給排(pai)水(shui)(shui)系統的合理設(she)置及(ji)給排(pai)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)道的管(guan)(guan)材、防腐(fu)、閥門(men)等的合理選擇，防止了地下水(shui)(shui)和土壤(rang)受到污(wu)染，保證了石油化工企業安全(quan)運行(xing)。埋地給排(pai)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)道用的管(guan)(guan)材應(ying)根據(ju)內水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)力、流量(liang)、環境介質(zhi)及(ji)管(guan)(guan)材材質(zhi)等綜合因素(su)確定。

 1. 給排(pai)水系統

  石(shi)化給(gei)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)般可(ke)分(fen)為給(gei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)和排水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)。給(gei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)包括生(sheng)活(huo)給(gei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)、生(sheng)產給(gei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)、循環(huan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)、消防水(shui)(shui)(shui)及回(hui)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)。排水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)可(ke)分(fen)為含油污水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、生(sheng)產污水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、清凈雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、生(sheng)活(huo)污水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)等(deng)。

   ①. 含(han)(han)油污(wu)(wu)(wu)水系(xi)統(tong)主要排放(fang)(fang)各生產裝置(zhi)、輔助設(she)施排出的(de)(de)含(han)(han)油污(wu)(wu)(wu)水，含(han)(han)油污(wu)(wu)(wu)水通過排污(wu)(wu)(wu)井或漏斗收(shou)集，重力流(liu)進(jin)入隔油池，預處理后由泵提升至(zhi)廠區(qu)內污(wu)(wu)(wu)水處理場處理達標(biao)后排放(fang)(fang)。裝置(zhi)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染區(qu)15min 前的(de)(de)初期雨水也進(jin)入含(han)(han)油污(wu)(wu)(wu)水系(xi)統(tong)。

   ②. 生產污水(shui)(shui)系統主要排放裝置污染區15min以后的后期雨水(shui)(shui)，通(tong)過明溝收集進入生產污水(shui)(shui)系統，經泵(beng)加壓提(ti)升至污水(shui)(shui)處(chu)理場處(chu)理達(da)標(biao)后排放。

   ③. 清凈雨水(shui)系統為(wei)廠區道(dao)路雨水(shui)，通(tong)過管道(dao)收(shou)集后(hou)進入雨水(shui)調(diao)峰(feng)池，經監測無污染后(hou)可直接外(wai)排(pai)或(huo)處(chu)理后(hou)再利用。

   ④. 生(sheng)活污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)系統(tong)來自廁所、食(shi)堂(tang)、浴(yu)室生(sheng)活污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)，經化(hua)糞池后壓(ya)力(li)排往污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)處理場的(de)(de)生(sheng)化(hua)池。生(sheng)活污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)需單獨收(shou)集，個別(bie)生(sheng)活污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)需排入生(sheng)產污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)、含油污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)系統(tong)時，在接(jie)入前需設水(shui)(shui)封設施，以防止生(sheng)產污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)系統(tong)的(de)(de)有害氣體竄入生(sheng)活設施。

 2. 管材選用

  除生(sheng)(sheng)活給(gei)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)室(shi)內部(bu)分(fen)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)塑料(liao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外(wai)(wai)，其余給(gei)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)一般鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，焊(han)(han)接(jie)連接(jie)。含(han)油(you)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)建(jian)議(yi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)輸(shu)送(song)流體用(yong)(yong)(yong)無(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，焊(han)(han)接(jie)連接(jie)，也有的采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)流體輸(shu)送(song)用(yong)(yong)(yong)焊(han)(han)接(jie)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。雨水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)一般采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)球磨鑄鐵(tie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，承插(cha)連接(jie)。球墨鑄鐵(tie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)耐腐蝕性能(neng)(neng)較(jiao)強(qiang)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)壁較(jiao)厚、對(dui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)基礎的要求較(jiao)低(di)、施工(gong)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)低(di)。生(sheng)(sheng)活污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)室(shi)內部(bu)分(fen)一般采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)建(jian)筑排(pai)水(shui)(shui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)PVC-U管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，粘接(jie)連接(jie)；室(shi)外(wai)(wai)部(bu)分(fen)一般采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)流體輸(shu)送(song)用(yong)(yong)(yong)焊(han)(han)接(jie)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，焊(han)(han)接(jie)連接(jie)，以避免過路(lu)時生(sheng)(sheng)活污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)被(bei)壓(ya)(ya)損。鋼(gang)骨(gu)架增強(qiang)塑料(liao)復合管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)作為新型管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)材，具有機械強(qiang)度高(gao)、耐溫性能(neng)(neng)好、雙面防腐、節能(neng)(neng)等優點(dian)，適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)絕大部(bu)分(fen)石油(you)化工(gong)給(gei)埋(mai)地(di)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。常用(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)下管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)材料(liao)的選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)見(jian)表4.3.32。

 3. 防腐蝕設計

  給(gei)排水管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)外(wai)防(fang)(fang)腐的(de)(de)好壞直接影(ying)響管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)壽命，因此根據實際情況選(xuan)擇合適防(fang)(fang)腐方案及等級是非常重(zhong)要的(de)(de)。根據SH／T 3022《石(shi)(shi)油化(hua)工設(she)備和管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)涂料防(fang)(fang)腐蝕設(she)計(ji)標準》，埋地(di)(di)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)外(wai)防(fang)(fang)腐可采用(yong)石(shi)(shi)油瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)漆、環(huan)氧煤(mei)瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)漆、聚(ju)乙(yi)烯(xi)膠黏(nian)帶(dai)進(jin)行(xing)防(fang)(fang)腐。石(shi)(shi)油瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)防(fang)(fang)腐涂層結構成本低，但(dan)需(xu)(xu)在施(shi)工現場加熱石(shi)(shi)油瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)，且對環(huan)境有一(yi)定的(de)(de)污染，已漸(jian)(jian)漸(jian)(jian)淡出市(shi)場。聚(ju)乙(yi)烯(xi)膠黏(nian)帶(dai)防(fang)(fang)腐層防(fang)(fang)腐性(xing)能優異，但(dan)其(qi)成本高、施(shi)工工藝較(jiao)復雜(za)、焊(han)縫處易(yi)形成空鼓、補(bu)口操作復雜(za)。環(huan)氧煤(mei)瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)防(fang)(fang)腐涂層結構成本較(jiao)聚(ju)乙(yi)烯(xi)膠黏(nian)帶(dai)低，具有一(yi)次成膜厚、耐酸(suan)堿、施(shi)工簡單等優點，一(yi)般選(xuan)用(yong)環(huan)氧煤(mei)瀝(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)漆進(jin)行(xing)埋地(di)(di)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)防(fang)(fang)腐。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)穿井壁處需(xu)(xu)設(she)置防(fang)(fang)水套管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，防(fang)(fang)止管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)泄漏。