銅(tong)(tong)(tong)合金具有較高的(de)(de)強度和塑(su)性(xing)，具有高的(de)(de)彈性(xing)極限和疲勞(lao)極限，同時(shi)還具有較好(hao)的(de)(de)耐(nai)蝕性(xing)、抗堿性(xing)及優(you)良的(de)(de)減摩性(xing)和耐(nai)磨性(xing)。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)又(you)分純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)（俗稱紫銅(tong)(tong)(tong)）、黃銅(tong)(tong)(tong)和青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)等。


1. 純(chun)銅


  純(chun)銅面呈紫紅(hong)色(se)，有良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)導(dao)電性、導(dao)熱性和耐大氣腐蝕性，熔點為1083℃。在管(guan)道(dao)工(gong)程中(zhong)常(chang)用(yong)純(chun)銅制成(cheng)鋼(gang)管(guan)和法(fa)(fa)蘭墊(dian)片(pian)。因(yin)純(chun)銅硬度(du)(du)較低，退火后變得(de)更柔(rou)軟，故常(chang)用(yong)作(zuo)高壓管(guan)道(dao)中(zhong)的(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)蘭墊(dian)片(pian)。純(chun)銅管(guan)的(de)(de)低溫(wen)(wen)性能(neng)比鋼(gang)材(cai)好(hao)，故純(chun)銅管(guan)常(chang)用(yong)于(yu)空分設(she)備(bei)管(guan)道(dao)、冷(leng)凍管(guan)道(dao)和儀(yi)表管(guan)道(dao)。純(chun)銅的(de)(de)高溫(wen)(wen)性能(neng)差，在120℃以下(xia)，容許(xu)抗拉(la)強度(du)(du)為29.43MPa。溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)若(ruo)再升高，其(qi)機械(xie)強度(du)(du)則急(ji)劇下(xia)降，當(dang)(dang)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)上(shang)升至250℃時，其(qi)容許(xu)抗拉(la)強度(du)(du)只相當(dang)(dang)于(yu)常(chang)溫(wen)(wen)時的(de)(de)2／3，已不(bu)宜在壓力下(xia)使(shi)用(yong)。常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)純(chun)銅牌號為T2、T3、T4，雜質含量T2最少，T4最多(duo)。


2. 黃銅(tong)(H)(brass)(H）


  黃銅(tong)(tong)(tong)是銅(tong)(tong)(tong)和鋅的合金(jin)，其機械(xie)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)高，有(you)較好的耐(nai)腐蝕性(xing)(xing)和澆鑄性(xing)(xing)，可用來制(zhi)作管(guan)子、管(guan)件(jian)和閥門等。化工(gong)上(shang)常用的有(you)H80、H68、H62（“H”是黃銅(tong)(tong)(tong)代號，后邊的數字表(biao)示(shi)合金(jin)中(zhong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)的平均含量）。H80比(bi)H68塑性(xing)(xing)好。作強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)計算時(shi)，在(zai)120℃以下(xia)，黃銅(tong)(tong)(tong)容(rong)許(xu)抗拉強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)為(wei)29.43MPa。隨著(zhu)溫度(du)升高，其強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)則急(ji)劇下(xia)降(jiang)，當(dang)溫度(du)沒超(chao)過225℃時(shi)，黃銅(tong)(tong)(tong)閥件(jian)可用在(zai)壓力不(bu)超(chao)過1.6MPa的管(guan)道中(zhong)。


3. 青銅（bronze）（Q）


  青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)是銅(tong)(tong)(tong)和錫(xi)(xi)的合金，又稱錫(xi)(xi)青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)。由于錫(xi)(xi)的價格較高，故制造(zao)青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)也常(chang)用(yong)其(qi)他元素代替，因而又有無錫(xi)(xi)青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)，如鋁青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)、鉛(qian)青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)、硅青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)等。青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)通常(chang)由澆鑄而成，其(qi)強度、硬(ying)度及耐腐(fu)蝕性(xing)都比黃銅(tong)(tong)(tong)好(hao)。青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)用(yong)于制造(zao)蝸(gua)輪、齒(chi)輪、輪，以及管道(dao)工程中的閥件和管件等。


  例如，制冷系統(tong)空調器用(yong)銅配管(guan)的(de)材(cai)料(liao)為磷脫氧(yang)無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)拉制銅管(guan)，牌(pai)號為TP2（GB／T 5231），供應狀態有M（軟）、Y（硬），材(cai)料(liao)標記方(fang)(fang)法分(fen)別(bie)為TP2M，TP2Y。對(dui)應日本牌(pai)號分(fen)別(bie)為C1220T-OL，C1220-H。要求使用(yong)內表面(mian)無(wu)(wu)氧(yang)化的(de)光(guang)亮(liang)管(guan)。其(qi)直徑、壁厚可參照GB／T 1804。其(qi)化學成分(fen)分(fen)析方(fang)(fang)法按GB／T 5121進行(xing)，性能可按GB／T 228、GB／T 242、GB／T 246。