顧名思義，封頭就是容器的兩端的端蓋。所以，封頭一般都是用于與各種筒體的配對后，組成壓力容器。


 封頭(tou)是常壓(ya)及(ji)承(cheng)壓(ya)容器中不可或(huo)缺的零部(bu)件，廣泛用于石油、電子、供暖、化工、醫藥(yao)、污(wu)水處理、輕(qing)紡、食(shi)品、機械、建筑、核電、航空航天、壓(ya)力容器、軍工等行業。


封頭是壓(ya)力容(rong)器(qi)的(de)(de)重要受壓(ya)元件(jian)之一，它不但直接影響(xiang)容(rong)器(qi)的(de)(de)制造質量和成本，而且還影響(xiang)生產裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)和長期運行。常用的(de)(de)裝(zhuang)置有反應壓(ya)力容(rong)器(qi)，熱交換壓(ya)力容(rong)器(qi)，分(fen)離壓(ya)力容(rong)器(qi)，儲存壓(ya)力容(rong)器(qi)等等。


 封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)的種類(lei)繁多，按用途(tu)可分為(wei)承壓(ya)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)和常壓(ya)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)，按形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀可分為(wei)橢圓(yuan)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)、蝶形(xing)(xing)(xing)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)、球冠(guan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)、半球形(xing)(xing)(xing)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)、弓形(xing)(xing)(xing)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)、平(ping)底形(xing)(xing)(xing)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)、錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)等。


 圖4-29是材質為06Cr19Ni10各種規格的標準橢圓形封頭。


圖 29.jpg


 對(dui)于(yu)非對(dui)稱(cheng)形狀的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)件，橢圓(yuan)型(xing)(xing)封頭(tou)和各種型(xing)(xing)式(shi)的(de)(de)罩(zhao)子，可使(shi)用熱沖(chong)壓法進(jin)行加工(gong)(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)。當然，熱沖(chong)壓也適用于(yu)所有對(dui)稱(cheng)形狀的(de)(de)封頭(tou)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)。目前(qian)，使(shi)用的(de)(de)大型(xing)(xing)沖(chong)壓成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)設備的(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)尺(chi)寸范(fan)圍(wei)都較大，能(neng)加工(gong)(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)外徑達(da)29.261m、厚達(da)12.7mm的(de)(de)封頭(tou)。對(dui)某些(xie)尺(chi)寸和形狀，壁厚76.2mm的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)件也可沖(chong)壓成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)。


封(feng)頭(tou)成(cheng)型(xing)常用的(de)方法有沖(chong)壓(ya)成(cheng)型(xing)、旋壓(ya)成(cheng)型(xing)和爆(bao)炸成(cheng)型(xing)。封(feng)頭(tou)沖(chong)壓(ya)成(cheng)型(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)流程：材料(liao)檢(jian)驗→劃線→切(qie)割(ge)下料(liao)→(厚(hou)度≥6mm的(de)坡(po)口加工(gong)）→組裝(zhuang)對焊(han)（焊(han)縫(feng)修磨）→加熱→沖(chong)壓(ya)→余量切(qie)割(ge)→檢(jian)查(cha)驗收。