壓(ya)力(li)(li)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)類型可分為(wei)(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)與(yu)泄漏兩(liang)(liang)大類。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)按原因(yin)來分又可分為(wei)(wei)化(hua)學性(xing)(xing)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)和(he)物理(li)性(xing)(xing)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)兩(liang)(liang)種。容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)內部(bu)(bu)介質(zhi)因(yin)劇烈化(hua)學反應(ying)（包括燃燒）控引起(qi)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)的(de)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)化(hua)學性(xing)(xing)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)；容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)內部(bu)(bu)因(yin)介質(zhi)壓(ya)力(li)(li)作用使容(rong)(rong)受壓(ya)部(bu)(bu)件(jian)的(de)應(ying)力(li)(li)達到(dao)材料強(qiang)度(du)的(de)極限值所引起(qi)的(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)物理(li)性(xing)(xing)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)故(gu)(gu)。壓(ya)力(li)(li)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)在運行(xing)中(zhong)由于超壓(ya)、過熱，或腐蝕(shi)、磨損，易使受壓(ya)元件(jian)難以承受發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)、撕(si)(si)裂等事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)。壓(ya)力(li)(li)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)后，不(bu)但會(hui)造(zao)(zao)成設備損壞，而(er)還(huan)會(hui)波及(ji)周圍(wei)的(de)設備、建筑和(he)人(ren)群。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)直接產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)碎片(pian)能(neng)飛出數(shu)百米遠，能(neng)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)巨大的(de)沖擊波，破壞力(li)(li)與(yu)殺傷力(li)(li)極大。壓(ya)力(li)(li)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)、撕(si)(si)裂等重(zhong)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)后，有毒物質(zhi)的(de)大量外溢(yi)會(hui)造(zao)(zao)成人(ren)畜中(zhong)毒的(de)惡性(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)。而(er)可燃性(xing)(xing)物質(zhi)的(de)大量泄漏，還(huan)會(hui)引起(qi)重(zhong)大火災和(he)二次爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)，后果也(ye)十分嚴重(zhong)。浙江至德鋼(gang)業有限公司從圧力(li)(li)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)常用鋼(gang)材出發(fa)(fa)，詳細(xi)論述組織(zhi)結構與(yu)氫脆之(zhi)間的(de)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)，希望能(neng)對生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)活中(zhong)的(de)壓(ya)力(li)(li)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)和(he)相關(guan)(guan)科研起(qi)到(dao)一定(ding)的(de)借鑒作用。

 由于(yu)壓(ya)力容(rong)器是一種特殊的(de)設備，因(yin)此用于(yu)制造壓(ya)力容(rong)器的(de)材料主要為鋼(gang)(gang)材。壓(ya)力容(rong)器選材是一個復(fu)雜(za)的(de)問題(ti)，鋼(gang)(gang)材的(de)種類(lei)會對壓(ya)力容(rong)器的(de)安(an)全性、壽(shou)命和(he)設備價格有直接的(de)影響。

 壓力容(rong)器(qi)對(dui)鋼(gang)材有如下三項(xiang)基本(ben)要求：

1. 高強度(du)

   材(cai)料強度(du)(du)是(shi)保證壓力容(rong)器安全、可(ke)靠使(shi)用的基本條件。高(gao)強度(du)(du)可(ke)以減少材(cai)料用量(liang)，這在經濟上也比較合理。

2. 良好的(de)焊接(jie)性

   壓(ya)(ya)力(li)容(rong)器(qi)的特點決定了焊接是壓(ya)(ya)力(li)容(rong)器(qi)制造(zao)中主要(yao)的連接方法(fa)。這(zhe)使得良好(hao)的焊接性(xing)對保證壓(ya)(ya)力(li)容(rong)器(qi)的安全性(xing)有重(zhong)要(yao)的意義。

3. 良好的沖擊韌性

  通(tong)過對(dui)壓力容(rong)器(qi)(qi)事(shi)故的分析發現，大多(duo)數的事(shi)故原因(yin)是(shi)材(cai)料發生脆(cui)(cui)性斷裂。而良(liang)好的韌性是(shi)防止壓力容(rong)器(qi)(qi)發生脆(cui)(cui)性破壞的重要因(yin)素。