本次GB/T 4334標準的修訂，將標準名稱變更為《金屬和合金的腐蝕 奧氏體及雙相(鐵素體-奧氏體)不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》，通過名稱明確了上述體系中各標準的適用范圍，便于使用和實施。同時，廢除了方法D—不銹鋼硝酸-氫氟酸腐蝕試驗方法，增加了方法F—銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸腐蝕試驗方法和方法G—40%硫酸-硫酸鐵腐蝕試驗方法，修改了敏化制度和彎曲實驗參數等技術指標。通過本次修訂，提高了不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法標準的科學性、經濟性和實用性，有助于指導和規范高鉻鉬奧氏體不銹鋼及雙相不銹鋼生產和驗收，有助于提高我國不銹鋼(gang)產品的技術性能、安全可靠性及環保性能。 前不久，由冶金工業信息標準研究院組織的GB/T 4334《金屬和合金的腐蝕不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》等兩項國家標準和一項國家標準外文版審定會在江蘇無錫順利召開。經過兩輪會議評審的GB/T 4334確定了最終的送審稿。私作為該分技術委員會的委員，全程參與了該標準的修訂過程，下面就為各位提前“劇透”下更新版的主要修改內容。“劇透”的主要目的是為了向小伙伴們闡明專家組對于各修訂之處的原因和意圖，便于大家更好地理解更新版標準的改動之處。預計更新版標準將于2020年正式發布實施，希望屆時都能夠更好地執行。

1. 淘汰落(luo)后的(de)硝酸-氫氟酸法   

  我國(guo)(guo)GB/T 4334-2008中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)D法(fa)——不(bu)銹鋼硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)-氫(qing)(qing)氟(fu)(fu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)試(shi)(shi)驗法(fa)最早于1984年修改采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)自日(ri)本(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)JIS G 0574-1980。美(mei)國(guo)(guo)ASTM A262的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)早期版(ban)(ban)本(ben)(ben)中也(ye)(ye)包含(han)了(le)(le)硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)-氫(qing)(qing)氟(fu)(fu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)法(fa)，但在1993年以后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)版(ban)(ban)本(ben)(ben)中此(ci)法(fa)遭到淘汰，隨后日(ri)本(ben)(ben)也(ye)(ye)廢除了(le)(le)JIS G 0574，因此(ci)當(dang)前其他(ta)各國(guo)(guo)標準中均無此(ci)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)。硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)-氫(qing)(qing)氟(fu)(fu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)法(fa)具有(you)如下特點：不(bu)銹鋼在此(ci)試(shi)(shi)驗溶液中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐蝕電(dian)位處(chu)在活化-鈍化區，因此(ci)會(hui)伴有(you)嚴重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)面腐蝕。所以，試(shi)(shi)樣必須采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)參照試(shi)(shi)樣，借助(zhu)腐蝕速率(lv)比值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)評定(ding)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)來篩(shai)除全(quan)面腐蝕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)干擾影(ying)響。此(ci)外(wai)，試(shi)(shi)驗時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度為(wei)70°C而(er)(er)不(bu)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)沸騰，控制相對不(bu)便；試(shi)(shi)驗溶液含(han)有(you)劇毒的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氫(qing)(qing)氟(fu)(fu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)，不(bu)能使(shi)用(yong)(yong)常規的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)玻(bo)璃容(rong)器(qi)，而(er)(er)需采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)耐硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)和氫(qing)(qing)氟(fu)(fu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)腐蝕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特制塑(su)料(liao)容(rong)器(qi)，這些因素都在一定(ding)程度上(shang)影(ying)響了(le)(le)該(gai)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)，導(dao)致該(gai)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)幾乎從(cong)未被廣泛使(shi)用(yong)(yong)過(guo)。由于硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)-氫(qing)(qing)氟(fu)(fu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這些特點，這一方(fang)(fang)法(fa)在國(guo)(guo)標GB/T 4334-2008中名存實亡，因此(ci)更新(xin)版(ban)(ban)標準將該(gai)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)廢除。

