幾乎所有的焊接方法都可以用于焊接不銹鋼，不過因不(bu)銹鋼種類的不同而有所不同。目前常用的不銹鋼熔化焊方法包括手工電弧焊、埋弧自動焊、鎢極惰性氣體保護焊、熔化極氣體保護焊、等離子弧(hu)焊等，另外，電子束焊和激光焊有時也被采用。

1. 手工電弧(hu)焊

  手(shou)(shou)工(gong)(gong)電弧(hu)焊(han)(han)是用(yong)手(shou)(shou)工(gong)(gong)操作(zuo)電焊(han)(han)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)進行焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)的(de)一種焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)方法。手(shou)(shou)工(gong)(gong)電弧(hu)焊(han)(han)時，利用(yong)焊(han)(han)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)和(he)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)之間產生電弧(hu)將焊(han)(han)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)和(he)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)局部加熱到熔(rong)(rong)化狀態(tai)，焊(han)(han)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)端(duan)部熔(rong)(rong)化后的(de)熔(rong)(rong)滴和(he)熔(rong)(rong)化的(de)母材融合在(zai)(zai)一起形成熔(rong)(rong)池，隨著電弧(hu)向前移動，熔(rong)(rong)池液態(tai)金屬逐步冷卻結晶形成焊(han)(han)縫。不(bu)銹鋼的(de)手(shou)(shou)工(gong)(gong)電弧(hu)焊(han)(han)，應用(yong)最為廣泛，可用(yong)于(yu)(yu)各類不(bu)銹鋼的(de)焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)。其(qi)特點是手(shou)(shou)工(gong)(gong)電弧(hu)焊(han)(han)的(de)熱影響區(qu)較小，易于(yu)(yu)保證(zheng)質量，設備簡單，操作(zuo)靈活，適應各種焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)位置與不(bu)同板厚的(de)工(gong)(gong)藝要求。現在(zai)(zai)，不(bu)銹鋼焊(han)(han)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)也基本能夠滿(man)足各類不(bu)銹鋼的(de)焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)要求，在(zai)(zai)焊(han)(han)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)選用(yong)上幾乎不(bu)受限制。

  缺點是(shi)生(sheng)產效率低；勞(lao)動條(tiao)件差；對焊(han)工的要求(qiu)較(jiao)高(gao)，在(zai)許多(duo)場合下(xia)，焊(han)工必(bi)須具備相當的資格；有些材料的焊(han)條(tiao)熔敷金屬(shu)還達不到使用要求(qiu)，如(ru)超高(gao)純不銹鋼；工件厚度一般在(zai)1mm以下(xia)的薄板(ban)不適于手(shou)工電弧焊(han)。

2. 埋弧(hu)自動焊(han)

  埋(mai)弧(hu)自動(dong)焊是將(jiang)焊接電(dian)弧(hu)用一層顆(ke)粒狀的(de)可熔(rong)化焊劑覆蓋在下面，電(dian)弧(hu)光不(bu)外露的(de)一種焊接方法(fa)。目前(qian)主要用于奧氏體不(bu)銹鋼中厚板的(de)焊接，其特(te)點是焊接電(dian)流大(da)，熔(rong)深(shen)大(da)，工(gong)件的(de)坡口可較(jiao)小；焊接速(su)度快，生產效率高(gao)；焊縫金(jin)屬凝固較(jiao)慢，液體金(jin)屬與熔(rong)化的(de)焊劑間有較(jiao)多(duo)的(de)時間進行(xing)冶金(jin)反(fan)應，減(jian)少了(le)焊縫中產生氣(qi)孔(kong)的(de)可能性；焊縫成型(xing)美(mei)觀，工(gong)作環境好，操作容易，對焊工(gong)的(de)要求(qiu)相(xiang)對簡單。

  缺點是焊(han)接熱(re)輸人量(liang)大，熱(re)影響(xiang)區寬大，焊(han)縫(feng)組織粗大；選材(cai)時要特別(bie)考(kao)慮到(dao)焊(han)絲與焊(han)劑的(de)配合；焊(han)接位(wei)置(zhi)只(zhi)能是平焊(han)位(wei)置(zhi)；不能直接觀察電弧與坡口的(de)相對位(wei)置(zhi)，必須有(you)自動跟蹤裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。

