei)最小。從(cong)3.2.1節分析可知(zhi)當固(gu)(gu)溶(rong)(rong)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)1000℃時(shi)在(zai)鐵(tie)素(su)(su)體(ti)和奧氏(shi)體(ti)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)界處(chu)有σ相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)析出,σ相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)是一種硬(ying)(ying)而(er)(er)脆的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),能夠提高(gao)(gao)雙(shuang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)值,所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)1000℃下鋼(gang)(gang)有較高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du),而(er)(er)σ相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)會隨(sui)固(gu)(gu)溶(rong)(rong)熱處(chu)理溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)(gao)而(er)(er)漸(jian)漸(jian)溶(rong)(rong)解到基體(ti)中,DSS2507的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)有下降的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨(qu)(qu)勢;同時(shi)又由(you)于固(gu)(gu)溶(rong)(rong)熱處(chu)理溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增高(gao)(gao)導致鋼(gang)(gang)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)素(su)(su)體(ti)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)量增加而(er)(er)奧氏(shi)體(ti)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)量降低,在(zai)室溫(wen)下鐵(tie)素(su)(su)體(ti)是體(ti)心立方結構(bcc)奧氏(shi)體(ti)是面心立方結構(fcc),前(qian)者(zhe)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)要(yao)高(gao)(gao)于后(hou)(hou)者(zhe),因此在(zai)鐵(tie)素(su)(su)體(ti)含(han)量逐漸(jian)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下鋼(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)也(ye)逐漸(jian)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)(gao),即隨(sui)著固(gu)(gu)溶(rong)(rong)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)(gao)2507 雙(shuang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)呈(cheng)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨(qu)(qu)勢。綜上所(suo)(suo)(suo)述,隨(sui)固(gu)(gu)溶(rong)(rong)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)從(cong)1000℃上升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到1200℃,2507雙(shuang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)呈(cheng)先降低后(hou)(hou)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化趨(qu)(qu)勢。


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