本次GB/T 4334標準的修訂，將標準名稱變更為《金屬和合金的腐蝕 奧氏體及雙相(鐵素體-奧氏體)不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》，通過名稱明確了上述體系中各標準的適用范圍，便于使用和實施。同時，廢除了方法D—不銹鋼硝酸-氫氟酸腐蝕試驗方法，增加了方法F—銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸腐蝕試驗方法和方法G—40%硫酸-硫酸鐵腐蝕試驗方法，修改了敏化制度和彎曲實驗參數等技術指標。通過本次修訂，提高了不銹鋼晶間腐蝕(shi)試驗方法標準的科學性、經濟性和實用性，有助于指導和規范高鉻鉬奧氏體不銹鋼及雙相不銹鋼生產和驗收，有助于提高我國不銹鋼產品的技術性能、安全可靠性及環保性能。 前不久，由冶金工業信息標準研究院組織的GB/T 4334《金屬和合金的腐蝕不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》等兩項國家標準和一項國家標準外文版審定會在江蘇無錫順利召開。經過兩輪會議評審的GB/T 4334確定了最終的送審稿。私作為該分技術委員會的委員，全程參與了該標準的修訂過程，下面就為各位提前“劇透”下更新版的主要修改內容。“劇透”的主要目的是為了向小伙伴們闡明專家組對于各修訂之處的原因和意圖，便于大家更好地理解更新版標準的改動之處。預計更新版標準將于2020年正式發布實施，希望屆時都能夠更好地執行。

1. 淘(tao)汰落后的(de)硝酸-氫(qing)氟酸法(fa)   

  我國(guo)GB/T 4334-2008中(zhong)的D法(fa)——不銹(xiu)鋼硝(xiao)(xiao)酸-氫(qing)(qing)氟(fu)酸試驗(yan)法(fa)最早于1984年(nian)修(xiu)改采用(yong)(yong)自日(ri)本的JIS G 0574-1980。美國(guo)ASTM A262的早期版本中(zhong)也包含(han)了硝(xiao)(xiao)酸-氫(qing)(qing)氟(fu)酸法(fa)，但在(zai)(zai)(zai)1993年(nian)以(yi)后的版本中(zhong)此(ci)法(fa)遭到淘汰(tai)，隨后日(ri)本也廢除了JIS G 0574，因此(ci)當前其他各國(guo)標準中(zhong)均無此(ci)方法(fa)。硝(xiao)(xiao)酸-氫(qing)(qing)氟(fu)酸法(fa)具有(you)如下特(te)點：不銹(xiu)鋼在(zai)(zai)(zai)此(ci)試驗(yan)溶液中(zhong)的腐蝕電位處在(zai)(zai)(zai)活化-鈍化區，因此(ci)會伴有(you)嚴重的全(quan)面腐蝕。所以(yi)，試樣(yang)必(bi)須采用(yong)(yong)參照(zhao)試樣(yang)，借助腐蝕速率比(bi)值的評定(ding)方法(fa)來篩(shai)除全(quan)面腐蝕的干擾影(ying)(ying)響。此(ci)外，試驗(yan)時的溫度為70°C而不采用(yong)(yong)沸騰，控制(zhi)(zhi)相對不便(bian)；試驗(yan)溶液含(han)有(you)劇毒的氫(qing)(qing)氟(fu)酸，不能使用(yong)(yong)常規的玻璃容(rong)器，而需采用(yong)(yong)耐(nai)硝(xiao)(xiao)酸和氫(qing)(qing)氟(fu)酸腐蝕的特(te)制(zhi)(zhi)塑料(liao)容(rong)器，這(zhe)些因素都在(zai)(zai)(zai)一定(ding)程度上影(ying)(ying)響了該(gai)方法(fa)，導致該(gai)方法(fa)幾乎從未被廣(guang)泛使用(yong)(yong)過。由于硝(xiao)(xiao)酸-氫(qing)(qing)氟(fu)酸法(fa)的這(zhe)些特(te)點，這(zhe)一方法(fa)在(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)標GB/T 4334-2008中(zhong)名存實亡，因此(ci)更(geng)新版標準將該(gai)方法(fa)廢除。

