靜電是指工(gong)業靜電，即在生產、儲運過程中(zhong)在物料(liao)、裝(zhuang)置(zhi)、人體、器材和構筑(zhu)物上產生和積累(lei)起來(lai)的靜電。

  兩種(zhong)不(bu)同(tong)性(xing)質的物(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)相互摩擦(ca)，緊密接(jie)觸或迅速剝離都會(hui)產(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，其是一(yi)個(ge)物(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)失去電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)帶(dai)有正電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷，另一(yi)個(ge)物(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)得到(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)帶(dai)負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷。如(ru)果該物(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)與(yu)大(da)(da)地絕緣，則電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷無法泄(xie)漏，停(ting)留在(zai)物(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的內部或表面而呈相對靜(jing)止狀態，這種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷就稱(cheng)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。可燃化工物(wu)(wu)料、油品等在(zai)收發(fa)、輸轉、灌裝(zhuang)過程中(zhong)，物(wu)(wu)料分子(zi)之(zhi)間和其他物(wu)(wu)質之(zhi)間的摩擦(ca)，會(hui)產(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)隨著(zhu)摩擦(ca)的加劇而增大(da)(da)，如(ru)不(bu)及時導除，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)增高到(dao)(dao)一(yi)定程度時，就會(hui)在(zai)兩帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)(ti)(ti)之(zhi)間閃火（即靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)）而引起(qi)油品爆(bao)炸(zha)著(zhu)火。靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越高越容易放電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

  電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)高(gao)低或(huo)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷量大(da)小主(zhu)要與下(xia)列因素有(you)關：管(guan)道(dao)內(nei)介質(zhi)流(liu)(liu)速越(yue)快，摩(mo)擦越(yue)劇(ju)烈，產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)越(yue)高(gao)；空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)越(yue)干燥，靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)越(yue)不(bu)容(rong)易(yi)(yi)(yi)從(cong)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)中消除(chu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)越(yue)容(rong)易(yi)(yi)(yi)升高(gao)；管(guan)道(dao)內(nei)壁(bi)越(yue)粗糙(cao)，油(you)品流(liu)(liu)經的(de)彎頭閥門越(yue)多，產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)越(yue)高(gao)；油(you)品含(han)水時，比不(bu)含(han)水分產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)高(gao)幾倍到幾十(shi)倍；非金(jin)屬管(guan)道(dao)，如(ru)橡膠(jiao)、塑料等管(guan)道(dao)比金(jin)屬管(guan)道(dao)更容(rong)易(yi)(yi)(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；管(guan)道(dao)上濾網(wang)其柵網(wang)越(yue)密，產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)越(yue)高(gao)。綢氈過濾網(wang)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)更高(gao)；空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)溫度較高(gao)（22～40℃），空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)相(xiang)對濕度在(zai)(zai)13％～24％時，極易(yi)(yi)(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；在(zai)(zai)相(xiang)同(tong)條件(jian)下(xia)，輕質(zhi)燃料油(you)比潤滑(hua)油(you)易(yi)(yi)(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

  靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電的(de)危害(hai)有三(san)種：一是可(ke)能引(yin)起爆炸(zha)和火(huo)災，靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電的(de)能量雖然(ran)不(bu)(bu)大，但因(yin)其(qi)電壓很高且(qie)易放電出現(xian)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電火(huo)花；二是可(ke)能產生(sheng)(sheng)電擊(ji)，靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)電擊(ji)雖然(ran)不(bu)(bu)會致(zhi)人死(si)亡(wang)，但是往往會導(dao)致(zhi)二次事故，因(yin)此(ci)也(ye)要加以防范；三(san)是可(ke)能影響(xiang)生(sheng)(sheng)產，在生(sheng)(sheng)產中，靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電有可(ke)能會影響(xiang)儀器設備(bei)的(de)正(zheng)常運行或降低產品的(de)質量。此(ci)外(wai)，靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電還會引(yin)起電子自動元(yuan)件的(de)誤(wu)操作。