2. 新增兩個實驗方法使適用范圍(wei)進一步(bu)擴大   

  GB/T 4334-2008修改采用自ISO 3651-1,3651-2。但是只保留了ISO 3651-1中的硝酸法和ISO 3651-2中A法——銅-硫酸銅-16%硫酸法。而對于ISO 3651-2中B 法——銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法則并未納入，此外，GB/T 4334-2008方法B名義上由ISO 3651-2中C法變更而來，實際相對于早期版本并無實質變化。GB/T 4334 的早期版本GB/T 4334.1~5-1980 和GB/T 4334.1~5-2000 最早非等效采用日本標準JIS G 0571~0575。而在1999年，日本對這幾個標準進行了較大的修改，由原先的ASTM體系逐漸向ISO體系靠攏。JIS G 0575-1999在原先銅-硫酸銅-16%硫酸法的基礎上，增加了銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法，JIS G 0572-2006將原來與ASTM A262中B法等同的50%硫酸-硫酸鐵法變更成與ISO等效的40%硫酸-硫酸鐵法。這兩項變化使日本晶間腐蝕標準的適用范圍得到了較大的擴展，即適用范圍由僅適用于奧氏體不銹鋼進一步擴大到了雙相不銹鋼。但我國標準從2000版到2008 版內容卻無實質變化。根據GB/T 4334-2008的前言所述，與相應ISO標準相比，本標準方法C的適用范圍不包括雙相不銹鋼；方法B適用范圍不包括鐵素體不銹鋼。但實際上，在GB/T 4334-2008正文的第一章“范圍”中，方法A、B、C和D所明確指定的適用范圍都僅局限于奧氏體不銹鋼。在GB/T 4334-2008中，僅方法E明確指出“適用于奧氏體、奧氏體-鐵素體不銹鋼…”。這種情況下，對于雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試樣方法選擇范圍過于單一。此外，GB/T 4334-2008在方法A中列出了一些不銹鋼牌號所適用的晶間腐蝕試驗方法，這些牌號都是Cr含量全部低于20%的300系不銹鋼。對于Cr、Mo含量更高的奧氏體不銹鋼以及雙相不銹鋼都沒有相應的說明，這在我國超級不銹鋼發展日益成熟的今天顯然有些過時。硫酸-硫酸銅法中決定其腐蝕性的主要是硫酸濃度，對于用在不太惡劣環境下的300系不銹鋼，如304不銹鋼、316不銹鋼等，16%的硫酸-硫酸銅法已被廣泛證明是合適的。但是，對用于更惡劣環境下的高鉻、鉬不銹鋼，采用16%的硫酸-硫酸銅法檢驗晶間腐蝕的結果往往與工程實際不符合。此時，一般應選用更高濃度的硫酸。美、日、俄及ISO標準中都包含了更高濃度的硫酸-硫酸銅法，鑒于我國超級不銹鋼使用的日益廣泛，將更高濃度的硫酸法納入標準已顯得非常迫切。 當前，由于我國標準體系在高鉻鉬含量不銹鋼及雙相不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法方面的不夠完善，導致國內部分不銹鋼產品在晶間腐蝕檢驗時面臨無相關國家標準可依的窘境，而只能選用國際標準。例如，針對雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕檢驗，GB/T 21433-2008《不銹鋼壓力容器晶間腐蝕敏感性檢驗》就不得不引用了ISO 3651-(1~2)。 鑒于近年來不銹鋼產業在我國的迅猛發展，將適用于高鉻鉬含量奧氏體不銹鋼及雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試驗方法納入不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試驗標準顯得日益迫切。結合國外標準及我國對晶間腐蝕試驗方法的使用情況，本次標準的修訂將在GB/T 4334-2008的基礎上增加銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法及40%硫酸-硫酸鐵法。

