本次GB/T 4334標準的修訂，將標準名稱變更為《金屬和合金的腐蝕 奧氏體及雙相(鐵素體-奧氏體)不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》，通過名稱明確了上述體系中各標準的適用范圍，便于使用和實施。同時，廢除了方法D—不銹鋼硝酸-氫氟酸腐蝕試驗方法，增加了方法F—銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸腐蝕試驗方法和方法G—40%硫酸-硫酸鐵腐蝕試驗方法，修改了敏化制度和彎曲實驗參數等技術指標。通過本次修訂，提高了不銹鋼晶(jing)間腐蝕試驗方法標準的科學性、經濟性和實用性，有助于指導和規范高鉻鉬奧氏體不銹(xiu)鋼及雙(shuang)相不銹鋼生產和驗收，有助于提高我國不(bu)銹鋼產品的技術性能、安全可靠性及環保性能。 前不久，由冶金工業信息標準研究院組織的GB/T 4334《金屬和合金的腐蝕不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》等兩項國家標準和一項國家標準外文版審定會在江蘇無錫順利召開。經過兩輪會議評審的GB/T 4334確定了最終的送審稿。私作為該分技術委員會的委員，全程參與了該標準的修訂過程，下面就為各位提前“劇透”下更新版的主要修改內容。“劇透”的主要目的是為了向小伙伴們闡明專家組對于各修訂之處的原因和意圖，便于大家更好地理解更新版標準的改動之處。預計更新版標準將于2020年正式發布實施，希望屆時都能夠更好地執行。

1. 淘汰落后的硝酸-氫氟酸法   

  我國(guo)(guo)GB/T 4334-2008中(zhong)的(de)D法(fa)(fa)——不銹鋼硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)-氫(qing)氟(fu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)試驗法(fa)(fa)最早于1984年(nian)修(xiu)改采(cai)用(yong)自(zi)日本(ben)(ben)的(de)JIS G 0574-1980。美國(guo)(guo)ASTM A262的(de)早期版本(ben)(ben)中(zhong)也包(bao)含(han)了硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)-氫(qing)氟(fu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)法(fa)(fa)，但在(zai)1993年(nian)以后(hou)的(de)版本(ben)(ben)中(zhong)此(ci)法(fa)(fa)遭到淘汰，隨后(hou)日本(ben)(ben)也廢除了JIS G 0574，因(yin)此(ci)當(dang)前其他各國(guo)(guo)標(biao)準中(zhong)均無此(ci)方法(fa)(fa)。硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)-氫(qing)氟(fu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)法(fa)(fa)具有(you)如(ru)下(xia)特點：不銹鋼在(zai)此(ci)試驗溶液中(zhong)的(de)腐蝕(shi)(shi)電位(wei)處在(zai)活化(hua)-鈍化(hua)區(qu)，因(yin)此(ci)會伴(ban)有(you)嚴重的(de)全面腐蝕(shi)(shi)。所(suo)以，試樣必須采(cai)用(yong)參照試樣，借助腐蝕(shi)(shi)速(su)率比(bi)值的(de)評定方法(fa)(fa)來篩除全面腐蝕(shi)(shi)的(de)干擾影(ying)響。此(ci)外(wai)，試驗時(shi)的(de)溫度為70°C而不采(cai)用(yong)沸騰，控制相(xiang)對(dui)不便(bian)；試驗溶液含(han)有(you)劇毒的(de)氫(qing)氟(fu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)，不能使(shi)用(yong)常規的(de)玻璃(li)容器，而需(xu)采(cai)用(yong)耐硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)和氫(qing)氟(fu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)腐蝕(shi)(shi)的(de)特制塑料(liao)容器，這些因(yin)素都在(zai)一定程(cheng)度上影(ying)響了該(gai)方法(fa)(fa)，導致該(gai)方法(fa)(fa)幾乎從未被廣泛使(shi)用(yong)過。由于硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)-氫(qing)氟(fu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)法(fa)(fa)的(de)這些特點，這一方法(fa)(fa)在(zai)國(guo)(guo)標(biao)GB/T 4334-2008中(zhong)名存實亡，因(yin)此(ci)更新版標(biao)準將該(gai)方法(fa)(fa)廢除。

2. 新增兩個實驗方(fang)法使適(shi)用范圍進一(yi)步擴大(da)   

