本次GB/T 4334標準的修訂，將標準名稱變更為《金屬和合金的腐蝕 奧氏體及雙相(鐵素體-奧氏體)不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》，通過名稱明確了上述體系中各標準的適用范圍，便于使用和實施。同時，廢除了方法D—不銹鋼硝酸-氫氟酸腐蝕試驗方法，增加了方法F—銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸腐蝕試驗方法和方法G—40%硫酸-硫酸鐵腐蝕試驗方法，修改了敏化制度和彎曲實驗參數等技術指標。通過本次修訂，提高了不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法標準的科學性、經濟性和實用性，有助于指導和規范高鉻鉬奧氏體不銹鋼及雙相(xiang)不銹鋼生產和驗收，有助于提高我國不銹鋼(gang)產品的技術性能、安全可靠性及環保性能。 前不久，由冶金工業信息標準研究院組織的GB/T 4334《金屬和合金的腐蝕不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》等兩項國家標準和一項國家標準外文版審定會在江蘇無錫順利召開。經過兩輪會議評審的GB/T 4334確定了最終的送審稿。私作為該分技術委員會的委員，全程參與了該標準的修訂過程，下面就為各位提前“劇透”下更新版的主要修改內容。“劇透”的主要目的是為了向小伙伴們闡明專家組對于各修訂之處的原因和意圖，便于大家更好地理解更新版標準的改動之處。預計更新版標準將于2020年正式發布實施，希望屆時都能夠更好地執行。
1. 淘汰落后的硝(xiao)酸-氫氟(fu)酸法(fa)
我(wo)國GB/T 4334-2008中的(de)D法(fa)(fa)——不銹(xiu)鋼硝(xiao)酸(suan)-氫(qing)(qing)氟(fu)(fu)(fu)酸(suan)試(shi)(shi)驗法(fa)(fa)最早于1984年(nian)(nian)修改(gai)采用自日本(ben)(ben)(ben)的(de)JIS G 0574-1980。美國ASTM A262的(de)早期(qi)版本(ben)(ben)(ben)中也包含(han)了硝(xiao)酸(suan)-氫(qing)(qing)氟(fu)(fu)(fu)酸(suan)法(fa)(fa)，但在1993年(nian)(nian)以后的(de)版本(ben)(ben)(ben)中此(ci)(ci)法(fa)(fa)遭到淘汰(tai)，隨后日本(ben)(ben)(ben)也廢(fei)(fei)除(chu)了JIS G 0574，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)當(dang)前其他(ta)各國標準中均無此(ci)(ci)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)。硝(xiao)酸(suan)-氫(qing)(qing)氟(fu)(fu)(fu)酸(suan)法(fa)(fa)具有如下特(te)點：不銹(xiu)鋼在此(ci)(ci)試(shi)(shi)驗溶液中的(de)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)電位(wei)處在活(huo)化-鈍化區，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)會(hui)伴有嚴重的(de)全(quan)(quan)面腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)。所(suo)以，試(shi)(shi)樣必須采用參照試(shi)(shi)樣，借助腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)速(su)率比值(zhi)的(de)評定方(fang)法(fa)(fa)來篩除(chu)全(quan)(quan)面腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)的(de)干擾影響(xiang)。此(ci)(ci)外，試(shi)(shi)驗時(shi)的(de)溫度為70°C而不采用沸(fei)騰，控制相對不便；試(shi)(shi)驗溶液含(han)有劇(ju)毒的(de)氫(qing)(qing)氟(fu)(fu)(fu)酸(suan)，不能使用常規的(de)玻璃容器，而需采用耐硝(xiao)酸(suan)和氫(qing)(qing)氟(fu)(fu)(fu)酸(suan)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)的(de)特(te)制塑料容器，這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)因(yin)素(su)都在一定程度上影響(xiang)了該方(fang)法(fa)(fa)，導致(zhi)該方(fang)法(fa)(fa)幾乎從(cong)未被廣泛使用過。由于硝(xiao)酸(suan)-氫(qing)(qing)氟(fu)(fu)(fu)酸(suan)法(fa)(fa)的(de)這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)特(te)點，這(zhe)一方(fang)法(fa)(fa)在國標GB/T 4334-2008中名存(cun)實(shi)亡，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)更(geng)新(xin)版標準將(jiang)該方(fang)法(fa)(fa)廢(fei)(fei)除(chu)。
2. 新增兩(liang)個實驗方法使適用范圍進一步(bu)擴大(da)
GB/T 4334-2008修改采用自ISO 3651-1,3651-2。但是只保留了ISO 3651-1中的硝酸法和ISO 3651-2中A法——銅-硫酸銅-16%硫酸法。而對于ISO 3651-2中B 法——銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法則并未納入，此外，GB/T 4334-2008方法B名義上由ISO 3651-2中C法變更而來，實際相對于早期版本并無實質變化。GB/T 4334 的早期版本GB/T 4334.1~5-1980 和GB/T 4334.1~5-2000 最早非等效采用日本標準JIS G 0571~0575。而在1999年，日本對這幾個標準進行了較大的修改，由原先的ASTM體系逐漸向ISO體系靠攏。JIS G 0575-1999在原先銅-硫酸銅-16%硫酸法的基礎上，增加了銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法，JIS G 0572-2006將原來與ASTM A262中B法等同的50%硫酸-硫酸鐵法變更成與ISO等效的40%硫酸-硫酸鐵法。這兩項變化使日本晶間腐蝕標準的適用范圍得到了較大的擴展，即適用范圍由僅適用于奧氏體不銹鋼進一步擴大到了雙相不銹鋼。但我國標準從2000版到2008 版內容卻無實質變化。根據GB/T 4334-2008的前言所述，與相應ISO標準相比，本標準方法C的適用范圍不包括雙相不銹鋼；方法B適用范圍不包括鐵素體不銹鋼。但實際上，在GB/T 4334-2008正文的第一章“范圍”中，方法A、B、C和D所明確指定的適用范圍都僅局限于奧氏體不銹鋼。在GB/T 4334-2008中，僅方法E明確指出“適用于奧氏體、奧氏體-鐵素體不銹鋼…”。這種情況下，對于雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試樣方法選擇范圍過于單一。此外，GB/T 4334-2008在方法A中列出了一些不銹鋼牌號所適用的晶間腐蝕試驗方法，這些牌號都是Cr含量全部低于20%的300系不銹鋼。對于Cr、Mo含量更高的奧氏體不銹鋼以及雙相不銹鋼都沒有相應的說明，這在我國超級不銹鋼發展日益成熟的今天顯然有些過時。硫酸-硫酸銅法中決定其腐蝕性的主要是硫酸濃度，對于用在不太惡劣環境下的300系不銹鋼，如304不銹鋼、316不銹(xiu)鋼等，16%的硫酸-硫酸銅法已被廣泛證明是合適的。但是，對用于更惡劣環境下的高鉻、鉬不銹鋼，采用16%的硫酸-硫酸銅法檢驗晶間腐蝕的結果往往與工程實際不符合。此時，一般應選用更高濃度的硫酸。美、日、俄及ISO標準中都包含了更高濃度的硫酸-硫酸銅法，鑒于我國超級不銹鋼使用的日益廣泛，將更高濃度的硫酸法納入標準已顯得非常迫切。 當前，由于我國標準體系在高鉻鉬含量不銹鋼及雙相不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法方面的不夠完善，導致國內部分不銹鋼產品在晶間腐蝕檢驗時面臨無相關國家標準可依的窘境，而只能選用國際標準。例如，針對雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕檢驗，GB/T 21433-2008《不銹鋼壓力容器晶間腐蝕敏感性檢驗》就不得不引用了ISO 3651-(1~2)。 鑒于近年來不銹鋼產業在我國的迅猛發展，將適用于高鉻鉬含量奧氏體不銹鋼及雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試驗方法納入不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試驗標準顯得日益迫切。結合國外標準及我國對晶間腐蝕試驗方法的使用情況，本次標準的修訂將在GB/T 4334-2008的基礎上增加銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法及40%硫酸-硫酸鐵法。
3. 對(dui)取(qu)樣和制備、試驗報(bao)告進行了部分(fen)調整(zheng)