3. 鎢極惰性氣體保護電焊

  鎢(wu)極惰(duo)性(xing)氣(qi)體保護焊(han)（英文簡稱TIG焊(han)）可分(fen)為手(shou)工(gong)焊(han)、半(ban)自動焊(han)和自動焊(han)三種。TIG焊(han)中的(de)鎢(wu)極氬弧焊(han)在不銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼中應用相(xiang)當普遍(bian)。它適應于(yu)全位置焊(han)接(jie)，一般不產生(sheng)飛濺，焊(han)縫成形美觀。特別(bie)適應薄件(jian)的(de)焊(han)接(jie)，在許多厚件(jian)的(de)坡口(kou)焊(han)接(jie)時，常用TIG打底，避免了手(shou)工(gong)電弧焊(han)易(yi)產生(sheng)裂紋和清渣困難的(de)缺(que)點。惰(duo)性(xing)氣(qi)體能有效地隔絕空氣(qi)，它本身又不溶于(yu)金(jin)屬，不和金(jin)屬反應，能保證不銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼的(de)化學成分(fen)要求。

  缺點是熔深淺，熔敷速度小，生產效(xiao)率(lv)低，生產成(cheng)本較(jiao)高。

4. 熔(rong)化極氣體保護焊

  熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)極(ji)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)弧焊(han)(han)(han)（GMAW)采用可(ke)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)焊(han)(han)(han)絲與(yu)被焊(han)(han)(han)工件之(zhi)間的(de)電(dian)弧作為(wei)熱源來熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)焊(han)(han)(han)絲和(he)母(mu)材(cai)金(jin)(jin)屬，并向(xiang)焊(han)(han)(han)接區輸送(song)(song)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，使電(dian)弧、熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)焊(han)(han)(han)絲、熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)池及附近的(de)母(mu)材(cai)金(jin)(jin)屬免受周圍空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)侵害。連續送(song)(song)進的(de)焊(han)(han)(han)絲金(jin)(jin)屬不(bu)斷(duan)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)并過渡到熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)池，與(yu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)母(mu)材(cai)金(jin)(jin)屬融合形成，式體(ti)(ti)(ti)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)焊(han)(han)(han)又分為(wei)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)極(ji)惰性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)極(ji)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)焊(han)(han)(han)可(ke)自(zi)動焊(han)(han)(han)，也可(ke)半自(zi)動好。化(hua)(hua)(hua)極(ji)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)焊(han)(han)(han)又分為(wei)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)極(ji)惰性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)焊(han)(han)(han)（MIG)、熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)極(ji)氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)性(xing)混合平自(zi)動樣（MAG)、二氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)碳氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)焊(han)(han)(han)和(he)藥芯焊(han)(han)(han)絲氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)焊(han)(han)(han)。

 熔(rong)(rong)化極(ji)惰性氣(qi)體保護焊(han)(han)（MIG)在不(bu)銹鋼的焊(han)(han)接(jie)中(zhong)(zhong)應用(yong)(yong)較(jiao)為普遍，通常采用(yong)(yong)惰性氣(qi)體的氬(ya)(ya)、氦或(huo)它(ta)們(men)的混合氣(qi)體作為焊(han)(han)接(jie)區(qu)的保護氣(qi)體，由(you)于焊(han)(han)絲(si)外表(biao)沒(mei)有涂料層，電流(liu)可(ke)大(da)大(da)提高，因而母(mu)材熔(rong)(rong)深大(da)，焊(han)(han)絲(si)熔(rong)(rong)化速度快，熔(rong)(rong)敷(fu)率(lv)高，與鎢(wu)極(ji)氬(ya)(ya)弧焊(han)(han)相比，可(ke)大(da)大(da)提高生生產(chan)效率(lv)。尤其適用(yong)(yong)于中(zhong)(zhong)厚板的焊(han)(han)接(jie)。

 5. 等離子弧焊

  等離子弧是一種壓縮電(dian)弧，由(you)于弧斷(duan)面被壓縮較小(xiao)，因(yin)而(er)能(neng)(neng)量集中、溫度(du)(du)高、焰流速(su)度(du)(du)大，因(yin)此等離子弧焊在一定(ding)母材(cai)厚度(du)(du)范(fan)圍(wei)內能(neng)(neng)充分(fen)熔(rong)透(tou)，尤其(qi)適合不銹(xiu)鋼鋼管(guan)縱縫的焊接。等離子弧焊的焊接速(su)度(du)(du)較TIG焊快(kuai)，電(dian)弧挺(ting)直性(xing)好(hao)，熱(re)影響區(qu)小(xiao)，能(neng)(neng)夠焊接很(hen)薄的工(gong)件，最(zui)薄可(ke)達0.025mm。

  缺點是設備價格昂貴，工藝參(can)數(shu)的調節匹配復雜(za)，目前(qian)的噴嘴(zui)壽命還(huan)較短，這(zhe)些都(dou)使等(deng)離子弧焊的應用受到限(xian)制(zhi)。