  GB/T 4334-2008修改采用自ISO 3651-1,3651-2。但是只保留了ISO 3651-1中的硝酸法和ISO 3651-2中A法——銅-硫酸銅-16%硫酸法。而對于ISO 3651-2中B 法——銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法則并未納入，此外，GB/T 4334-2008方法B名義上由ISO 3651-2中C法變更而來，實際相對于早期版本并無實質變化。GB/T 4334 的早期版本GB/T 4334.1~5-1980 和GB/T 4334.1~5-2000 最早非等效采用日本標準JIS G 0571~0575。而在1999年，日本對這幾個標準進行了較大的修改，由原先的ASTM體系逐漸向ISO體系靠攏。JIS G 0575-1999在原先銅-硫酸銅-16%硫酸法的基礎上，增加了銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法，JIS G 0572-2006將原來與ASTM A262中B法等同的50%硫酸-硫酸鐵法變更成與ISO等效的40%硫酸-硫酸鐵法。這兩項變化使日本晶間腐蝕標準的適用范圍得到了較大的擴展，即適用范圍由僅適用于奧氏體不銹鋼進一步擴大到了雙相不銹鋼。但我國標準從2000版到2008 版內容卻無實質變化。根據GB/T 4334-2008的前言所述，與相應ISO標準相比，本標準方法C的適用范圍不包括雙相不銹鋼；方法B適用范圍不包括鐵素體不銹鋼。但實際上，在GB/T 4334-2008正文的第一章“范圍”中，方法A、B、C和D所明確指定的適用范圍都僅局限于奧氏體不銹鋼。在GB/T 4334-2008中，僅方法E明確指出“適用于奧氏體、奧氏體-鐵素體不銹鋼…”。這種情況下，對于雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試樣方法選擇范圍過于單一。此外，GB/T 4334-2008在方法A中列出了一些不銹鋼牌號所適用的晶間腐蝕試驗方法，這些牌號都是Cr含量全部低于20%的300系不銹鋼。對于Cr、Mo含量更高的奧氏體不銹鋼以及雙相不銹鋼都沒有相應的說明，這在我國超級不銹鋼發展日益成熟的今天顯然有些過時。硫酸-硫酸銅法中決定其腐蝕性的主要是硫酸濃度，對于用在不太惡劣環境下的300系不銹鋼，如304不銹鋼、316不銹(xiu)鋼等，16%的硫酸-硫酸銅法已被廣泛證明是合適的。但是，對用于更惡劣環境下的高鉻、鉬不銹鋼，采用16%的硫酸-硫酸銅法檢驗晶間腐蝕的結果往往與工程實際不符合。此時，一般應選用更高濃度的硫酸。美、日、俄及ISO標準中都包含了更高濃度的硫酸-硫酸銅法，鑒于我國超級不銹鋼使用的日益廣泛，將更高濃度的硫酸法納入標準已顯得非常迫切。 當前，由于我國標準體系在高鉻鉬含量不銹鋼及雙相不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法方面的不夠完善，導致國內部分不銹鋼產品在晶間腐蝕檢驗時面臨無相關國家標準可依的窘境，而只能選用國際標準。例如，針對雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕檢驗，GB/T 21433-2008《不銹鋼壓力容器晶間腐蝕敏感性檢驗》就不得不引用了ISO 3651-(1~2)。 鑒于近年來不銹鋼產業在我國的迅猛發展，將適用于高鉻鉬含量奧氏體不銹鋼及雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試驗方法納入不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試驗標準顯得日益迫切。結合國外標準及我國對晶間腐蝕試驗方法的使用情況，本次標準的修訂將在GB/T 4334-2008的基礎上增加銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法及40%硫酸-硫酸鐵法。