3. 對取(qu)樣和制備、試(shi)驗報告進行(xing)了部分(fen)調整   

   GB/T 31935-2015及(ji)(ji)GB/T 32571-2016內容中關于(yu)“取(qu)樣(yang)和(he)(he)制(zhi)備”及(ji)(ji)“試(shi)驗(yan)報(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)”部分(fen)(fen)參考了(le)(le)GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)，并同(tong)(tong)時(shi)進行了(le)(le)很好的(de)(de)改進，體(ti)現了(le)(le)“先進性(xing)、科學性(xing)和(he)(he)合理性(xing)”；本次GB/T 4334的(de)(de)修訂在“取(qu)樣(yang)和(he)(he)制(zhi)備”及(ji)(ji)“試(shi)驗(yan)報(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)”部分(fen)(fen)與上(shang)述兩(liang)(liang)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)進行了(le)(le)適當(dang)的(de)(de)等同(tong)(tong)，既(ji)保(bao)證了(le)(le)本標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)先進性(xing)，同(tong)(tong)時(shi)又(you)使不(bu)同(tong)(tong)類型不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼的(de)(de)晶(jing)間腐(fu)蝕試(shi)驗(yan)取(qu)樣(yang)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)得到了(le)(le)統一。此外(wai)，對(dui)于(yu)彎曲(qu)法的(de)(de)取(qu)樣(yang)根據GB/T 4338-2008標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)在實際(ji)使用過(guo)程中遇到的(de)(de)問(wen)題以及(ji)(ji)多方意見增加了(le)(le)附注，即“對(dui)于(yu)較厚(hou)的(de)(de)試(shi)樣(yang)，若無(wu)法彎曲(qu)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)被(bei)檢驗(yan)面，則可(ke)取(qu)兩(liang)(liang)組(zu)各兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)試(shi)樣(yang)。取(qu)樣(yang)時(shi)標(biao)(biao)記(ji)出(chu)各試(shi)樣(yang)相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)某一樣(yang)面。試(shi)驗(yan)后，兩(liang)(liang)組(zu)試(shi)樣(yang)分(fen)(fen)別彎曲(qu)被(bei)標(biao)(biao)記(ji)面和(he)(he)未標(biao)(biao)記(ji)面”，增加了(le)(le)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)實用性(xing)和(he)(he)可(ke)操(cao)作性(xing)。 