GB/T 31935-2015及(ji)GB/T 32571-2016內(nei)容中關于“取(qu)樣(yang)和(he)制備”及(ji)“試(shi)驗(yan)報告”部分(fen)參考了GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)(biao)準，并(bing)同時進(jin)行(xing)了很好的(de)(de)改進(jin)，體現(xian)了“先進(jin)性(xing)、科學性(xing)和(he)合理性(xing)”；本次GB/T 4334的(de)(de)修(xiu)訂(ding)在“取(qu)樣(yang)和(he)制備”及(ji)“試(shi)驗(yan)報告”部分(fen)與上(shang)述(shu)兩(liang)(liang)標(biao)(biao)準進(jin)行(xing)了適(shi)當的(de)(de)等同，既保(bao)證了本標(biao)(biao)準的(de)(de)先進(jin)性(xing)，同時又使不(bu)同類型(xing)不(bu)銹鋼(gang)的(de)(de)晶間腐蝕試(shi)驗(yan)取(qu)樣(yang)標(biao)(biao)準得到了統一(yi)。此外，對(dui)于彎(wan)曲法(fa)的(de)(de)取(qu)樣(yang)根據GB/T 4338-2008標(biao)(biao)準在實(shi)際使用過(guo)程中遇到的(de)(de)問題以及(ji)多方意見(jian)增加了附注，即“對(dui)于較厚的(de)(de)試(shi)樣(yang)，若無法(fa)彎(wan)曲兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)被檢驗(yan)面(mian)(mian)，則可取(qu)兩(liang)(liang)組各(ge)(ge)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)試(shi)樣(yang)。取(qu)樣(yang)時標(biao)(biao)記出各(ge)(ge)試(shi)樣(yang)相同的(de)(de)某(mou)一(yi)樣(yang)面(mian)(mian)。試(shi)驗(yan)后，兩(liang)(liang)組試(shi)樣(yang)分(fen)別彎(wan)曲被標(biao)(biao)記面(mian)(mian)和(he)未標(biao)(biao)記面(mian)(mian)”，增加了標(biao)(biao)準的(de)(de)實(shi)用性(xing)和(he)可操作性(xing)。
4. 對(dui)敏化制度進行了部分調(diao)整
早(zao)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)間(jian)腐蝕(shi)(shi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)主要為(wei)(wei)(wei)美(mei)、俄兩個(ge)體系標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)，其敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)當時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)均為(wei)(wei)(wei) 2h，20世紀70年代后(hou)均改為(wei)(wei)(wei)1h，說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)2h偏長。根據合肥通用(yong)機(ji)械研究院的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)量(liang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)分析(xi)，8mm左右(you)厚度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)18-8鋼(gang)(gang)板，正常焊條(tiao)電弧焊試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)間(jian)腐蝕(shi)(shi)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)約不(bu)(bu)超(chao)過鋼(gang)(gang)板試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣經650°C敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)15min的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)間(jian)腐蝕(shi)(shi)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)。所以(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)要求(qiu)650°C保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)兩小時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)是相對(dui)(dui)較(jiao)嚴苛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，該參數最早(zao)也源自日本JIS G 0571~0575-1980。但日標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)1999年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修訂版(ban)(ban)(ban)中(zhong)就將(jiang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)與ISO進行了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)等同(tong)(tong)，從(cong)而(er)(er)將(jiang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)縮短了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)。GB/T 4334.2-2000、GB/T 4334.3-2000、GB/T 4334.4-2000對(dui)(dui)低(di)碳(tan)(tan)和穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)奧氏體不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)作出規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)后(hou)，都另外(wai)說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)“根據雙方(fang)協議，也可以(yi)(yi)(yi)用(yong)其他敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)”，而(er)(er)在(zai)(zai)(zai)GB/T 4334.1-2000和GB/T 4334.5-2000中(zhong)，卻(que)沒有(you)(you)(you)關于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)協商的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)款。到了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)GB/T 4334-2008版(ban)(ban)(ban)中(zhong)，則把(ba)所有(you)(you)(you)方(fang)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)統一(yi)(yi)(yi)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“對(dui)(dui)超(chao)低(di)碳(tan)(tan)鋼(gang)(gang)（碳(tan)(tan)含(han)量(liang)不(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)0.03%）和穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鋼(gang)(gang)種（添加鈦或(huo)鈮），敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)650℃，壓(ya)力加工(gong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)2h，鑄(zhu)件保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)1 h，空(kong)冷(leng)。”而(er)(er)無供(gong)需雙方(fang)協商條(tiao)款。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)，從(cong)各(ge)工(gong)業(ye)企業(ye)反饋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意見來看(kan)，普遍認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)限定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)過于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)死(si)板，導(dao)致試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)沒有(you)(you)(you)任何調整空(kong)間(jian)。