空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)器（簡稱空(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)器）是(shi)以環(huan)(huan)境空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)作為冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)介質，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)高溫工(gong)藝流(liu)體(ti)的(de)換(huan)(huan)熱器，也(ye)稱空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)式換(huan)(huan)熱器。管內(nei)的(de)熱流(liu)體(ti)通過管壁(bi)和(he)(he)翅片與管外空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進行換(huan)(huan)熱，所用(yong)的(de)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通常由通風機供給。空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)器可用(yong)于冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)或冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝，廣泛(fan)應用(yong)于：煉油、石(shi)油化工(gong)塔頂蒸氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝；回流(liu)油、塔底油的(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)；各種反應生成物的(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)；循環(huan)(huan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)的(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)和(he)(he)電(dian)站汽輪機排氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝。工(gong)作壓力可達69MPa。但耗電(dian)量(liang)、噪(zao)聲(sheng)和(he)(he)占地面積均大，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)效果受氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候變化影(ying)響(xiang)較大。空(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)器標準主(zhu)要有API 661《煉油廠用(yong)通用(yong)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)換(huan)(huan)熱器》、ISO 13706《石(shi)油、石(shi)化和(he)(he)天然(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)業風冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)式換(huan)(huan)熱器》、GB／T 15386《空(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)式換(huan)(huan)熱器》等。
1. 空氣(qi)冷卻器的結(jie)構
空氣冷卻器主(zhu)要由管束、通風機(ji)、構架(jia)及(ji)百葉(xie)窗等組成，如圖(tu)7.12所(suo)示。
空(kong)氣冷卻器管(guan)(guan)束包括傳熱管(guan)(guan)、管(guan)(guan)箱、側梁和(he)(he)橫(heng)梁等。它可按臥式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、立式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)斜頂式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)（人字(zi)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)）3種基本(ben)形式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)布置(zhi)，見(jian)圖7.13。其中，臥式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)布置(zhi)傳熱面積大，空(kong)氣分布均勻，傳熱效果好；斜頂式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)布置(zhi)時，通(tong)(tong)風(feng)機安(an)裝在(zai)人字(zi)中央空(kong)間(jian)，占地(di)面積小，結構緊湊。為抵(di)消空(kong)氣側的(de)給熱系數較低的(de)影響，通(tong)(tong)常采用(yong)光管(guan)(guan)外壁裝翅(chi)片的(de)管(guan)(guan)子(zi)。
2. 空冷器的分類(lei)
①. 按(an)空冷(leng)(leng)(leng)器管束布置形(xing)式(shi)(shi)分類：水平式(shi)(shi)全冷(leng)(leng)(leng)器；斜頂式(shi)(shi)空冷(leng)(leng)(leng)器；立式(shi)(shi)空冷(leng)(leng)(leng)器；圓(yuan)環式(shi)(shi)空冷(leng)(leng)(leng)器。
②. 按空冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)通(tong)風(feng)方式(shi)分(fen)類：自(zi)然通(tong)風(feng)式(shi)全冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)；鼓風(feng)式(shi)空冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)；引風(feng)式(shi)空冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)。
③. 按(an)空(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)冷(leng)卻方式(shi)分類(lei)：干式(shi)全冷(leng)器(qi)：濕式(shi)空(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)；干濕聯(lian)合空(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)；兩側噴淋聯(lian)合空(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)。
④. 按空冷器風量控(kong)制方式分類：百葉窗調節(jie)式全冷器；可變(bian)角調節(jie)式空冷器；電(dian)動機(ji)調速式空冷器。
圖7.14所示(shi)為(wei)不同類型空冷器示(shi)意圖。
3. 空(kong)冷器(qi)的優點與缺點