2. 新增(zeng)兩個實驗方法使適用范圍進一步擴大   

  GB/T 4334-2008修改采用自ISO 3651-1,3651-2。但是只保留了ISO 3651-1中的硝酸法和ISO 3651-2中A法——銅-硫酸銅-16%硫酸法。而對于ISO 3651-2中B 法——銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法則并未納入，此外，GB/T 4334-2008方法B名義上由ISO 3651-2中C法變更而來，實際相對于早期版本并無實質變化。GB/T 4334 的早期版本GB/T 4334.1~5-1980 和GB/T 4334.1~5-2000 最早非等效采用日本標準JIS G 0571~0575。而在1999年，日本對這幾個標準進行了較大的修改，由原先的ASTM體系逐漸向ISO體系靠攏。JIS G 0575-1999在原先銅-硫酸銅-16%硫酸法的基礎上，增加了銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法，JIS G 0572-2006將原來與ASTM A262中B法等同的50%硫酸-硫酸鐵法變更成與ISO等效的40%硫酸-硫酸鐵法。這兩項變化使日本晶間腐蝕標準的適用范圍得到了較大的擴展，即適用范圍由僅適用于奧氏體不銹鋼進一步擴大到了雙相不銹鋼。但我國標準從2000版到2008 版內容卻無實質變化。根據GB/T 4334-2008的前言所述，與相應ISO標準相比，本標準方法C的適用范圍不包括雙相不銹鋼；方法B適用范圍不包括鐵素體不銹鋼。但實際上，在GB/T 4334-2008正文的第一章“范圍”中，方法A、B、C和D所明確指定的適用范圍都僅局限于奧氏體不銹鋼。在GB/T 4334-2008中，僅方法E明確指出“適用于奧氏體、奧氏體-鐵素體不銹鋼…”。這種情況下，對于雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試樣方法選擇范圍過于單一。此外，GB/T 4334-2008在方法A中列出了一些不銹鋼牌號所適用的晶間腐蝕試驗方法，這些牌號都是Cr含量全部低于20%的300系不銹鋼。對于Cr、Mo含量更高的奧氏體不銹鋼以及雙相不銹鋼都沒有相應的說明，這在我國超級不銹鋼發展日益成熟的今天顯然有些過時。硫酸-硫酸銅法中決定其腐蝕性的主要是硫酸濃度，對于用在不太惡劣環境下的300系不銹鋼，如304不銹鋼、316不銹鋼等，16%的硫酸-硫酸銅法已被廣泛證明是合適的。但是，對用于更惡劣環境下的高鉻、鉬不銹鋼，采用16%的硫酸-硫酸銅法檢驗晶間腐蝕的結果往往與工程實際不符合。此時，一般應選用更高濃度的硫酸。美、日、俄及ISO標準中都包含了更高濃度的硫酸-硫酸銅法，鑒于我國超級不銹鋼使用的日益廣泛，將更高濃度的硫酸法納入標準已顯得非常迫切。 當前，由于我國標準體系在高鉻鉬含量不銹鋼及雙相不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法方面的不夠完善，導致國內部分不銹鋼產品在晶間腐蝕檢驗時面臨無相關國家標準可依的窘境，而只能選用國際標準。例如，針對雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕檢驗，GB/T 21433-2008《不銹鋼壓力容器晶間腐蝕敏感性檢驗》就不得不引用了ISO 3651-(1~2)。 鑒于近年來不銹鋼產業在我國的迅猛發展，將適用于高鉻鉬含量奧氏體不銹鋼及雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試驗方法納入不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試驗標準顯得日益迫切。結合國外標準及我國對晶間腐蝕試驗方法的使用情況，本次標準的修訂將在GB/T 4334-2008的基礎上增加銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法及40%硫酸-硫酸鐵法。

3. 對取樣和制備、試驗報告(gao)進行了(le)部分調整(zheng)   