而(er)(er)實際上，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)牌號、不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)合金含(han)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)，其第二相析(xi)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)感溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)是有(you)(you)(you)差異的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，將(jiang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)限定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)固定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)顯然不(bu)(bu)夠合理(li)，美(mei)國ASTM A262標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍為(wei)(wei)(wei)650~675°C，同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)也允許供(gong)需雙方(fang)協商敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)及(ji)(ji)隨后(hou)冷(leng)卻(que)方(fang)式，ISO及(ji)(ji)日本JIS標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)對(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)也提(ti)供(gong)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇(ze)。可以(yi)(yi)(yi)說(shuo)，將(jiang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)嚴格限定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)明(ming)(ming)顯地違背了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)科(ke)學性原則。 可以(yi)(yi)(yi)看(kan)到： (1) ASTM A262僅強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要求(qiu)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)650~675°C，對(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)和冷(leng)卻(que)方(fang)式不(bu)(bu)作強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要求(qiu)，但是推(tui)薦了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)，即 675°C，保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)1h； (2) ISO 3651-2提(ti)供(gong)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)兩種供(gong)選的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)，對(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)、時(shi)(shi)間(jian)及(ji)(ji)冷(leng)卻(que)方(fang)式均做出了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)明(ming)(ming)確規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)； (3) JIS G 0575推(tui)薦采用(yong)ISO 3651-2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)，但特別(bie)說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)“經供(gong)需雙方(fang)協商，可以(yi)(yi)(yi)采用(yong)其他敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)”； (4) GB/T 4334-2008強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要求(qiu)執行一(yi)(yi)(yi)種敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)，即“650°C，壓(ya)力加試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)2h，鑄(zhu)件保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)1h，空(kong)冷(leng)”。 此外(wai)，美(mei)國ASTM A262在(zai)(zai)(zai)銅-硫(liu)酸銅-16%硫(liu)酸法(fa)中(zhong)，特別(bie)說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)除非(fei)需方(fang)特別(bie)聲明(ming)(ming)，否則可以(yi)(yi)(yi)使(shi)用(yong)ISO 3651-2中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)A法(fa)替(ti)代本法(fa)，同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)使(shi)用(yong)ISO標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)提(ti)供(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)表明(ming)(ming) ASTM標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)對(dui)(dui)ISO標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)也是認(ren)可的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因此，針對(dui)(dui)晶(jing)間(jian)腐蝕(shi)(shi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)，標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)更新版(ban)(ban)(ban)不(bu)(bu)再作強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要求(qiu)，考慮(lv)到國內長期以(yi)(yi)(yi)來一(yi)(yi)(yi)些設計選材對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連續性要求(qiu)，對(dui)(dui)奧氏體不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)維持推(tui)薦采用(yong)GB/T 4334-2008版(ban)(ban)(ban)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)；對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)雙相不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)，已(yi)有(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)量(liang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)和研究表明(ming)(ming)，使(shi)用(yong)GB/T 4334-2008版(ban)(ban)(ban)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)往往造成試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)過程(cheng)中(zhong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非(fei)晶(jing)間(jian)腐蝕(shi)(shi)開裂(lie)，從(cong)而(er)(er)增加大(da)(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鑒定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)工(gong)作量(liang)，因此我們推(tui)薦采用(yong)使(shi)用(yong)范圍更加廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)ISO3651-2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)其他不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)，則規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)“試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣是否需要敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處理(li)和采取何種敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)，由產品標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)或(huo)供(gong)需雙方(fang)協商確定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)”。
5. 對65%硝(xiao)酸法所(suo)用硝(xiao)酸濃度添加注釋說明