3. 對取樣和制備、試驗報告進行(xing)了部分調整   

   GB/T 31935-2015及GB/T 32571-2016內容(rong)中關于(yu)“取(qu)樣(yang)(yang)和(he)制備”及“試(shi)(shi)驗報(bao)告”部分(fen)參考了(le)(le)GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)，并(bing)同(tong)時進(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)很好的(de)(de)(de)改(gai)進(jin)，體現了(le)(le)“先(xian)進(jin)性(xing)(xing)、科學(xue)性(xing)(xing)和(he)合理性(xing)(xing)”；本次GB/T 4334的(de)(de)(de)修訂(ding)在“取(qu)樣(yang)(yang)和(he)制備”及“試(shi)(shi)驗報(bao)告”部分(fen)與上述兩(liang)(liang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)進(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)適當的(de)(de)(de)等同(tong)，既保證了(le)(le)本標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)先(xian)進(jin)性(xing)(xing)，同(tong)時又(you)使不同(tong)類型不銹鋼(gang)的(de)(de)(de)晶間(jian)腐蝕試(shi)(shi)驗取(qu)樣(yang)(yang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)得(de)到(dao)了(le)(le)統一(yi)。此外(wai)，對于(yu)彎曲法的(de)(de)(de)取(qu)樣(yang)(yang)根據GB/T 4338-2008標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)在實(shi)際使用過(guo)程中遇到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)問題以及多方(fang)意見增加了(le)(le)附注，即“對于(yu)較厚的(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)，若無法彎曲兩(liang)(liang)個被檢(jian)驗面，則可取(qu)兩(liang)(liang)組(zu)各(ge)兩(liang)(liang)個試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)。取(qu)樣(yang)(yang)時標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)記出各(ge)試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)相(xiang)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)某一(yi)樣(yang)(yang)面。試(shi)(shi)驗后，兩(liang)(liang)組(zu)試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)分(fen)別彎曲被標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)記面和(he)未標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)記面”，增加了(le)(le)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)用性(xing)(xing)和(he)可操(cao)作(zuo)性(xing)(xing)。 

4. 對敏(min)化(hua)制度進(jin)行(xing)了部分調整(zheng)   

