給(gei)排水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統的合(he)理設置及給(gei)排水(shui)(shui)管道(dao)的管材、防腐(fu)、閥門等(deng)的合(he)理選(xuan)擇，防止(zhi)了地(di)下水(shui)(shui)和(he)土壤受到污(wu)染，保證了石(shi)油化(hua)工(gong)企業(ye)安全運行。埋(mai)地(di)給(gei)排水(shui)(shui)管道(dao)用的管材應根據內水(shui)(shui)壓力、流量、環境介質(zhi)及管材材質(zhi)等(deng)綜合(he)因素確定。

 1. 給排水系統

  石化給(gei)(gei)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)一般可(ke)分為(wei)給(gei)(gei)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)和排(pai)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)。給(gei)(gei)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)包括(kuo)生活給(gei)(gei)水(shui)(shui)、生產給(gei)(gei)水(shui)(shui)、循環水(shui)(shui)、消防水(shui)(shui)及回用水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)。排(pai)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)可(ke)分為(wei)含油污水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)、生產污水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)、清凈(jing)雨水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)、生活污水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)等。

   ①. 含油(you)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)系統主要排放(fang)各生產裝置、輔助設施排出的含油(you)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)，含油(you)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)通過排污(wu)(wu)井或漏(lou)斗收集(ji)，重力流進(jin)入隔油(you)池，預處理后由(you)泵提升至廠(chang)區內污(wu)(wu)水(shui)處理場處理達(da)標后排放(fang)。裝置污(wu)(wu)染區15min 前的初期(qi)雨水(shui)也進(jin)入含油(you)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)系統。

   ②. 生產(chan)污(wu)水(shui)系統(tong)(tong)主要排放裝置污(wu)染區15min以后的后期(qi)雨水(shui)，通過明溝收集進入生產(chan)污(wu)水(shui)系統(tong)(tong)，經(jing)泵加壓提升至污(wu)水(shui)處理場處理達標后排放。

   ③. 清凈雨水系(xi)統為廠區道(dao)路雨水，通過管道(dao)收集(ji)后(hou)進入雨水調峰池，經監(jian)測無(wu)污染后(hou)可(ke)直接外排或處(chu)理(li)后(hou)再利用。

   ④. 生(sheng)活污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)來自(zi)廁所、食堂、浴室生(sheng)活污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)，經化糞池(chi)后壓(ya)力排往(wang)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)處理場的生(sheng)化池(chi)。生(sheng)活污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)需單獨收集，個別生(sheng)活污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)需排入生(sheng)產(chan)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)、含(han)油污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)時，在接入前需設(she)(she)水(shui)(shui)封設(she)(she)施，以防止(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的有害(hai)氣體(ti)竄入生(sheng)活設(she)(she)施。

 2. 管材選用

  除生活(huo)給(gei)水(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)室(shi)(shi)內(nei)部分(fen)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)塑料(liao)(liao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外(wai)，其余給(gei)水(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)一般(ban)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)。含(han)油污(wu)(wu)水(shui)、生產污(wu)(wu)水(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)建議采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)輸送(song)流(liu)體用(yong)(yong)(yong)無(wu)縫鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)，也有的(de)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)低壓(ya)流(liu)體輸送(song)用(yong)(yong)(yong)焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。雨水(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)一般(ban)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)球(qiu)磨鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，承插連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)。球(qiu)墨鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)耐腐蝕性(xing)能較(jiao)強、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)壁較(jiao)厚、對(dui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)基礎的(de)要求較(jiao)低、施(shi)工費用(yong)(yong)(yong)低。生活(huo)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)室(shi)(shi)內(nei)部分(fen)一般(ban)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)建筑排水(shui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)PVC-U管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)，粘接(jie)(jie)(jie)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)；室(shi)(shi)外(wai)部分(fen)一般(ban)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)低壓(ya)流(liu)體輸送(song)用(yong)(yong)(yong)焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)，以避免(mian)過(guo)路時(shi)生活(huo)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)被壓(ya)損。鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)骨架增(zeng)強塑料(liao)(liao)復(fu)合管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)作為新型(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)材(cai)(cai)，具有機械強度高、耐溫(wen)性(xing)能好、雙(shuang)面(mian)防腐、節能等優(you)點，適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于絕大部分(fen)石油化工給(gei)埋地(di)排水(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)。常用(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)下管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)見表4.3.32。

 3. 防(fang)腐蝕設(she)計

  給排水管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)外(wai)防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)的好壞直接影響(xiang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)壽命，因此根據實際情況選擇合適防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)方案及等級(ji)是非常重要(yao)的。根據SH／T 3022《石(shi)油(you)化工設(she)備和管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)涂(tu)(tu)料防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)蝕設(she)計標準》，埋地管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)外(wai)防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)可(ke)采用石(shi)油(you)瀝青(qing)漆、環氧煤瀝青(qing)漆、聚(ju)乙(yi)(yi)烯(xi)膠黏帶進行(xing)防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)。石(shi)油(you)瀝青(qing)防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)結構(gou)成(cheng)本低(di)，但(dan)需(xu)在施工現(xian)場(chang)(chang)加(jia)熱(re)石(shi)油(you)瀝青(qing)，且對環境有一(yi)(yi)定的污染(ran)，已漸(jian)漸(jian)淡(dan)出市場(chang)(chang)。聚(ju)乙(yi)(yi)烯(xi)膠黏帶防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)層(ceng)防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)性能(neng)優(you)異，但(dan)其(qi)成(cheng)本高(gao)、施工工藝較復雜(za)、焊縫處(chu)易形成(cheng)空鼓、補口操作(zuo)復雜(za)。環氧煤瀝青(qing)防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)結構(gou)成(cheng)本較聚(ju)乙(yi)(yi)烯(xi)膠黏帶低(di)，具有一(yi)(yi)次成(cheng)膜厚、耐酸堿、施工簡(jian)單等優(you)點，一(yi)(yi)般選用環氧煤瀝青(qing)漆進行(xing)埋地管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)穿井壁(bi)處(chu)需(xu)設(she)置防(fang)(fang)水套管(guan)(guan)(guan)，防(fang)(fang)止管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)泄漏。