此前研(yan)究(jiu)表(biao)(biao)明，硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度對(dui)試驗結果(guo)(guo)影響較大。對(dui)于(yu)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)的(de)(de)配制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，老版標準(zhun)(zhun)有專(zhuan)門說明。如果(guo)(guo)按要(yao)求配制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)65%±0.2%確實比較困難，需要(yao)通(tong)過滴定(ding)來配制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，對(dui)于(yu)企業(ye)來說存在(zai)困難。更(geng)(geng)新版標準(zhun)(zhun)將在(zai)文末添加“（ρ20=1.40g/mL）”以(yi)表(biao)(biao)示可以(yi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)比重法(fa)間接測定(ding)所配溶液(ye)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度是(shi)否(fou)符(fu)合要(yao)求。 此外(wai)，從(cong)該方(fang)法(fa)的(de)(de)溶液(ye)配制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過程(cheng)反饋的(de)(de)情(qing)況看，有些企業(ye)和單位會參照(zhao)美(mei)國(guo)ASTM A262中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)配制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)（比率為(wei)每升濃(nong)(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)添加108mL水）配制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。但這在(zai)我國(guo)國(guo)情(qing)下是(shi)不可取(qu)的(de)(de)。美(mei)標的(de)(de)配制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)本(ben)身沒有問(wen)題，問(wen)題在(zai)于(yu)所用(yong)(yong)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)的(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度并不相(xiang)同(tong)。國(guo)際標準(zhun)(zhun)ISO和美(mei)國(guo)ASTM標準(zhun)(zhun)中(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)于(yu)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)的(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度規定(ding)是(shi)69%~71%;而我國(guo)GB/T 626中(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)于(yu)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)的(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度規定(ding)為(wei)65%~68%。即所用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)的(de)(de)初始(shi)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度就不一(yi)(yi)致，如果(guo)(guo)使用(yong)(yong)我國(guo)生產(chan)的(de)(de)符(fu)合GB/T 626的(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)去(qu)按照(zhao)美(mei)國(guo)ASTM A626中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)配制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)配出的(de)(de)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度將明顯(xian)低于(yu)65%。遂在(zai)標準(zhun)(zhun)更(geng)(geng)新版中(zhong)(zhong)添加一(yi)(yi)了段注釋(shi)：“本(ben)標準(zhun)(zhun)所用(yong)(yong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)（質(zhi)量分數(shu)65%~68%），與美(mei)國(guo)ASTM A262所用(yong)(yong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)（質(zhi)量分數(shu)69%~71%）不同(tong)，不能采(cai)用(yong)(yong)ASTM A262所規定(ding)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)溶液(ye)的(de)(de)配制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)式來配制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)標準(zhun)(zhun)用(yong)(yong)65%硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)溶液(ye)。”
6. 對(dui)彎(wan)曲法的參數進行了(le)修改
GB/T 4334自從第(di)一(yi)(yi)版(ban)(ban)以(yi)來(lai)，就有(you)行(xing)業(ye)專(zhuan)家認為(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)中銅(tong)-硫(liu)酸(suan)銅(tong)-16%硫(liu)酸(suan)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)數相比國外(wai)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)嚴(yan)(yan)苛，導致(zhi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)此(ci)參(can)(can)數的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爭(zheng)議一(yi)(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)較大(da)(da)(da)(da)。GB/T 4334-2008對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)數的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)如(ru)(ru)下：“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)管和焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)180°，焊(han)(han)管舟形試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)沿(yan)垂直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)焊(han)(han)縫方(fang)向進(jin)行(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)沿(yan)熔(rong)合(he)線進(jin)行(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。鑄(zhu)鋼(gang)(gang)件(jian)(jian)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)90°。試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，當(dang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1mm時，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1mm；當(dang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1mm時，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)5mm。”這一(yi)(yi)規(gui)定(ding)最(zui)早沿(yan)用(yong)自GB 4334.5-1990。當(dang)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認識(shi)是(shi)(shi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果(guo)影(ying)響較小(xiao)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)使用(yong)方(fang)便而統一(yi)(yi)成兩(liang)個(ge)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。 