   GB/T 31935-2015及GB/T 32571-2016內(nei)容中關于(yu)(yu)“取(qu)(qu)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)和制備”及“試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)報告”部分參考(kao)了(le)GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)(biao)準，并同(tong)(tong)時進(jin)行(xing)了(le)很好(hao)的(de)改(gai)進(jin)，體現了(le)“先(xian)進(jin)性(xing)、科學性(xing)和合(he)理性(xing)”；本(ben)次GB/T 4334的(de)修訂在(zai)“取(qu)(qu)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)和制備”及“試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)報告”部分與(yu)上述兩標(biao)(biao)準進(jin)行(xing)了(le)適當的(de)等(deng)同(tong)(tong)，既保證了(le)本(ben)標(biao)(biao)準的(de)先(xian)進(jin)性(xing)，同(tong)(tong)時又使不同(tong)(tong)類型不銹(xiu)鋼的(de)晶間腐(fu)蝕試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)取(qu)(qu)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)標(biao)(biao)準得到(dao)了(le)統一。此外，對于(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)曲法(fa)的(de)取(qu)(qu)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)根據GB/T 4338-2008標(biao)(biao)準在(zai)實(shi)際使用(yong)過程(cheng)中遇到(dao)的(de)問題(ti)以(yi)及多方意見增加了(le)附注，即(ji)“對于(yu)(yu)較厚(hou)的(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，若(ruo)無法(fa)彎(wan)(wan)曲兩個被檢驗(yan)(yan)面，則可取(qu)(qu)兩組(zu)(zu)各(ge)兩個試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。取(qu)(qu)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)時標(biao)(biao)記(ji)出各(ge)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)的(de)某一樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)面。試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)后，兩組(zu)(zu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)分別彎(wan)(wan)曲被標(biao)(biao)記(ji)面和未(wei)標(biao)(biao)記(ji)面”，增加了(le)標(biao)(biao)準的(de)實(shi)用(yong)性(xing)和可操作性(xing)。 

4. 對(dui)敏化制度進(jin)行(xing)了(le)部(bu)分調整(zheng)   

   早期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)腐(fu)蝕(shi)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)為(wei)(wei)美(mei)(mei)、俄兩個體(ti)系(xi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)，其敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)當時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)均為(wei)(wei) 2h，20世紀70年(nian)(nian)代后(hou)均改(gai)為(wei)(wei)1h，說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)2h偏長。根(gen)據(ju)合肥(fei)通用(yong)(yong)(yong)機械研(yan)究院的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)量(liang)(liang)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)分析，8mm左右厚度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)18-8鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)板，正(zheng)常焊(han)條電(dian)弧焊(han)試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)腐(fu)蝕(shi)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)程度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)大(da)約不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)超過鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)板試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)經(jing)650°C敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)15min的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)腐(fu)蝕(shi)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)程度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。所以(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)般(ban)認為(wei)(wei)GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)650°C保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)兩小時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)是(shi)(shi)相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)較(jiao)嚴苛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，該參數最(zui)早也源自日(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)JIS G 0571~0575-1980。但(dan)日(ri)(ri)標(biao)(biao)(biao)在(zai)(zai)1999年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修訂(ding)版(ban)中就將敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)與(yu)ISO進行了等同(tong)(tong)，從(cong)而(er)將敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)大(da)大(da)縮短了。GB/T 4334.2-2000、GB/T 4334.3-2000、GB/T 4334.4-2000對(dui)(dui)(dui)低(di)碳和(he)(he)穩定(ding)(ding)(ding)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)奧氏體(ti)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)作出(chu)(chu)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)后(hou)，都另(ling)外(wai)說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)“根(gen)據(ju)雙方協(xie)(xie)議，也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)其他敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)(chu)理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)”，而(er)在(zai)(zai)GB/T 4334.1-2000和(he)(he)GB/T 4334.5-2000中，卻(que)沒有(you)關于(yu)(yu)(yu)協(xie)(xie)商的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條款。到(dao)了GB/T 4334-2008版(ban)中，則把(ba)所有(you)方法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)統一(yi)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)為(wei)(wei)“對(dui)(dui)(dui)超低(di)碳鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)（碳含量(liang)(liang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)0.03%）和(he)(he)穩定(ding)(ding)(ding)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)種(zhong)(zhong)（添加(jia)鈦或(huo)(huo)鈮），敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)(chu)理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)650℃，壓力(li)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)2h，鑄件保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)1 h，空(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)。”而(er)無供(gong)需(xu)(xu)雙方協(xie)(xie)商條款。對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)這一(yi)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)，從(cong)各工(gong)(gong)業企業反饋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意見來看(kan)，普(pu)遍認為(wei)(wei)這一(yi)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)限(xian)(xian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)過于(yu)(yu)(yu)死板，導(dao)致試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)沒有(you)任(ren)何調整空(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。