靜電是指工業靜電，即在(zai)(zai)生(sheng)產、儲(chu)運過程中在(zai)(zai)物(wu)料(liao)、裝置(zhi)、人體、器材(cai)和構筑物(wu)上產生(sheng)和積累起(qi)來的靜電。

  兩(liang)種不(bu)同性質(zhi)的(de)物(wu)體(ti)相互摩(mo)擦(ca)，緊密接觸或迅速剝(bo)離(li)都會產生靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，其是一(yi)(yi)個(ge)物(wu)體(ti)失去(qu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子帶(dai)有正電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)，另一(yi)(yi)個(ge)物(wu)體(ti)得到電(dian)(dian)(dian)子帶(dai)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)。如果(guo)該(gai)物(wu)體(ti)與大地絕緣，則電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)無法泄(xie)漏，停留在(zai)物(wu)體(ti)的(de)內部(bu)或表面(mian)而呈相對靜(jing)(jing)止狀態(tai)，這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)就(jiu)稱靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。可燃化(hua)工(gong)物(wu)料、油品等在(zai)收發、輸(shu)轉(zhuan)、灌裝過程(cheng)中，物(wu)料分(fen)子之間和其他物(wu)質(zhi)之間的(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)，會產生靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓隨著(zhu)摩(mo)擦(ca)的(de)加劇而增(zeng)大，如不(bu)及時導除，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓增(zeng)高(gao)到一(yi)(yi)定程(cheng)度(du)時，就(jiu)會在(zai)兩(liang)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)之間閃火（即靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)）而引起油品爆炸(zha)著(zhu)火。靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓越高(gao)越容易放電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

  電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)高低(di)或靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷量(liang)大小主要與下(xia)列因(yin)素有(you)關：管道(dao)內介質(zhi)流(liu)速越(yue)快，摩擦越(yue)劇烈，產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓越(yue)高；空(kong)氣(qi)越(yue)干燥(zao)，靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)越(yue)不容(rong)易(yi)(yi)從空(kong)氣(qi)中消除，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓越(yue)容(rong)易(yi)(yi)升高；管道(dao)內壁越(yue)粗糙，油(you)品流(liu)經的(de)(de)彎頭閥門越(yue)多(duo)，產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓越(yue)高；油(you)品含水(shui)(shui)時，比不含水(shui)(shui)分產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高幾(ji)倍到幾(ji)十倍；非(fei)金(jin)屬(shu)管道(dao)，如橡膠、塑料等管道(dao)比金(jin)屬(shu)管道(dao)更容(rong)易(yi)(yi)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；管道(dao)上濾網(wang)其(qi)柵網(wang)越(yue)密，產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓越(yue)高。綢(chou)氈過濾網(wang)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓更高；空(kong)氣(qi)的(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)較高（22～40℃），空(kong)氣(qi)的(de)(de)相對濕(shi)度(du)在(zai)13％～24％時，極(ji)易(yi)(yi)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；在(zai)相同條(tiao)件下(xia)，輕質(zhi)燃料油(you)比潤(run)滑油(you)易(yi)(yi)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

  靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)危害有三種(zhong)：一是可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)引(yin)起(qi)爆炸和火災(zai)，靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量雖然不大，但因(yin)其電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)很高(gao)且易放電(dian)(dian)(dian)出現靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)火花；二是可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)產(chan)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)擊，靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)產(chan)生的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)擊雖然不會(hui)致人(ren)死(si)亡，但是往往會(hui)導致二次(ci)事故，因(yin)此(ci)也要加以防范(fan)；三是可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)影響生產(chan)，在(zai)生產(chan)中(zhong)，靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)有可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)會(hui)影響儀器設備的(de)正常(chang)運行或(huo)降低(di)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)質量。此(ci)外，靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)還會(hui)引(yin)起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子自動元件的(de)誤(wu)操作。