   早期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶間(jian)(jian)(jian)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)主要為(wei)美、俄(e)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)體系標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)，其(qi)(qi)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)在當時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)均為(wei) 2h，20世(shi)紀70年(nian)代后(hou)均改為(wei)1h，說(shuo)(shuo)明(ming)(ming)2h偏長(chang)。根據合肥通用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)機械研究(jiu)院的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大量(liang)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)分(fen)析，8mm左右厚度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)18-8鋼板，正常焊條(tiao)(tiao)電弧焊試(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶間(jian)(jian)(jian)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)程度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)大約不(bu)(bu)超(chao)過(guo)鋼板試(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)經650°C敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)15min的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶間(jian)(jian)(jian)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)程度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。所以(yi)一(yi)般認為(wei)GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)要求(qiu)(qiu)650°C保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)兩(liang)(liang)小時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)是相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)較(jiao)嚴苛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，該參數(shu)最早也(ye)源自日(ri)本JIS G 0571~0575-1980。但日(ri)標(biao)(biao)在1999年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修訂版(ban)(ban)中(zhong)(zhong)就(jiu)將(jiang)(jiang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)與ISO進行了(le)等同(tong)，從(cong)(cong)(cong)而(er)(er)(er)將(jiang)(jiang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)大大縮(suo)短了(le)。GB/T 4334.2-2000、GB/T 4334.3-2000、GB/T 4334.4-2000對(dui)(dui)低碳和(he)穩定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)化(hua)(hua)(hua)奧氏體不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)作(zuo)(zuo)出規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)后(hou)，都另外(wai)說(shuo)(shuo)明(ming)(ming)“根據雙(shuang)方(fang)協議，也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)其(qi)(qi)他敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)”，而(er)(er)(er)在GB/T 4334.1-2000和(he)GB/T 4334.5-2000中(zhong)(zhong)，卻沒有(you)關于(yu)(yu)協商(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)(tiao)款。到了(le)GB/T 4334-2008版(ban)(ban)中(zhong)(zhong)，則把所有(you)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)統(tong)一(yi)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)為(wei)“對(dui)(dui)超(chao)低碳鋼（碳含量(liang)不(bu)(bu)大于(yu)(yu)0.03%）和(he)穩定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鋼種（添加(jia)鈦或鈮），敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)650℃，壓力加(jia)工試(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)2h，鑄(zhu)件(jian)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)1 h，空(kong)冷。”而(er)(er)(er)無(wu)供需(xu)(xu)雙(shuang)方(fang)協商(shang)條(tiao)(tiao)款。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)這一(yi)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)，從(cong)(cong)(cong)各(ge)工業企(qi)業反饋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)見來看，普遍認為(wei)這一(yi)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)限(xian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)過(guo)于(yu)(yu)死板，導(dao)致試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)沒有(you)任何(he)調整空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)。而(er)(er)(er)實際上，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)牌號、不(bu)(bu)同(tong)合金含量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼，其(qi)(qi)第二相(xiang)析出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)感溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)是有(you)差異的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，將(jiang)(jiang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)限(xian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)在一(yi)個(ge)固定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)顯然不(bu)(bu)夠(gou)合理(li)(li)(li)，美國ASTM A262標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范(fan)圍為(wei)650~675°C，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)允許供需(xu)(xu)雙(shuang)方(fang)協商(shang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)及(ji)隨后(hou)冷卻方(fang)式，ISO及(ji)日(ri)本JIS標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)對(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)也(ye)提(ti)(ti)供了(le)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇。可(ke)以(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)，將(jiang)(jiang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)嚴格(ge)限(xian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)在一(yi)個(ge)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)明(ming)(ming)顯地違背了(le)科學性(xing)原則。 可(ke)以(yi)看到： (1) ASTM A262僅強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要求(qiu)(qiu)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)650~675°C，對(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)冷卻方(fang)式不(bu)(bu)作(zuo)(zuo)強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要求(qiu)(qiu)，但是推(tui)薦(jian)了(le)一(yi)種常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，即(ji)(ji) 675°C，保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)1h； (2) ISO 3651-2提(ti)(ti)供了(le)兩(liang)(liang)種供選(xuan)(xuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，對(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)及(ji)冷卻方(fang)式均做出了(le)明(ming)(ming)確(que)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)； (3) JIS G 0575推(tui)薦(jian)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)ISO 3651-2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，但特別(bie)說(shuo)(shuo)明(ming)(ming)“經供需(xu)(xu)雙(shuang)方(fang)協商(shang)，可(ke)以(yi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)其(qi)(qi)他敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)”； (4) GB/T 4334-2008強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要求(qiu)(qiu)執行一(yi)種敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，即(ji)(ji)“650°C，壓力加(jia)試(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)2h，鑄(zhu)件(jian)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)1h，空(kong)冷”。 此(ci)(ci)外(wai)，美國ASTM A262在銅-硫酸(suan)銅-16%硫酸(suan)法(fa)(fa)中(zhong)(zhong)，特別(bie)說(shuo)(shuo)明(ming)(ming)除非(fei)需(xu)(xu)方(fang)特別(bie)聲明(ming)(ming)，否則可(ke)以(yi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)ISO 3651-2中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)A法(fa)(fa)替代本法(fa)(fa)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)ISO標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)提(ti)(ti)供的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，這表明(ming)(ming) ASTM標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)對(dui)(dui)ISO標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)也(ye)是認可(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)此(ci)(ci)，針對(dui)(dui)晶間(jian)(jian)(jian)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)更新(xin)版(ban)(ban)不(bu)(bu)再作(zuo)(zuo)強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要求(qiu)(qiu)，考慮到國內長(chang)期(qi)以(yi)來一(yi)些(xie)設計選(xuan)(xuan)材對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)續性(xing)要求(qiu)(qiu)，對(dui)(dui)奧氏體不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼維持推(tui)薦(jian)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)GB/T 4334-2008版(ban)(ban)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)；對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)雙(shuang)相(xiang)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼，已有(you)大量(liang)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)和(he)研究(jiu)表明(ming)(ming)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)GB/T 4334-2008版(ban)(ban)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)往(wang)往(wang)造成試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)試(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非(fei)晶間(jian)(jian)(jian)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)開(kai)裂(lie)，從(cong)(cong)(cong)而(er)(er)(er)增加(jia)大量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鑒定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)工作(zuo)(zuo)量(liang)，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)我們推(tui)薦(jian)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)范(fan)圍更加(jia)廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)ISO3651-2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)他不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼，則規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)“試(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)是否需(xu)(xu)要敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)和(he)采(cai)取何(he)種敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，由產品標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)或供需(xu)(xu)雙(shuang)方(fang)協商(shang)確(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)”。