4. 對敏化制度進行(xing)了部(bu)分(fen)調(diao)整   

   早期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)腐蝕(shi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)為(wei)(wei)美(mei)、俄兩(liang)個(ge)體系(xi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)，其(qi)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)當時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)均為(wei)(wei) 2h，20世紀(ji)70年代(dai)(dai)后(hou)均改為(wei)(wei)1h，說明(ming)(ming)2h偏長。根據合(he)肥通(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)機(ji)械研(yan)究(jiu)院的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)量試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)分析，8mm左右厚度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)18-8鋼板，正常(chang)焊條(tiao)(tiao)電弧焊試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)腐蝕(shi)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)程度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)大(da)約(yue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)超(chao)過(guo)鋼板試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)經650°C敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)15min的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)腐蝕(shi)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)程度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。所以一(yi)(yi)般認為(wei)(wei)GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)650°C保溫(wen)(wen)兩(liang)小時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)是(shi)相對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)較嚴苛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，該參(can)數最早也源(yuan)自日(ri)本JIS G 0571~0575-1980。但(dan)日(ri)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)1999年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)訂版(ban)(ban)(ban)中(zhong)(zhong)就將(jiang)(jiang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)與ISO進行(xing)了(le)等同(tong)，從而(er)(er)將(jiang)(jiang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)大(da)大(da)縮短了(le)。GB/T 4334.2-2000、GB/T 4334.3-2000、GB/T 4334.4-2000對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)低碳和穩定(ding)化(hua)(hua)(hua)奧(ao)氏體不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹鋼的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出規(gui)(gui)定(ding)后(hou)，都(dou)另外說明(ming)(ming)“根據雙(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)協議，也可以用(yong)(yong)(yong)其(qi)他敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)理制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)”，而(er)(er)在(zai)(zai)(zai)GB/T 4334.1-2000和GB/T 4334.5-2000中(zhong)(zhong)，卻沒有(you)關于協商(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)(tiao)款(kuan)。到(dao)了(le)GB/T 4334-2008版(ban)(ban)(ban)中(zhong)(zhong)，則把所有(you)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)統一(yi)(yi)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)為(wei)(wei)“對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)超(chao)低碳鋼（碳含量不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)于0.03%）和穩定(ding)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鋼種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（添(tian)加鈦或鈮），敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)理制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)650℃，壓力加工試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)保溫(wen)(wen)2h，鑄件保溫(wen)(wen)1 h，空(kong)冷。”而(er)(er)無供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)(xu)(xu)雙(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)協商(shang)(shang)(shang)條(tiao)(tiao)款(kuan)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于這一(yi)(yi)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)，從各(ge)工業企業反饋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意見來(lai)看(kan)，普遍(bian)認為(wei)(wei)這一(yi)(yi)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)限(xian)定(ding)過(guo)于死板，導致(zhi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)沒有(you)任何(he)調整空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。而(er)(er)實際上(shang)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)牌號、不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)合(he)金(jin)含量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹鋼，其(qi)第二相析出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)感溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)是(shi)有(you)差異的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，將(jiang)(jiang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)限(xian)定(ding)在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)固定(ding)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)顯(xian)然不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠合(he)理，美(mei)國ASTM A262標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范(fan)圍為(wei)(wei)650~675°C，同(tong)時(shi)也允(yun)許供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)(xu)(xu)雙(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)協商(shang)(shang)(shang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)及隨后(hou)冷卻方(fang)(fang)(fang)式，ISO及日(ri)本JIS標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)也提(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)了(le)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇(ze)。可以說，將(jiang)(jiang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)嚴格限(xian)定(ding)在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)明(ming)(ming)顯(xian)地違背了(le)科學(xue)性(xing)原則。 可以看(kan)到(dao)： (1) ASTM A262僅強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)650~675°C，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和冷卻方(fang)(fang)(fang)式不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，但(dan)是(shi)推(tui)薦(jian)了(le)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，即(ji) 675°C，保溫(wen)(wen)1h； (2) ISO 3651-2提(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)了(le)兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)選(xuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)及冷卻方(fang)(fang)(fang)式均做出了(le)明(ming)(ming)確規(gui)(gui)定(ding)； (3) JIS G 0575推(tui)薦(jian)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)ISO 3651-2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，但(dan)特別說明(ming)(ming)“經供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)(xu)(xu)雙(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)協商(shang)(shang)(shang)，可以采用(yong)(yong)(yong)其(qi)他敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)”； (4) GB/T 4334-2008強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)執行(xing)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，即(ji)“650°C，壓力加試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)保溫(wen)(wen)2h，鑄件保溫(wen)(wen)1h，空(kong)冷”。 此外，美(mei)國ASTM A262在(zai)(zai)(zai)銅(tong)-硫酸銅(tong)-16%硫酸法(fa)中(zhong)(zhong)，特別說明(ming)(ming)除非(fei)需(xu)(xu)(xu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)特別聲(sheng)明(ming)(ming)，否則可以使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)ISO 3651-2中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)A法(fa)替代(dai)(dai)本法(fa)，同(tong)時(shi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)ISO標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，這表(biao)明(ming)(ming) ASTM標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)ISO標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)也是(shi)認可的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因此，針對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)晶間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)腐蝕(shi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)理制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)更新版(ban)(ban)(ban)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)再作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，考慮到(dao)國內長期(qi)以來(lai)一(yi)(yi)些設計選(xuan)材對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連續性(xing)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)奧(ao)氏體不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹鋼維持推(tui)薦(jian)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)GB/T 4334-2008版(ban)(ban)(ban)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)；對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于雙(shuang)(shuang)相不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹鋼，已有(you)大(da)量試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)和研(yan)究(jiu)表(biao)明(ming)(ming)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)GB/T 4334-2008版(ban)(ban)(ban)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)往(wang)往(wang)造成試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非(fei)晶間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)腐蝕(shi)開裂，從而(er)(er)增加大(da)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鑒定(ding)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)量，因此我們推(tui)薦(jian)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)范(fan)圍更加廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)ISO3651-2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于其(qi)他不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹鋼，則規(gui)(gui)定(ding)“試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)是(shi)否需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)理和采取何(he)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)理制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，由產品標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)或供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)(xu)(xu)雙(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)協商(shang)(shang)(shang)確定(ding)”。

