靜(jing)電是(shi)指工業(ye)靜(jing)電，即在(zai)(zai)生(sheng)產、儲運過程(cheng)中在(zai)(zai)物(wu)料、裝置、人(ren)體、器材和(he)構(gou)筑物(wu)上產生(sheng)和(he)積(ji)累起來的靜(jing)電。

  兩種(zhong)不同性質的(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)體相(xiang)互(hu)摩擦(ca)(ca)，緊(jin)密接觸或迅速剝離都(dou)會產生(sheng)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)，其(qi)是一(yi)個物(wu)(wu)體失去電(dian)(dian)子(zi)帶有正電(dian)(dian)荷，另一(yi)個物(wu)(wu)體得到電(dian)(dian)子(zi)帶負電(dian)(dian)荷。如(ru)果該物(wu)(wu)體與(yu)大地絕緣，則電(dian)(dian)荷無法泄漏，停留在(zai)(zai)物(wu)(wu)體的(de)(de)內部或表面(mian)而(er)呈相(xiang)對靜(jing)止狀態，這(zhe)種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)荷就稱靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)。可燃(ran)化工物(wu)(wu)料、油(you)(you)品等在(zai)(zai)收發、輸轉、灌裝(zhuang)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，物(wu)(wu)料分子(zi)之間(jian)和其(qi)他物(wu)(wu)質之間(jian)的(de)(de)摩擦(ca)(ca)，會產生(sheng)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)壓隨(sui)著(zhu)摩擦(ca)(ca)的(de)(de)加劇而(er)增大，如(ru)不及時導(dao)除，當電(dian)(dian)壓增高到一(yi)定程(cheng)度時，就會在(zai)(zai)兩帶電(dian)(dian)體之間(jian)閃火(huo)（即(ji)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)放電(dian)(dian)）而(er)引起油(you)(you)品爆炸著(zhu)火(huo)。靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓越高越容易放電(dian)(dian)。

  電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)高(gao)低或靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷量(liang)大小(xiao)主要與下列因素有關：管(guan)(guan)(guan)道內介質(zhi)流(liu)速越(yue)(yue)快，摩擦越(yue)(yue)劇烈(lie)，產(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)(yue)高(gao)；空(kong)氣(qi)越(yue)(yue)干燥，靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)越(yue)(yue)不容易(yi)從空(kong)氣(qi)中消除，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)(yue)容易(yi)升高(gao)；管(guan)(guan)(guan)道內壁越(yue)(yue)粗糙(cao)，油(you)品流(liu)經的(de)彎頭(tou)閥門越(yue)(yue)多，產(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)(yue)高(gao)；油(you)品含水(shui)時(shi)，比不含水(shui)分產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高(gao)幾倍(bei)到(dao)幾十倍(bei)；非金屬(shu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道，如(ru)橡膠、塑料等管(guan)(guan)(guan)道比金屬(shu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道更容易(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；管(guan)(guan)(guan)道上(shang)濾(lv)網其柵(zha)網越(yue)(yue)密，產(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)(yue)高(gao)。綢(chou)氈過濾(lv)網產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)更高(gao)；空(kong)氣(qi)的(de)溫度較高(gao)（22～40℃），空(kong)氣(qi)的(de)相對濕度在(zai)13％～24％時(shi)，極易(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；在(zai)相同條件下，輕(qing)質(zhi)燃料油(you)比潤滑油(you)易(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

  靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)危害有三種：一是(shi)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)引起(qi)爆(bao)炸和火災，靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)能(neng)(neng)量雖然不大，但因(yin)其電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓很高且易(yi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)出(chu)現靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)火花(hua)；二是(shi)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)產生電(dian)(dian)(dian)擊，靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)產生的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)擊雖然不會致人死(si)亡，但是(shi)往往會導致二次事故，因(yin)此(ci)也要加以(yi)防范；三是(shi)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)影(ying)響生產，在生產中，靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)有可(ke)能(neng)(neng)會影(ying)響儀器(qi)設備的(de)正常(chang)運行或降低產品的(de)質量。此(ci)外，靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)還(huan)會引起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子自動元件的(de)誤操作。