然(ran)而，近(jin)年來(lai)無論是(shi)(shi)理論計算還是(shi)(shi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)際(ji)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)都表(biao)明(ming)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果(guo)有(you)很大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響。尤其(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)較厚(hou)且(qie)本身塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)較差的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，采用(yong)5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)往(wang)往(wang)會出現試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)由于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)冷塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)較差而導致(zhi)開裂(lie)(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)，從而增加(jia)了(le)(le)大(da)(da)(da)(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金相檢(jian)測工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。例如(ru)(ru)大(da)(da)(da)(da)量(liang)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)研究(jiu)表(biao)明(ming)，焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)由于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)本身較差，即使不(bu)經(jing)晶(jing)間(jian)腐(fu)蝕試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，許多材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)稍厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)白(bai)(bai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)按GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)到(dao)180°也會由于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)冷變形超過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)其(qi)(qi)塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)而導致(zhi)開裂(lie)(lie)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)這類低塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)，ASTM標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)特(te)意聲明(ming)，不(bu)須彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)180°，而是(shi)(shi)通過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)未經(jing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)白(bai)(bai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)來(lai)獲得該材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)不(bu)產生冷彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)裂(lie)(lie)紋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)，并(bing)以(yi)此(ci)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)晶(jing)間(jian)腐(fu)蝕試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)后試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)來(lai)評(ping)定(ding)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)是(shi)(shi)否產生晶(jing)間(jian)腐(fu)蝕開裂(lie)(lie)。ISO 3651-2對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)不(bu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)倍，鑄(zhu)件(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)不(bu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4倍。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°。 此(ci)外(wai)，我國鎳基合(he)金晶(jing)間(jian)腐(fu)蝕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)GB/T 15260-2016對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)數的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)是(shi)(shi)，“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)半(ban)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)等于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)倍，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)180度(du)(du)(du)(du)”，與此(ci)同時，也特(te)別(bie)說明(ming)“對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)韌性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)，應(ying)通過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)與被試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)相同材(cai)(cai)質(zhi)及(ji)形狀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)白(bai)(bai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)決定(ding)不(bu)發生裂(lie)(lie)紋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)”，這與ASTM A262是(shi)(shi)相似的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。有(you)行(xing)業(ye)專(zhuan)家認為(wei)(wei)(wei)，標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先(xian)進(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)科學(xue)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和合(he)理性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，而并(bing)非嚴(yan)(yan)苛性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。當(dang)前GB/T 4334-2008對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)數的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)嚴(yan)(yan)苛，導致(zhi)了(le)(le)使用(yong)該標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)中方(fang)法(fa)E往(wang)往(wang)增加(jia)了(le)(le)很大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后期檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)量(liang)，方(fang)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也因此(ci)大(da)(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)(da)降低，遠不(bu)能滿足當(dang)前工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)(yao)。