5. 對65%硝酸法所用硝酸濃度添加(jia)注釋說明   

   此前研(yan)究(jiu)表(biao)明，硝酸(suan)(suan)(suan)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)對(dui)試驗結果(guo)影響較大。對(dui)于(yu)(yu)硝酸(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)配制(zhi)，老版標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)有專門說(shuo)明。如果(guo)按要求配制(zhi)65%±0.2%確(que)實比(bi)較困難，需要通過滴定來配制(zhi)，對(dui)于(yu)(yu)企業來說(shuo)存在(zai)困難。更(geng)新版標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)將在(zai)文(wen)末添加(jia)“（ρ20=1.40g/mL）”以表(biao)示可以采用(yong)比(bi)重法(fa)(fa)間接測(ce)定所(suo)(suo)配溶液濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)是否符(fu)合要求。 此外，從該方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)溶液配制(zhi)過程(cheng)反饋的(de)(de)情況看，有些(xie)企業和單位會參(can)照美(mei)(mei)國ASTM A262中的(de)(de)配制(zhi)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)（比(bi)率為每升濃(nong)(nong)(nong)硝酸(suan)(suan)(suan)添加(jia)108mL水）配制(zhi)。但(dan)這在(zai)我(wo)國國情下(xia)是不可取的(de)(de)。美(mei)(mei)標(biao)的(de)(de)配制(zhi)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)本身沒(mei)有問題(ti)，問題(ti)在(zai)于(yu)(yu)所(suo)(suo)用(yong)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)硝酸(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)并不相同。國際標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)ISO和美(mei)(mei)國ASTM標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)中對(dui)于(yu)(yu)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)硝酸(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)規(gui)(gui)定是69%~71%;而我(wo)國GB/T 626中對(dui)于(yu)(yu)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)硝酸(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)規(gui)(gui)定為65%~68%。即所(suo)(suo)用(yong)的(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)硝酸(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)初始濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)就不一致，如果(guo)使用(yong)我(wo)國生產(chan)的(de)(de)符(fu)合GB/T 626的(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)硝酸(suan)(suan)(suan)去(qu)按照美(mei)(mei)國ASTM A626中的(de)(de)配制(zhi)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)配出的(de)(de)硝酸(suan)(suan)(suan)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)將明顯(xian)低于(yu)(yu)65%。遂在(zai)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)更(geng)新版中添加(jia)一了段注(zhu)釋：“本標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)所(suo)(suo)用(yong)硝酸(suan)(suan)(suan)（質量(liang)分數(shu)65%~68%），與美(mei)(mei)國ASTM A262所(suo)(suo)用(yong)硝酸(suan)(suan)(suan)（質量(liang)分數(shu)69%~71%）不同，不能采用(yong)ASTM A262所(suo)(suo)規(gui)(gui)定硝酸(suan)(suan)(suan)溶液的(de)(de)配制(zhi)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)來配制(zhi)本標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)用(yong)65%硝酸(suan)(suan)(suan)溶液。”

