空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)器（簡稱(cheng)空(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)器）是以環境空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)作為冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)介質，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)高溫工(gong)藝流(liu)體的(de)(de)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)器，也(ye)稱(cheng)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)器。管(guan)內的(de)(de)熱(re)流(liu)體通(tong)過管(guan)壁和翅片與管(guan)外空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)進行(xing)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)，所(suo)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)通(tong)常由通(tong)風機供(gong)給。空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)器可(ke)用(yong)(yong)于冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)或冷(leng)(leng)(leng)凝，廣泛應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)于：煉(lian)油(you)、石油(you)化(hua)工(gong)塔頂蒸(zheng)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)凝；回流(liu)油(you)、塔底油(you)的(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)；各種反應(ying)(ying)生成物(wu)的(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)；循環氣(qi)(qi)體的(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)和電站汽(qi)輪機排氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)凝。工(gong)作壓力(li)可(ke)達(da)69MPa。但耗(hao)電量、噪聲和占地面積(ji)均大，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)效果受氣(qi)(qi)候變化(hua)影響較(jiao)大。空(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)器標準主要有(you)API 661《煉(lian)油(you)廠用(yong)(yong)通(tong)用(yong)(yong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)器》、ISO 13706《石油(you)、石化(hua)和天然氣(qi)(qi)工(gong)業風冷(leng)(leng)(leng)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)器》、GB／T 15386《空(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)器》等。
1. 空氣冷卻器的結構(gou)
空氣冷卻器主(zhu)要由管束(shu)、通風(feng)機、構架及(ji)百葉窗等組成(cheng)，如圖7.12所示。
空(kong)氣冷(leng)卻(que)器管束包括傳(chuan)熱管、管箱、側(ce)梁和(he)橫梁等。它(ta)可按臥(wo)式(shi)、立(li)式(shi)和(he)斜頂式(shi)（人字式(shi)）3種基本形式(shi)布(bu)(bu)(bu)置，見圖(tu)7.13。其中，臥(wo)式(shi)布(bu)(bu)(bu)置傳(chuan)熱面(mian)(mian)積(ji)大，空(kong)氣分(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)均勻，傳(chuan)熱效果好；斜頂式(shi)布(bu)(bu)(bu)置時，通風(feng)機安(an)裝(zhuang)在(zai)人字中央空(kong)間，占(zhan)地面(mian)(mian)積(ji)小(xiao)，結構緊湊。為抵消空(kong)氣側(ce)的給熱系數較(jiao)低的影(ying)響，通常采用(yong)光管外(wai)壁(bi)裝(zhuang)翅片(pian)的管子。
2. 空冷(leng)器(qi)的分(fen)類
①. 按空冷(leng)器(qi)管(guan)束布置形式(shi)分類(lei)：水(shui)平式(shi)全冷(leng)器(qi)；斜頂(ding)式(shi)空冷(leng)器(qi)；立式(shi)空冷(leng)器(qi)；圓環式(shi)空冷(leng)器(qi)。
②. 按(an)空冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)通(tong)(tong)風方式(shi)分類：自(zi)然通(tong)(tong)風式(shi)全冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)；鼓風式(shi)空冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)；引風式(shi)空冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)。
③. 按空冷(leng)器冷(leng)卻(que)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)分類：干式(shi)(shi)全冷(leng)器：濕式(shi)(shi)空冷(leng)器；干濕聯(lian)合空冷(leng)器；兩(liang)側噴淋聯(lian)合空冷(leng)器。
④. 按空冷(leng)器風量控制(zhi)方式(shi)分類：百(bai)葉窗調節式(shi)全冷(leng)器；可變(bian)角調節式(shi)空冷(leng)器；電動機調速式(shi)空冷(leng)器。
圖7.14所示為不同類型空冷器示意(yi)圖。
3. 空(kong)冷器(qi)的優點與缺(que)點
