管道工程中常用的有(you)色(se)金(jin)屬（Non-ferrous Metal）有(you)銅、鋁、鉛(qian)和鋅等。
1. 銅(tong)（Copper）
銅又分純銅（俗(su)稱(cheng)紫銅）、黃銅和青(qing)銅等。有(you)關銅管的標準規范(fan)包(bao)括 ASTM B42、ASTM B43、ASTM B315、ASTM B466、ASTM B467，有(you)關銅管件(jian)的標準規范(fan)有(you)ASMEB16.24、ASME B16.22、ASME B16.15、ASME B16.18等。
a. 純(chun)銅（Copper）
純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)呈紫紅(hong)色，有良好的(de)導電性(xing)(xing)(xing)、導熱性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)耐大氣腐蝕性(xing)(xing)(xing)，熔點為1083℃。在管(guan)(guan)(guan)道工程中常用(yong)(yong)純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)制成(cheng)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)法蘭墊(dian)片。因純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)硬度(du)較(jiao)低，退火后變得更柔軟，故(gu)常用(yong)(yong)來制作(zuo)高壓管(guan)(guan)(guan)道中 的(de)法蘭墊(dian)片。純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)低溫性(xing)(xing)(xing)能比鋼(gang)材好，故(gu)純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)常用(yong)(yong)于空(kong)分設備管(guan)(guan)(guan)道、冷凍管(guan)(guan)(guan)道和(he)儀表管(guan)(guan)(guan)道。純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)高溫性(xing)(xing)(xing)能差，在120℃以下，允許抗(kang)拉強(qiang)度(du)為29.43MPa。溫度(du)若(ruo)再升高，其機械強(qiang)度(du)則急劇下降，當溫度(du)上(shang)升至250℃時，其允許抗(kang)拉強(qiang)度(du)只相當于常溫時的(de)2/3，已不宜在壓力下使用(yong)(yong)。
常用(yong)的(de)純銅牌號為T2、T3、T4，雜質含量T2最少，T4最多。
b. 黃(huang)銅（Brass）
黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)是銅(tong)和鋅(xin)的(de)(de)合金(jin)，其機械強度(du)(du)高，有較好的(de)(de)耐腐(fu)蝕性(xing)和澆鑄性(xing)，可用(yong)來制作管(guan)子、管(guan)件和閥(fa)門(men)等(deng)。化工上常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)有H80、H68、H62（“H”是黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)代(dai)號，后(hou)邊(bian)的(de)(de)數字表示合金(jin)中(zhong)(zhong)銅(tong)的(de)(de)平(ping)均含量）。H80比H68塑(su)性(xing)好。進行強度(du)(du)計算時，在120℃以下(xia)，黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)允許抗(kang)拉強度(du)(du)為29.43MPa。隨著溫度(du)(du)升高，其強度(du)(du)則急劇下(xia)降，當溫度(du)(du)未超過(guo)225℃時，黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)閥(fa)件可用(yong)在壓力不超過(guo)1.6MPa的(de)(de)管(guan)道中(zhong)(zhong)。
c. 青銅（Bronze）
青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)是銅(tong)(tong)和錫(xi)的合金，又稱錫(xi)青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)。由于(yu)錫(xi)的價格(ge)較高(gao)，故(gu)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)也常(chang)用(yong)其他元素代替，因而又有無錫(xi)青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)，如(ru)鋁青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)、鉛青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)、硅青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)等。青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)通常(chang)由澆鑄(zhu)而成，其強度、硬(ying)度及(ji)耐腐(fu)蝕(shi)性都比(bi)黃銅(tong)(tong)好(hao)。青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)常(chang)用(yong)于(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)蝸輪、齒輪、輪，以及(ji)管道工(gong)程中的閥件和管件等。
2. 鋁（Aluminum）
鋁的熔點為(wei)(wei)527℃，它具有(you)良好的導熱性(xing)和導電性(xing)，強度(du)和硬(ying)度(du)較低(di)，可塑(su)性(xing)好。鋁容易氧化(hua)，在空(kong)氣中，鋁的表(biao)面能(neng)形成一層極薄(bo)的氧化(hua)鋁保護(hu)膜(mo)，防止繼續氧化(hua)。鋁合金(jin)薄(bo)板(ban)常作為(wei)(wei)壓力(li)管道絕熱工程的管子、塔、罐、換熱器、閥(fa)門、法蘭(lan)以及其(qi)他(ta)平(ping)壁設備保護(hu)層材料(liao)。
純鋁(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)強度(du)(du)和硬度(du)(du)雖然很低，但(dan)若加入其他(ta)元素可以提高(gao)(gao)。鋁(lv)(lv)合(he)金(jin)分為鑄造鋁(lv)(lv)合(he)金(jin)和可壓迫變形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)鋁(lv)(lv)合(he)金(jin)兩大(da)類。管(guan)道工(gong)程中(zhong)，常用L2和L3牌號的(de)(de)(de)鋁(lv)(lv)管(guan)輸(shu)送硝酸(suan)和醋酸(suan)等，但(dan)是鋁(lv)(lv)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)抵抗(kang)堿性腐蝕。當溫(wen)度(du)(du)高(gao)(gao)于150℃時，鋁(lv)(lv)管(guan)不(bu)(bu)宜用于壓力管(guan)道。鋁(lv)(lv)和鋁(lv)(lv)合(he)金(jin)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)標準(zhun)規范有ASTM B241、ASTM B26、ASTM B108、ASTM B209、ASTM B210、ASTM B211、ASTM
B221、ASTMI B234、ASTM B247 以及 ASME B31.3的“附錄(lu)L-鋁合(he)金管法蘭”。
3. 鉛（Lead）
鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)是一種暗灰(hui)色(se)的(de)(de)金屬，熔點為327℃，它有(you)很好(hao)的(de)(de)耐腐蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing)能，常(chang)用(yong)來制(zhi)作(zuo)硫(liu)酸設(she)備和管(guan)道(dao)襯里。鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)質軟(ruan)，可(ke)塑性(xing)(xing)好(hao)，管(guan)道(dao)工(gong)程中常(chang)用(yong)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)管(guan)。在(zai)安裝鑄(zhu)鐵管(guan)承插口時，常(chang)用(yong)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)作(zuo)為接口填塞材料，以牌號(hao)為Pb-6的(de)(de)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)較適(shi)宜。硬(ying)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)是鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)和銻的(de)(de)合(he)金，它的(de)(de)抗腐蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing)略低于(yu)純鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，但機械強度較高，常(chang)用(yong)于(yu)制(zhi)造耐酸設(she)備。鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)蒸(zheng)氣有(you)毒(du)，故熔化鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)時，要(yao)防止燙傷和鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)中毒(du)。在(zai)化工(gong)行業中，鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)主要(yao)用(yong)在(zai)處理(li)硫(liu)酸的(de)(de)設(she)備上。Pb-4用(yong)于(yu)設(she)備內襯，Pb-6用(yong)于(yu)管(guan)道(dao)接頭(tou)，硬(ying)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)可(ke)制(zhi)造硫(liu)酸工(gong)業用(yong)的(de)(de)泵、閥門(men)、管(guan)道(dao)等。
4. 鋅（Zinc）
鋅(xin)呈淺灰色，熔(rong)點(dian)為(wei)419℃，它有較好的(de)耐(nai)腐蝕性(xing)和力學性(xing)能。有些(xie)鋼管和管件為(wei)增強耐(nai)腐蝕性(xing)能，常(chang)在表面(mian)鍍(du)一層鋅(xin)，如室內給水(shui)工程中常(chang)用的(de)鍍(du)鋅(xin)管。