6. 對彎曲法的參數(shu)進行了(le)修改   

   GB/T 4334自從(cong)第(di)一(yi)(yi)版(ban)以(yi)來(lai)(lai)，就有(you)行(xing)業專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)中銅(tong)-硫酸銅(tong)-16%硫酸法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)相比國(guo)外過(guo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)嚴(yan)苛(ke)，導(dao)致(zhi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)此(ci)參(can)(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爭議一(yi)(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)。GB/T 4334-2008對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)如(ru)下：“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)和(he)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180°，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)舟(zhou)形試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)沿(yan)垂(chui)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)縫方(fang)向進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)沿(yan)熔(rong)合線進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。鑄(zhu)(zhu)鋼件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)90°。試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)，當(dang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)不大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1mm時，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1mm；當(dang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1mm時，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)5mm。”這一(yi)(yi)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)最早(zao)沿(yan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)自GB 4334.5-1990。當(dang)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)識(shi)是(shi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果影響(xiang)(xiang)較(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)便而(er)(er)統一(yi)(yi)成兩個(ge)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)。 然而(er)(er)，近年來(lai)(lai)無論是(shi)理論計算還是(shi)實際實驗(yan)(yan)都(dou)表明(ming)(ming)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果有(you)很大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)(xiang)。尤其(qi)是(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)較(jiao)(jiao)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)且本(ben)身塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)差(cha)(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)會出現試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)冷(leng)塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)差(cha)(cha)(cha)而(er)(er)導(dao)致(zhi)開(kai)裂(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，從(cong)而(er)(er)增加(jia)了(le)大(da)(da)(da)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金相檢測工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。例(li)如(ru)大(da)(da)(da)量實驗(yan)(yan)研究表明(ming)(ming)，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)本(ben)身較(jiao)(jiao)差(cha)(cha)(cha)，即(ji)使(shi)不經晶(jing)間(jian)腐(fu)蝕(shi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，許多材(cai)(cai)料稍厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空白(bai)(bai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)按(an)GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)到180°也(ye)(ye)會由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)冷(leng)變(bian)形超過(guo)其(qi)塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)而(er)(er)導(dao)致(zhi)開(kai)裂(lie)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)這類低(di)(di)(di)塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)材(cai)(cai)料，ASTM標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)特意聲明(ming)(ming)，不須彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)180°，而(er)(er)是(shi)通(tong)過(guo)未經試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空白(bai)(bai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)來(lai)(lai)獲(huo)得該材(cai)(cai)料不產生冷(leng)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)裂(lie)紋(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大(da)(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，并以(yi)此(ci)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)晶(jing)間(jian)腐(fu)蝕(shi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)后試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)來(lai)(lai)評定(ding)(ding)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)是(shi)否產生晶(jing)間(jian)腐(fu)蝕(shi)開(kai)裂(lie)。ISO 3651-2對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)不大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩倍(bei)，鑄(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)不大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4倍(bei)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)是(shi)不小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°。 此(ci)外，我國(guo)鎳基合金晶(jing)間(jian)腐(fu)蝕(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)GB/T 15260-2016對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)是(shi)，“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)半徑(jing)(jing)等(deng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩倍(bei)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)”，與(yu)此(ci)同時，也(ye)(ye)特別說明(ming)(ming)“對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)韌(ren)(ren)性(xing)(xing)低(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料，應通(tong)過(guo)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)與(yu)被試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)相同材(cai)(cai)質及形狀(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空白(bai)(bai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)決(jue)定(ding)(ding)不發(fa)生裂(lie)紋(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大(da)(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)”，這與(yu)ASTM A262是(shi)相似(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。有(you)行(xing)業專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先進(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)在(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)科學(xue)性(xing)(xing)和(he)合理性(xing)(xing)，而(er)(er)并非嚴(yan)苛(ke)性(xing)(xing)。當(dang)前(qian)GB/T 4334-2008對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)過(guo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)嚴(yan)苛(ke)，導(dao)致(zhi)了(le)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)該標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)中方(fang)法E往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)增加(jia)了(le)很大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后期檢驗(yan)(yan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)量，方(fang)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)性(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)因此(ci)大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)降(jiang)低(di)(di)(di)，遠不能滿足(zu)當(dang)前(qian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)實際的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。因此(ci)，結合眾多專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)意見及文獻，參(can)(can)(can)考(kao)ASTM A262、ISO 3651-2以(yi)及我國(guo)GB/T 15260對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)參(can)(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)更(geng)改非常有(you)必(bi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。 本(ben)次彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)改參(can)(can)(can)照ISO標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，經修(xiu)改后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)參(can)(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)：“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180°。鑄(zhu)(zhu)鋼件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)和(he)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)不小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)舟(zhou)形試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)沿(yan)垂(chui)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)縫方(fang)向進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)沿(yan)熔(rong)合線進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)低(di)(di)(di)韌(ren)(ren)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料，可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)未經試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)確定(ding)(ding)其(qi)不發(fa)生開(kai)裂(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大(da)(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，以(yi)此(ci)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。”在(zai)(zai)GB/T 4334-2008版(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上，保留(liu)了(le)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180°，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)和(he)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)由(you)(you)原來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)180°變(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“不小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°”，主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)考(kao)慮(lv)到焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)本(ben)身塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)差(cha)(cha)(cha)，當(dang)前(qian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業上對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)常采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)90°彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)90°變(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°求(qiu)兼容了(le)此(ci)前(qian)版(ban)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。 此(ci)外，還針對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)低(di)(di)(di)塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)材(cai)(cai)料進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)了(le)特別說明(ming)(ming)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)，此(ci)次變(bian)更(geng)“對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)應不大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍(bei)；對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)鋼件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)和(he)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)應不大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4倍(bei)”，這與(yu)ISO標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)等(deng)同。相對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)ASTM標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優點在(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)不需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)針對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)每(mei)個(ge)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)不同直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)。至于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)原來(lai)(lai)5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，在(zai)(zai)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)下對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)而(er)(er)言適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)2.5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所有(you)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等(deng)低(di)(di)(di)塑(su)(su)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)則適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)1.25mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。

7. 對標準名稱進行了(le)變(bian)更   

   近年來，由于鐵素體不銹(xiu)鋼的晶間腐蝕標準GB/T 31935-2015《金屬和合金的腐蝕 低鉻鐵素體不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》、GB/T 32571-2016《金屬和合金的腐蝕 高鉻鐵素體不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》先后發布，對于鐵素體不銹鋼而言已經有了獨立的晶間腐蝕試驗標準體系，所以GB/T 4334-2008《金屬和合金的腐蝕 不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》這一名稱已明顯不合適，本次修訂后，GB/T 4334的適用范圍將包括奧氏體不銹鋼以及雙相不銹鋼，遂將標準名稱改成“金屬和合金的腐蝕 奧氏體及雙相(鐵素體-奧氏體)不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法”。