因此(ci)，結合(he)眾多專(zhuan)家意見(jian)及(ji)文獻，參(can)(can)考ASTM A262、ISO 3651-2以(yi)及(ji)我國GB/T 15260對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)參(can)(can)數進(jin)行(xing)更改非常有(you)必要(yao)(yao)。 本次(ci)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)數的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修改參(can)(can)照ISO標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，經(jing)修改后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)參(can)(can)數為(wei)(wei)(wei)：“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)180°。鑄(zhu)鋼(gang)(gang)件(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)管和焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°，焊(han)(han)管舟形試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)沿(yan)垂直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)焊(han)(han)縫方(fang)向進(jin)行(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)沿(yan)熔(rong)合(he)線進(jin)行(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)低韌性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)，可用(yong)采用(yong)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)未經(jing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)確定(ding)其(qi)(qi)不(bu)發生開裂(lie)(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)，以(yi)此(ci)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)。”在(zai)GB/T 4334-2008版(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上，保留(liu)了(le)(le)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)180°，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)焊(han)(han)管和焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)規(gui)定(ding)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)由原(yuan)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)180°變為(wei)(wei)(wei)“不(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°”，主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)考慮(lv)到(dao)焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)本身塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)較差，當(dang)前工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)上對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)也常采用(yong)90°彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄(zhu)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)90°變為(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°求(qiu)兼容了(le)(le)此(ci)前版(ban)(ban)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。 此(ci)外(wai)，還針對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)低塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)進(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)特(te)別(bie)說明(ming)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，此(ci)次(ci)變更“對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)應(ying)不(bu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍；對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄(zhu)鋼(gang)(gang)件(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)管和焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)應(ying)不(bu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4倍”，這與ISO標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)等同。相對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)ASTM標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優點在(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)不(bu)需要(yao)(yao)針對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)每個(ge)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)采用(yong)不(bu)同直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)。至于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)原(yuan)來(lai)5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)，在(zai)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)規(gui)定(ding)下對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)而言適(shi)(shi)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)2.5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所有(you)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄(zhu)件(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)等低塑(su)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)則適(shi)(shi)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)1.25mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。
7. 對標準名(ming)稱進行了(le)變更(geng)
近年來，由于鐵素體(ti)不銹鋼(gang)的晶間腐蝕標準GB/T 31935-2015《金屬和合金的腐蝕 低鉻鐵素體不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》、GB/T 32571-2016《金屬和合金的腐蝕 高鉻鐵素體不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》先后發布，對于鐵素體不銹鋼而言已經有了獨立的晶間腐蝕試驗標準體系，所以GB/T 4334-2008《金屬和合金的腐蝕 不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》這一名稱已明顯不合適，本次修訂后，GB/T 4334的適用范圍將包括奧氏體不銹鋼以及雙相不銹鋼，遂將標準名稱改成“金屬和合金的腐蝕 奧氏體及雙相(鐵素體-奧氏體)不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法”。
