靜(jing)電是(shi)指工業靜(jing)電，即在(zai)生產(chan)、儲運過程中在(zai)物料、裝置、人體、器材和構筑物上產(chan)生和積累起來的靜(jing)電。

  兩種(zhong)不同性(xing)質的(de)物體(ti)相互摩擦(ca)(ca)，緊密接(jie)觸或迅速剝離都會產生靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，其(qi)是一個物體(ti)失去電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)帶有正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)(he)，另一個物體(ti)得到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)帶負電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)(he)。如果該物體(ti)與大地絕緣(yuan)，則(ze)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)(he)無法泄(xie)漏，停(ting)留在(zai)物體(ti)的(de)內部或表面而(er)(er)(er)呈(cheng)相對靜(jing)(jing)止狀態，這種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)(he)就稱靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。可(ke)燃化工物料、油品(pin)等(deng)在(zai)收發、輸轉、灌裝過程中(zhong)，物料分(fen)子(zi)之間和其(qi)他物質之間的(de)摩擦(ca)(ca)，會產生靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓隨著(zhu)摩擦(ca)(ca)的(de)加劇而(er)(er)(er)增大，如不及時導(dao)除，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓增高到(dao)一定程度時，就會在(zai)兩帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)之間閃火(huo)（即靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)）而(er)(er)(er)引起油品(pin)爆炸著(zhu)火(huo)。靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓越高越容易(yi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

  電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)低或(huo)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷量(liang)大小主(zhu)要與(yu)下(xia)(xia)列(lie)因素(su)有關：管(guan)(guan)道內(nei)介(jie)質流(liu)速(su)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)快，摩擦越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)劇烈，產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)；空(kong)氣越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)干燥，靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)不(bu)(bu)容易從(cong)空(kong)氣中消除(chu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)容易升高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)；管(guan)(guan)道內(nei)壁越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)粗(cu)糙，油品(pin)流(liu)經的彎頭閥門越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)多，產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)；油品(pin)含水時，比(bi)(bi)不(bu)(bu)含水分產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)幾倍到幾十倍；非金屬管(guan)(guan)道，如(ru)橡膠、塑料(liao)等管(guan)(guan)道比(bi)(bi)金屬管(guan)(guan)道更容易產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；管(guan)(guan)道上濾網其(qi)柵網越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)密，產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)。綢氈(zhan)過濾網產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)更高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)；空(kong)氣的溫度較高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)（22～40℃），空(kong)氣的相對濕度在(zai)13％～24％時，極易產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；在(zai)相同條件下(xia)(xia)，輕(qing)質燃料(liao)油比(bi)(bi)潤滑油易產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

  靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)危害(hai)有三(san)種(zhong)：一(yi)是(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)引(yin)(yin)起(qi)(qi)爆炸(zha)和火災，靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)能(neng)量(liang)雖然不(bu)大，但(dan)因其電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓很高(gao)且易(yi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)出現靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)火花；二(er)是(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)產生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)擊(ji)(ji)，靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)產生(sheng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)擊(ji)(ji)雖然不(bu)會致人死(si)亡，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)往(wang)往(wang)會導致二(er)次(ci)事故(gu)，因此也(ye)要加以防范；三(san)是(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)影(ying)響生(sheng)產，在生(sheng)產中，靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)有可(ke)(ke)能(neng)會影(ying)響儀器設備的(de)正常(chang)運行或(huo)降低(di)產品(pin)的(de)質量(liang)。此外，靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)還會引(yin)(yin)起(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子自動(dong)元件的(de)誤操(cao)作。