而(er)實際上，對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)牌(pai)號、不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)合金含量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)，其第二相(xiang)析出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)感溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)是(shi)(shi)有(you)差異的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，將敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)限(xian)(xian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)個固定(ding)(ding)(ding)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)顯然不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠(gou)合理(li)，美(mei)(mei)國ASTM A262標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范(fan)(fan)圍為(wei)(wei)650~675°C，同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)也允(yun)許供(gong)需(xu)(xu)雙方協(xie)(xie)商敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)及(ji)隨后(hou)冷(leng)卻(que)方式，ISO及(ji)日(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)JIS標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)對(dui)(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)也提(ti)供(gong)了不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇(ze)。可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)說(shuo)，將敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)嚴格限(xian)(xian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)個溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)明(ming)(ming)顯地違背了科學性原則。 可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)看(kan)到(dao)： (1) ASTM A262僅強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)650~675°C，對(dui)(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)(he)冷(leng)卻(que)方式不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)作強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)推(tui)薦(jian)(jian)了一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)常用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，即(ji)(ji) 675°C，保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)1h； (2) ISO 3651-2提(ti)供(gong)了兩種(zhong)(zhong)供(gong)選的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)及(ji)冷(leng)卻(que)方式均做出(chu)(chu)了明(ming)(ming)確規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)； (3) JIS G 0575推(tui)薦(jian)(jian)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)ISO 3651-2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，但(dan)特別說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)“經(jing)供(gong)需(xu)(xu)雙方協(xie)(xie)商，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)其他敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)”； (4) GB/T 4334-2008強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)執行一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，即(ji)(ji)“650°C，壓力(li)加(jia)試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)2h，鑄件保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)1h，空(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)”。 此(ci)外(wai)，美(mei)(mei)國ASTM A262在(zai)(zai)銅(tong)-硫(liu)酸(suan)銅(tong)-16%硫(liu)酸(suan)法(fa)(fa)中，特別說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)除非(fei)需(xu)(xu)方特別聲明(ming)(ming)，否則可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)ISO 3651-2中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)A法(fa)(fa)替代本(ben)(ben)法(fa)(fa)，同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)ISO標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)提(ti)供(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，這表明(ming)(ming) ASTM標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)對(dui)(dui)(dui)ISO標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)也是(shi)(shi)認可(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因此(ci)，針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)(dui)晶間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)腐(fu)蝕(shi)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)(chu)理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)更新(xin)版(ban)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)再作強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，考慮到(dao)國內長期以(yi)(yi)(yi)來一(yi)些設計(ji)選材對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連續性要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)奧氏體(ti)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)維持推(tui)薦(jian)(jian)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)GB/T 4334-2008版(ban)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)；對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)雙相(xiang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)，已有(you)大(da)量(liang)(liang)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)和(he)(he)研(yan)究表明(ming)(ming)，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)GB/T 4334-2008版(ban)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)往往造(zao)成試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)過程中試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非(fei)晶間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)腐(fu)蝕(shi)開(kai)裂，從(cong)而(er)增加(jia)大(da)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鑒定(ding)(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)作量(liang)(liang)，因此(ci)我們推(tui)薦(jian)(jian)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)范(fan)(fan)圍更加(jia)廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)ISO3651-2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)其他不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)，則規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)“試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)是(shi)(shi)否需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)(chu)理(li)和(he)(he)采取(qu)何種(zhong)(zhong)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)(chu)理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，由(you)產(chan)品(pin)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)或(huo)(huo)供(gong)需(xu)(xu)雙方協(xie)(xie)商確定(ding)(ding)(ding)”。

