空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻器(qi)(qi)(qi)（簡稱空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)）是(shi)以環境(jing)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)作為冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻介質，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻高(gao)溫工(gong)藝流體(ti)的(de)(de)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，也稱空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻式換(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。管內的(de)(de)熱(re)流體(ti)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)管壁和翅(chi)片與管外空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進行換(huan)(huan)熱(re)，所(suo)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)(tong)常(chang)由(you)通(tong)(tong)風機(ji)供給。空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻器(qi)(qi)(qi)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻或冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝，廣泛(fan)應用(yong)(yong)于(yu)：煉(lian)油(you)(you)(you)、石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)化工(gong)塔(ta)頂蒸氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝；回流油(you)(you)(you)、塔(ta)底油(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻；各種(zhong)反應生成物的(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻；循環氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)的(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻和電站(zhan)汽輪機(ji)排氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝。工(gong)作壓力可(ke)達69MPa。但耗(hao)電量、噪(zao)聲和占地面積均大，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻效果受氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候變化影(ying)響(xiang)較大。空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)標準主(zhu)要有API 661《煉(lian)油(you)(you)(you)廠用(yong)(yong)通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻換(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)》、ISO 13706《石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)、石(shi)(shi)化和天(tian)然氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)業(ye)風冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)式換(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)》、GB／T 15386《空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)式換(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)》等。
1. 空氣冷卻器的結(jie)構
空氣冷卻(que)器主要由管(guan)束(shu)、通風(feng)機、構(gou)架及百葉(xie)窗等組成，如(ru)圖7.12所示。
空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)冷卻器管(guan)(guan)(guan)束包括傳熱(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)箱、側(ce)(ce)梁(liang)和橫梁(liang)等。它可(ke)按臥(wo)式、立式和斜頂式（人(ren)字式）3種基(ji)本(ben)形式布(bu)(bu)置，見圖7.13。其(qi)中(zhong)，臥(wo)式布(bu)(bu)置傳熱(re)面積大，空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)均勻(yun)，傳熱(re)效果好；斜頂式布(bu)(bu)置時，通風機安裝在人(ren)字中(zhong)央空(kong)(kong)(kong)間，占地面積小，結構(gou)緊(jin)湊。為抵(di)消空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)側(ce)(ce)的給(gei)熱(re)系(xi)數較低的影響(xiang)，通常采(cai)用光管(guan)(guan)(guan)外壁裝翅片的管(guan)(guan)(guan)子。
2. 空(kong)冷器的分類
①. 按空(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)管束(shu)布置形式(shi)分(fen)類(lei)：水平式(shi)全冷(leng)器(qi)；斜(xie)頂(ding)式(shi)空(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)；立(li)式(shi)空(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)；圓環(huan)式(shi)空(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)。
②. 按空冷器(qi)通(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)方式分類：自然通(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)式全冷器(qi)；鼓風(feng)(feng)(feng)式空冷器(qi)；引風(feng)(feng)(feng)式空冷器(qi)。
③. 按空(kong)冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)方式(shi)分類：干式(shi)全冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)(qi)：濕式(shi)空(kong)冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)(qi)；干濕聯(lian)合(he)空(kong)冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)(qi)；兩側噴淋聯(lian)合(he)空(kong)冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)(qi)。
④. 按空(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)(qi)風量控制方(fang)式(shi)分類：百葉(xie)窗調(diao)節式(shi)全冷(leng)器(qi)(qi)；可變角(jiao)調(diao)節式(shi)空(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)(qi)；電動機調(diao)速式(shi)空(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)(qi)。
圖(tu)7.14所示為不(bu)同(tong)類(lei)型空(kong)冷(leng)器示意圖(tu)。
3. 空冷器(qi)的優點與缺點
