給(gei)排(pai)水系統的(de)合(he)理設置及給(gei)排(pai)水管(guan)(guan)道的(de)管(guan)(guan)材、防腐、閥(fa)門等(deng)的(de)合(he)理選擇，防止了(le)地(di)(di)下水和土(tu)壤受到污(wu)染，保證(zheng)了(le)石油化工(gong)企業安全(quan)運行。埋地(di)(di)給(gei)排(pai)水管(guan)(guan)道用的(de)管(guan)(guan)材應根據內(nei)水壓力、流量(liang)、環境介質(zhi)及管(guan)(guan)材材質(zhi)等(deng)綜合(he)因(yin)素(su)確定。
1. 給排(pai)水(shui)系統
石化給(gei)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)般(ban)可分(fen)為給(gei)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)和(he)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)。給(gei)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)包括生活(huo)給(gei)水(shui)(shui)、生產給(gei)水(shui)(shui)、循環水(shui)(shui)、消(xiao)防水(shui)(shui)及回用(yong)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)。排(pai)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)可分(fen)為含油(you)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)、生產污(wu)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)、清凈雨水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)、生活(huo)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)等。
①. 含油(you)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)系統(tong)主要排(pai)放(fang)各生產裝(zhuang)置(zhi)、輔助設施排(pai)出的(de)(de)含油(you)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)，含油(you)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)通過排(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)井或漏斗收集，重力流(liu)進入隔(ge)油(you)池，預處理(li)后由泵提升至(zhi)廠區內(nei)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)處理(li)場處理(li)達標后排(pai)放(fang)。裝(zhuang)置(zhi)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)區15min 前的(de)(de)初(chu)期雨水(shui)也進入含油(you)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)系統(tong)。
②. 生產污(wu)(wu)水(shui)系(xi)統(tong)主(zhu)要排(pai)放裝置(zhi)污(wu)(wu)染區(qu)15min以后(hou)的后(hou)期雨水(shui)，通過明溝收(shou)集進入生產污(wu)(wu)水(shui)系(xi)統(tong)，經泵加壓提升至污(wu)(wu)水(shui)處理(li)場處理(li)達標后(hou)排(pai)放。
③. 清凈雨(yu)水(shui)系(xi)統為(wei)廠區(qu)道(dao)路雨(yu)水(shui)，通過管道(dao)收集后(hou)進入(ru)雨(yu)水(shui)調峰池(chi)，經監測(ce)無污染(ran)后(hou)可直接外(wai)排(pai)或(huo)處理后(hou)再(zai)利用。
④. 生(sheng)(sheng)活污(wu)(wu)水系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)來(lai)自(zi)廁(ce)所、食(shi)堂、浴室生(sheng)(sheng)活污(wu)(wu)水，經化糞池(chi)后壓力排(pai)往污(wu)(wu)水處(chu)理場的生(sheng)(sheng)化池(chi)。生(sheng)(sheng)活污(wu)(wu)水需單獨收集(ji)，個(ge)別生(sheng)(sheng)活污(wu)(wu)水需排(pai)入(ru)生(sheng)(sheng)產污(wu)(wu)水、含油(you)污(wu)(wu)水系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)時(shi)，在接(jie)入(ru)前(qian)需設水封設施，以防(fang)止生(sheng)(sheng)產污(wu)(wu)水系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的有害氣體竄入(ru)生(sheng)(sheng)活設施。
2. 管材(cai)選用
除生活(huo)(huo)給(gei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)室(shi)內部(bu)分采(cai)用(yong)塑料(liao)管(guan)(guan)外，其(qi)余(yu)給(gei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)道一(yi)般(ban)(ban)鋼管(guan)(guan)，焊接(jie)(jie)(jie)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)。含油污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)、生產污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)道建議采(cai)用(yong)輸送(song)(song)(song)流(liu)體用(yong)無縫鋼管(guan)(guan)，焊接(jie)(jie)(jie)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)，也有(you)的采(cai)用(yong)低(di)(di)壓流(liu)體輸送(song)(song)(song)用(yong)焊接(jie)(jie)(jie)鋼管(guan)(guan)。雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)道一(yi)般(ban)(ban)采(cai)用(yong)球磨鑄鐵管(guan)(guan)，承(cheng)插(cha)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)。球墨(mo)鑄鐵管(guan)(guan)耐腐蝕(shi)性能較強(qiang)、管(guan)(guan)壁較厚(hou)、對管(guan)(guan)道基(ji)礎的要求(qiu)較低(di)(di)、施工費用(yong)低(di)(di)。生活(huo)(huo)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)道室(shi)內部(bu)分一(yi)般(ban)(ban)采(cai)用(yong)建筑排水(shui)(shui)(shui)用(yong)PVC-U管(guan)(guan)道，粘接(jie)(jie)(jie)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)；室(shi)外部(bu)分一(yi)般(ban)(ban)采(cai)用(yong)低(di)(di)壓流(liu)體輸送(song)(song)(song)用(yong)焊接(jie)(jie)(jie)鋼管(guan)(guan)，焊接(jie)(jie)(jie)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)，以避免(mian)過路(lu)時生活(huo)(huo)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)道被壓損(sun)。鋼骨架增強(qiang)塑料(liao)復合管(guan)(guan)作為(wei)新型(xing)管(guan)(guan)材，具有(you)機械強(qiang)度(du)高、耐溫(wen)性能好、雙面防腐、節能等優點(dian)，適用(yong)于絕大部(bu)分石油化工給(gei)埋地(di)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)道。常用(yong)地(di)下管(guan)(guan)道材料(liao)的選用(yong)見(jian)表4.3.32。
3. 防腐蝕設(she)計
給排(pai)水管道(dao)外防(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)的(de)好壞直接影響管道(dao)壽命，因此(ci)根據實際情況選(xuan)擇(ze)合適防(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)方案及(ji)等級是非常重要的(de)。根據SH／T 3022《石(shi)油(you)化工(gong)(gong)設(she)備和(he)管道(dao)涂料(liao)防(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕設(she)計標準》，埋地(di)管道(dao)外防(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)可(ke)采用石(shi)油(you)瀝(li)(li)青漆(qi)、環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)煤瀝(li)(li)青漆(qi)、聚乙(yi)烯膠(jiao)黏帶進(jin)行(xing)防(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)。石(shi)油(you)瀝(li)(li)青防(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)涂層(ceng)(ceng)結構成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)低(di)，但(dan)(dan)需(xu)在施工(gong)(gong)現(xian)場加(jia)熱石(shi)油(you)瀝(li)(li)青，且對環(huan)(huan)境有(you)一(yi)定的(de)污染，已漸(jian)漸(jian)淡出市場。聚乙(yi)烯膠(jiao)黏帶防(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)層(ceng)(ceng)防(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)性能優異，但(dan)(dan)其成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)高、施工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝較復(fu)雜、焊(han)縫(feng)處易形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)空鼓、補(bu)口(kou)操作(zuo)復(fu)雜。環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)煤瀝(li)(li)青防(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)涂層(ceng)(ceng)結構成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)較聚乙(yi)烯膠(jiao)黏帶低(di)，具有(you)一(yi)次成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)膜(mo)厚、耐酸堿、施工(gong)(gong)簡單(dan)等優點，一(yi)般(ban)選(xuan)用環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)煤瀝(li)(li)青漆(qi)進(jin)行(xing)埋地(di)管道(dao)防(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)。管道(dao)穿井壁處需(xu)設(she)置防(fang)水套管，防(fang)止管道(dao)泄漏。