5. 對65%硝(xiao)酸法所用硝(xiao)酸濃度添加注釋說明   

   此(ci)前研究(jiu)表(biao)明(ming)，硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)對試驗結果影響較大。對于(yu)(yu)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，老版標準(zhun)有(you)專門說(shuo)明(ming)。如果按要(yao)求配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)65%±0.2%確實比較困難(nan)(nan)，需要(yao)通過滴(di)定來(lai)(lai)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，對于(yu)(yu)企(qi)(qi)業來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)存在(zai)困難(nan)(nan)。更新版標準(zhun)將在(zai)文末添(tian)(tian)加(jia)“（ρ20=1.40g/mL）”以表(biao)示(shi)可以采用(yong)比重法(fa)(fa)間接測定所配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)溶液(ye)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)是(shi)否符合(he)要(yao)求。 此(ci)外，從該方(fang)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)溶液(ye)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過程反(fan)饋的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)看，有(you)些企(qi)(qi)業和單位會參(can)照美(mei)國(guo)(guo)ASTM A262中的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)（比率為(wei)每升濃(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)添(tian)(tian)加(jia)108mL水）配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。但這在(zai)我國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)情下(xia)是(shi)不(bu)可取的(de)(de)(de)。美(mei)標的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)本身沒有(you)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)，問(wen)(wen)題(ti)在(zai)于(yu)(yu)所用(yong)濃(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)并不(bu)相同。國(guo)(guo)際標準(zhun)ISO和美(mei)國(guo)(guo)ASTM標準(zhun)中對于(yu)(yu)濃(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)規定是(shi)69%~71%;而(er)我國(guo)(guo)GB/T 626中對于(yu)(yu)濃(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)規定為(wei)65%~68%。即(ji)所用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)的(de)(de)(de)初始(shi)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)就(jiu)不(bu)一致，如果使用(yong)我國(guo)(guo)生產的(de)(de)(de)符合(he)GB/T 626的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)去(qu)按照美(mei)國(guo)(guo)ASTM A626中的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)出的(de)(de)(de)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)將明(ming)顯(xian)低于(yu)(yu)65%。遂(sui)在(zai)標準(zhun)更新版中添(tian)(tian)加(jia)一了段注釋：“本標準(zhun)所用(yong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)（質量(liang)分數65%~68%），與(yu)美(mei)國(guo)(guo)ASTM A262所用(yong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)（質量(liang)分數69%~71%）不(bu)同，不(bu)能(neng)采用(yong)ASTM A262所規定硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)溶液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)式來(lai)(lai)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本標準(zhun)用(yong)65%硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)溶液(ye)。”

