浙江至德鋼業有限公司技術人員用壓力將經過加熱的不銹鋼彎頭推向一個后端加以固定的頂桿,該頂桿的頂頭位于由一對軋輥組成的圓孔型的中心,因此軸向的推力和徑向的軋制力同時作用在方坯上,使彎頭經過頂頭和圓孔型穿孔成為空心坯。在變形過程中只出現壓應力、基本上消除了拉伸應力、剪切應力和連續滑動現象,故穿孔后的不銹鋼彎頭的金屬組織大大改善。


圖 17-1.jpg


  如圖17-1所(suo)示,經(jing)過加(jia)熱(re)的(de)(de)不銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)彎(wan)頭(tou)BL經(jing)消(xiao)除氧化鐵皮和定型(xing)(xing)后,被送至(zhi)壓(ya)力(li)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)的(de)(de)受料槽(cao)內(nei),并處于(yu)液(ye)壓(ya)推(tui)(tui)(tui)鋼(gang)機(ji)AP和軋(ya)機(ji)機(ji)架間。液(ye)力(li)推(tui)(tui)(tui)鋼(gang)機(ji)AP將經(jing)過熱(re)定心(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)方(fang)坯(pi)推(tui)(tui)(tui)入(ru)(ru)一(yi)個堅(jian)固(gu)的(de)(de)、公差很小的(de)(de)方(fang)形入(ru)(ru)口導(dao)(dao)套(tao)(tao)(tao)IG,使方(fang)坯(pi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)和穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)頭(tou)PP和軋(ya)輥(gun)RG相(xiang)遇,并在整個穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)過程維持恒定的(de)(de)推(tui)(tui)(tui)力(li),然后即(ji)作用在它圓形的(de)(de)外表(biao)面上(shang),當空(kong)心(xin)(xin)坯(pi)HB由軋(ya)輥(gun)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)型(xing)(xing)中(zhong)軋(ya)出(chu)時(shi)(shi),立(li)即(ji)進入(ru)(ru)堅(jian)固(gu)的(de)(de)配合得很緊密(mi)的(de)(de)出(chu)口中(zhong)導(dao)(dao)套(tao)(tao)(tao)OG.導(dao)(dao)環(huan)(huan)CG,在穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)開(kai)(kai)始時(shi)(shi)位(wei)于(yu)頂桿(gan)(gan)PB的(de)(de)前端,而當空(kong)心(xin)(xin)坯(pi)進入(ru)(ru)出(chu)口導(dao)(dao)套(tao)(tao)(tao)0G時(shi)(shi),它與(yu)(yu)導(dao)(dao)環(huan)(huan)CG相(xiang)遇,并推(tui)(tui)(tui)動導(dao)(dao)環(huan)(huan)CG前進而空(kong)心(xin)(xin)坯(pi)本身逐(zhu)漸起到(dao)定心(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)作用。因此只要正確地(di)調整入(ru)(ru)口導(dao)(dao)套(tao)(tao)(tao)IG,軋(ya)輥(gun)RG和出(chu)口導(dao)(dao)套(tao)(tao)(tao)OG即(ji)可(ke)保證不銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)彎(wan)頭(tou)、頂頭(tou)與(yu)(yu)頂桿(gan)(gan)三者的(de)(de)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)線(xian)在同(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)直(zhi)線(xian)上(shang),故壓(ya)力(li)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)后,空(kong)心(xin)(xin)坯(pi)壁厚(hou)比較(jiao)均(jun)勻(yun)。當穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)操(cao)作將要結束時(shi)(shi),液(ye)力(li)推(tui)(tui)(tui)鋼(gang)機(ji)的(de)(de)柱塞桿(gan)(gan)IP自(zi)動停止(zhi)前進,而推(tui)(tui)(tui)鋼(gang)機(ji)外環(huan)(huan)繼續前進,直(zhi)至(zhi)與(yu)(yu)頂頭(tou)相(xiang)遇為(wei)止(zhi),此時(shi)(shi)不銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)彎(wan)頭(tou)后部的(de)(de)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)全靠徑向軋(ya)制力(li)來完(wan)成。方(fang)坯(pi)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)后,打開(kai)(kai)鎖門(men),水(shui)冷頂桿(gan)(gan)由空(kong)心(xin)(xin)坯(pi)內(nei)抽(chou)出(chu),其動作和斜(xie)軋(ya)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)是相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)。