5. 對65%硝酸法所用硝酸濃(nong)度添加注(zhu)釋說明   

   此前研究表(biao)(biao)明，硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)對(dui)試(shi)驗結果影響(xiang)較大。對(dui)于(yu)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)，老版(ban)標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)有專門(men)說(shuo)明。如果按要求(qiu)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)65%±0.2%確實比(bi)(bi)較困難(nan)，需要通過滴定來(lai)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)，對(dui)于(yu)企業來(lai)說(shuo)存在(zai)困難(nan)。更新版(ban)標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)將在(zai)文(wen)末(mo)添(tian)(tian)加“（ρ20=1.40g/mL）”以表(biao)(biao)示可以采用(yong)(yong)(yong)比(bi)(bi)重法間接測定所(suo)配(pei)(pei)溶(rong)液濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)是(shi)否符合(he)要求(qiu)。 此外，從該方法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)液配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)過程反饋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況看，有些企業和(he)單位會參(can)照(zhao)美(mei)國(guo)(guo)ASTM A262中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)方法（比(bi)(bi)率為(wei)每升濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)添(tian)(tian)加108mL水(shui)）配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)。但這(zhe)在(zai)我國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)情下是(shi)不(bu)可取的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。美(mei)標的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)方法本身沒有問(wen)題，問(wen)題在(zai)于(yu)所(suo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)并(bing)不(bu)相同。國(guo)(guo)際標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)ISO和(he)美(mei)國(guo)(guo)ASTM標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)中(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)于(yu)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)規(gui)定是(shi)69%~71%;而我國(guo)(guo)GB/T 626中(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)于(yu)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)規(gui)定為(wei)65%~68%。即所(suo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初始(shi)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)就不(bu)一(yi)致，如果使用(yong)(yong)(yong)我國(guo)(guo)生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)符合(he)GB/T 626的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)去按照(zhao)美(mei)國(guo)(guo)ASTM A626中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)方法配(pei)(pei)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)將明顯低于(yu)65%。遂在(zai)標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)更新版(ban)中(zhong)(zhong)添(tian)(tian)加一(yi)了(le)段(duan)注釋：“本標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)所(suo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)（質(zhi)量分(fen)數65%~68%），與美(mei)國(guo)(guo)ASTM A262所(suo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)（質(zhi)量分(fen)數69%~71%）不(bu)同，不(bu)能采用(yong)(yong)(yong)ASTM A262所(suo)規(gui)定硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)溶(rong)液的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)方式來(lai)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)本標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)65%硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)溶(rong)液。”

6. 對(dui)彎曲(qu)法(fa)的(de)參數進行(xing)了修改(gai)   