6. 對(dui)彎曲法的參數進行了修改   

   GB/T 4334自從第一(yi)版以(yi)來(lai)(lai)，就(jiu)有行(xing)業(ye)專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其中銅(tong)-硫(liu)酸(suan)銅(tong)-16%硫(liu)酸(suan)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)相(xiang)比國(guo)外過(guo)(guo)(guo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)嚴苛(ke)(ke)，導致對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)此(ci)(ci)(ci)參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爭議一(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)。GB/T 4334-2008對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)如(ru)下：“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)、焊管(guan)(guan)和(he)焊接(jie)件(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180°，焊管(guan)(guan)舟形(xing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)沿(yan)垂(chui)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)焊縫方(fang)向(xiang)進(jin)行(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，焊接(jie)接(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)沿(yan)熔合(he)線(xian)進(jin)行(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。鑄(zhu)(zhu)鋼(gang)件(jian)(jian)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)90°。試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，當(dang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1mm時(shi)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1mm；當(dang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1mm時(shi)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)5mm。”這一(yi)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)最早沿(yan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)自GB 4334.5-1990。當(dang)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認識是(shi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果(guo)影(ying)響(xiang)較(jiao)小(xiao)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)便而統一(yi)成兩個壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。 然而，近年來(lai)(lai)無論(lun)是(shi)理(li)(li)論(lun)計算還(huan)是(shi)實(shi)(shi)際實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)都表明(ming)(ming)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果(guo)有很大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)。尤其是(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)較(jiao)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)且(qie)本身塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)差(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)會出現試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)冷塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)差(cha)而導致開(kai)裂(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，從而增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)了(le)(le)大(da)(da)(da)(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金相(xiang)檢(jian)測工(gong)(gong)作。例如(ru)大(da)(da)(da)(da)量(liang)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)研(yan)究表明(ming)(ming)，焊接(jie)接(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)本身較(jiao)差(cha)，即使不(bu)(bu)經(jing)晶(jing)間(jian)腐蝕試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)，許多材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)稍(shao)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空白(bai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)按GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)到180°也會由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)冷變(bian)(bian)形(xing)超過(guo)(guo)(guo)其塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)而導致開(kai)裂(lie)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)這類低塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)，ASTM標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)特意(yi)聲明(ming)(ming)，不(bu)(bu)須彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)180°，而是(shi)通過(guo)(guo)(guo)未經(jing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空白(bai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)來(lai)(lai)獲(huo)得該材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)不(bu)(bu)產生(sheng)冷彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)裂(lie)紋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大(da)(da)(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，并(bing)以(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)晶(jing)間(jian)腐蝕試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)后試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)來(lai)(lai)評定(ding)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)是(shi)否產生(sheng)晶(jing)間(jian)腐蝕開(kai)裂(lie)。ISO 3651-2對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)不(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩倍，鑄(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)不(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4倍。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求是(shi)不(bu)(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°。 此(ci)(ci)(ci)外，我國(guo)鎳基(ji)合(he)金晶(jing)間(jian)腐蝕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)GB/T 15260-2016對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)是(shi)，“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)半徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)等(deng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩倍，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)”，與(yu)(yu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)同(tong)(tong)時(shi)，也特別說明(ming)(ming)“對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)韌性(xing)(xing)(xing)低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)，應(ying)通過(guo)(guo)(guo)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)一(yi)個與(yu)(yu)被試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)材(cai)(cai)質及(ji)(ji)形(xing)狀(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空白(bai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)決定(ding)不(bu)(bu)發(fa)生(sheng)裂(lie)紋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大(da)(da)(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)”，這與(yu)(yu)ASTM A262是(shi)相(xiang)似的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。有行(xing)業(ye)專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先進(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)科學性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)合(he)理(li)(li)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，而并(bing)非嚴苛(ke)(ke)性(xing)(xing)(xing)。當(dang)前(qian)GB/T 4334-2008對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求過(guo)(guo)(guo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)嚴苛(ke)(ke)，導致了(le)(le)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)該標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)中方(fang)法(fa)E往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)了(le)(le)很大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后期(qi)檢(jian)驗(yan)工(gong)(gong)作量(liang)，方(fang)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)也因此(ci)(ci)(ci)大(da)(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)(da)降低，遠不(bu)(bu)能滿足(zu)當(dang)前(qian)工(gong)(gong)程實(shi)(shi)際的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)(yao)。因此(ci)(ci)(ci)，結合(he)眾多專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)意(yi)見及(ji)(ji)文獻，參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)考(kao)ASTM A262、ISO 3651-2以(yi)及(ji)(ji)我國(guo)GB/T 15260對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)進(jin)行(xing)更改非常有必(bi)要(yao)(yao)。 本次(ci)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修改參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)照ISO標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)，經(jing)修改后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)：“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180°。鑄(zhu)(zhu)鋼(gang)件(jian)(jian)、焊管(guan)(guan)和(he)焊接(jie)件(jian)(jian)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°，焊管(guan)(guan)舟形(xing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)沿(yan)垂(chui)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)焊縫方(fang)向(xiang)進(jin)行(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，焊接(jie)接(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)沿(yan)熔合(he)線(xian)進(jin)行(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)低韌性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)，可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)個未經(jing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)確定(ding)其不(bu)(bu)發(fa)生(sheng)開(kai)裂(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大(da)(da)(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，以(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。”在(zai)GB/T 4334-2008版的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上(shang)(shang)，保留(liu)了(le)(le)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180°，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)焊管(guan)(guan)和(he)焊接(jie)件(jian)(jian)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)由(you)(you)原(yuan)來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)180°變(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“不(bu)(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°”，主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)考(kao)慮(lv)到焊接(jie)件(jian)(jian)本身塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)差(cha)，當(dang)前(qian)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)上(shang)(shang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)焊接(jie)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)也常采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)90°彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)90°變(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°求兼容了(le)(le)此(ci)(ci)(ci)前(qian)版本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求。 此(ci)(ci)(ci)外，還(huan)針對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)低塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)進(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)特別說明(ming)(ming)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)次(ci)變(bian)(bian)更“對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)應(ying)不(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍；對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)鋼(gang)件(jian)(jian)、焊管(guan)(guan)和(he)焊接(jie)件(jian)(jian)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)應(ying)不(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4倍”，這與(yu)(yu)ISO標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)等(deng)同(tong)(tong)。相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)ASTM標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優點在(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)不(bu)(bu)需要(yao)(yao)針對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)每個厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)。至于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)原(yuan)來(lai)(lai)5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，在(zai)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)下對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)而言適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)2.5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所有試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)、焊接(jie)件(jian)(jian)等(deng)低塑(su)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)則適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)1.25mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。

7. 對(dui)標(biao)準(zhun)名(ming)稱進行了(le)變更(geng)   

   近年來，由于鐵素(su)體不銹(xiu)鋼的晶間腐蝕標準GB/T 31935-2015《金屬和合金的腐蝕 低鉻鐵素體不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》、GB/T 32571-2016《金屬和合金的腐蝕 高鉻鐵素體不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》先后發布，對于鐵素體不銹鋼而言已經有了獨立的晶間腐蝕試驗標準體系，所以GB/T 4334-2008《金屬和合金的腐蝕 不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》這一名稱已明顯不合適，本次修訂后，GB/T 4334的適用范圍將包括奧氏體不銹鋼以及雙相不銹鋼，遂將標準名稱改成“金屬和合金的腐蝕 奧氏體及雙相(鐵素體-奧氏體)不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法”。