   GB/T 4334自從(cong)第一版以來(lai)(lai)，就有(you)(you)行(xing)業專家認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)中(zhong)銅-硫酸(suan)銅-16%硫酸(suan)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)相(xiang)比國(guo)外過于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)嚴苛，導致對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)此(ci)(ci)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爭議一直(zhi)(zhi)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)。GB/T 4334-2008對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)如下(xia)(xia)：“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180°，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)舟形(xing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)沿(yan)垂直(zhi)(zhi)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫方向進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)接(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)沿(yan)熔合(he)線(xian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。鑄(zhu)鋼件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)90°。試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，當試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1mm時(shi)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1mm；當試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1mm時(shi)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)5mm。”這一規(gui)定(ding)最(zui)早沿(yan)用(yong)自GB 4334.5-1990。當時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認識(shi)是(shi)(shi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果(guo)影響較(jiao)(jiao)小，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)(le)使(shi)用(yong)方便(bian)而(er)統一成(cheng)兩個(ge)(ge)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。 然而(er)，近年(nian)來(lai)(lai)無論是(shi)(shi)理(li)論計算還是(shi)(shi)實際實驗(yan)(yan)都(dou)表(biao)明壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果(guo)有(you)(you)很大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)較(jiao)(jiao)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)且本身塑性(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)差(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，采用(yong)5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)會出現試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)冷(leng)塑性(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)差(cha)而(er)導致開(kai)裂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，從(cong)而(er)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)了(le)(le)(le)大(da)(da)(da)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金相(xiang)檢測工(gong)(gong)(gong)作。例(li)如大(da)(da)(da)量實驗(yan)(yan)研究表(biao)明，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)接(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)塑性(xing)(xing)(xing)本身較(jiao)(jiao)差(cha)，即使(shi)不(bu)(bu)經(jing)(jing)晶(jing)間腐蝕試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，許多(duo)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)稍厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)白(bai)(bai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)按GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)到180°也會由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)冷(leng)變形(xing)超過其(qi)塑性(xing)(xing)(xing)而(er)導致開(kai)裂。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)這類低塑性(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)，ASTM標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)特(te)意聲明，不(bu)(bu)須彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)180°，而(er)是(shi)(shi)通過未經(jing)(jing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)白(bai)(bai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)來(lai)(lai)獲(huo)得該材(cai)(cai)料(liao)不(bu)(bu)產生(sheng)冷(leng)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)裂紋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，并以此(ci)(ci)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)晶(jing)間腐蝕試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)后(hou)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)來(lai)(lai)評定(ding)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)是(shi)(shi)否產生(sheng)晶(jing)間腐蝕開(kai)裂。ISO 3651-2對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)不(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩倍(bei)(bei)，鑄(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)不(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4倍(bei)(bei)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)小于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°。 此(ci)(ci)外，我國(guo)鎳基(ji)合(he)金晶(jing)間腐蝕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)GB/T 15260-2016對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)是(shi)(shi)，“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)半徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)等于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩倍(bei)(bei)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)”，與(yu)(yu)此(ci)(ci)同(tong)時(shi)，也特(te)別(bie)說明“對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)韌(ren)性(xing)(xing)(xing)低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)，應(ying)通過彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)一個(ge)(ge)與(yu)(yu)被試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)相(xiang)同(tong)材(cai)(cai)質及形(xing)狀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)白(bai)(bai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)決定(ding)不(bu)(bu)發生(sheng)裂紋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)”，這與(yu)(yu)ASTM A262是(shi)(shi)相(xiang)似的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。有(you)(you)行(xing)業專家認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)科(ke)學性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)合(he)理(li)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，而(er)并非嚴苛性(xing)(xing)(xing)。當前(qian)(qian)GB/T 4334-2008對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)過于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)嚴苛，導致了(le)(le)(le)使(shi)用(yong)該標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)中(zhong)方法(fa)E往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)了(le)(le)(le)很大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后(hou)期檢驗(yan)(yan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作量，方法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實用(yong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)也因此(ci)(ci)大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)降低，遠(yuan)不(bu)(bu)能滿足當前(qian)(qian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程實際的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)。因此(ci)(ci)，結(jie)合(he)眾多(duo)專家意見及文(wen)獻(xian)，參(can)(can)考ASTM A262、ISO 3651-2以及我國(guo)GB/T 15260對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)更(geng)改非常有(you)(you)必要(yao)(yao)。 本次彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)(xiu)改參(can)(can)照ISO標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，經(jing)(jing)修(xiu)(xiu)改后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)：“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180°。鑄(zhu)鋼件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)小于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)舟形(xing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)沿(yan)垂直(zhi)(zhi)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫方向進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)接(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)沿(yan)熔合(he)線(xian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)低韌(ren)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)，可用(yong)采用(yong)一個(ge)(ge)未經(jing)(jing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)確定(ding)其(qi)不(bu)(bu)發生(sheng)開(kai)裂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，以此(ci)(ci)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。”在(zai)GB/T 4334-2008版的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上，保留了(le)(le)(le)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180°，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)規(gui)定(ding)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)由(you)原(yuan)來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)180°變為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“不(bu)(bu)小于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°”，主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)考慮到焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)本身塑性(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)差(cha)，當前(qian)(qian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業上對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)也常采用(yong)90°彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)90°變為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)小于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°求(qiu)(qiu)兼容了(le)(le)(le)此(ci)(ci)前(qian)(qian)版本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。 此(ci)(ci)外，還針對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)低塑性(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)特(te)別(bie)說明。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，此(ci)(ci)次變更(geng)“對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)應(ying)不(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍(bei)(bei)；對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄(zhu)鋼件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)應(ying)不(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4倍(bei)(bei)”，這與(yu)(yu)ISO標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)等同(tong)。相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)ASTM標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優點在(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)不(bu)(bu)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)針對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)每個(ge)(ge)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)采用(yong)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)。至于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)原(yuan)來(lai)(lai)5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，在(zai)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)規(gui)定(ding)下(xia)(xia)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)而(er)言適用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)2.5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所(suo)有(you)(you)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等低塑工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)則適用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)1.25mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。

7. 對標準(zhun)名稱進(jin)行了(le)變更   

   近年來，由于鐵(tie)素體(ti)不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕標準GB/T 31935-2015《金屬和合金的腐蝕 低鉻鐵素體不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》、GB/T 32571-2016《金屬和合金的腐蝕 高鉻鐵素體不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》先后發布，對于鐵素體不銹鋼而言已經有了獨立的晶間腐蝕試驗標準體系，所以GB/T 4334-2008《金屬和合金的腐蝕 不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》這一名稱已明顯不合適，本次修訂后，GB/T 4334的適用范圍將包括奧氏體不銹鋼以及雙相不銹鋼，遂將標準名稱改成“金屬和合金的腐蝕 奧氏體及雙相(鐵素體-奧氏體)不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法”。