用管道(dao)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)送原油(you)(you)、成品油(you)(you)和(he)液化石油(you)(you)氣的(de)(de)建設(she)(she)(she)(she)工(gong)程。一般包括輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)油(you)(you)管道(dao)、輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)油(you)(you)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)及輔助設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)等(deng)工(gong)程內(nei)容。輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)油(you)(you)管道(dao)系統(tong)是(shi)各(ge)類(lei)型輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)油(you)(you)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、管道(dao)及有(you)關設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)的(de)(de)統(tong)稱(cheng)(cheng)。輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)油(you)(you)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)油(you)(you)管道(dao)工(gong)程中各(ge)類(lei)工(gong)藝站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)場的(de)(de)統(tong)稱(cheng)(cheng)。首(shou)(shou)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)油(you)(you)管道(dao)的(de)(de)起(qi)點站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。中間站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)在輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)油(you)(you)首(shou)(shou)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)和(he)末(mo)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)之(zhi)間設(she)(she)(she)(she)有(you)的(de)(de)各(ge)類(lei)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)場的(de)(de)統(tong)稱(cheng)(cheng)。分輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)在輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)油(you)(you)管道(dao)沿(yan)線,為(wei)分輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)油(you)(you)品至用戶而設(she)(she)(she)(she)置的(de)(de)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)場。中間加熱(re)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)在輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)油(you)(you)首(shou)(shou)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)和(he)末(mo)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)之(zhi)間以加熱(re)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)為(wei)主的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)油(you)(you)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。末(mo)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)油(you)(you)管道(dao)的(de)(de)終點站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。


(1)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)油(you)(you)管(guan)道工(gong)程設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)計(ji)(ji)算輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)油(you)(you)量(liang)(liang)(liang)時,年工(gong)作天數應(ying)按350天計(ji)(ji)算。應(ying)按設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)委托書或設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)合(he)同規(gui)定的輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(年輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)、月輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)、日輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang))作為設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)最小輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)應(ying)符(fu)合(he)經濟及安(an)全輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)送條件。


(2)輸(shu)(shu)油管道設計宜采(cai)用(yong)密閉(bi)輸(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)工藝。若采(cai)用(yong)其(qi)他輸(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)工藝,應進行(xing)技術(shu)經濟(ji)論證,并說明其(qi)可(ke)行(xing)性(xing)。當管輸(shu)(shu)多種油品(pin)時,宜采(cai)用(yong)順序(xu)輸(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)工藝。若采(cai)用(yong)專管專用(yong)輸(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)工藝,應進行(xing)技術(shu)經濟(ji)論證。


(3)輸油(you)(you)管道系統(tong)輸送工(gong)(gong)藝方(fang)案(an)應依(yi)據設(she)計內壓力、管道管型及鋼種等級、管徑、壁(bi)厚(hou)、輸送方(fang)式、輸油(you)(you)站數、順序輸送油(you)(you)品(pin)批次等,以多(duo)個(ge)組合(he)方(fang)案(an)進行比選,確定(ding)最佳輸油(you)(you)工(gong)(gong)藝方(fang)案(an)。


(4)管輸(shu)原油質(zhi)量(liang)應符(fu)合國家現行(xing)標(biao)準SY/T 7513的規定;管輸(shu)液態液化石油氣的質(zhi)量(liang)應符(fu)合現行(xing)國家標(biao)準GB 9052.1或GB11174的規定;管輸(shu)其(qi)他成品油質(zhi)量(liang)應符(fu)合國家現行(xing)產品標(biao)準。


(5)輸(shu)油(you)管道系(xi)統輸(shu)送(song)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)總流程(cheng)圖應(ying)標注首站、中(zhong)間(jian)站、末站的輸(shu)油(you)量,進出站壓力及油(you)溫等主要工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)參數(shu)。并注明線路截斷閥、大型穿跨越(yue)、各(ge)站間(jian)及里程(cheng)、高程(cheng)(注明是否有翻越(yue)點)。


(6)輸油(you)管道系統(tong)輸送工藝設(she)計(ji)應包括(kuo)水(shui)力和熱力計(ji)算,并進(jin)行穩態和瞬(shun)態水(shui)力分析(xi),提出輸油(you)管道在密閉輸送中瞬(shun)變(bian)流動過程的控(kong)制方(fang)法。


(7)輸油(you)管(guan)道的設計(ji)應符(fu)(fu)合現行(xing)國家標準(zhun)GB50253的規定,其穿跨(kua)越工(gong)程設計(ji)應符(fu)(fu)合國家現行(xing)標準(zhun) SY/T 0015.1 SY/T 0015.2的有關規定。


(8)原油管道、成(cheng)品(pin)油管道和液(ye)態液(ye)化石油氣(LPG)管道系統輸送工(gong)藝的計算(suan)及成(cheng)品(pin).油順(shun)序輸送混油段(duan)長度計算(suan)應按(an)現行國家標(biao)準GB 50253有(you)關(guan)規定(ding)計算(suan)。埋地(di)的原油輸送管(guan)道的沿線溫降(jiang)應按(an)現行國家標準(zhun)GB 50253有關規定計算。


(9)原油管道輸(shu)送(song)要求:


      根據(ju)被(bei)輸(shu)送原油(you)的物理化學(xue)性質(zhi)及其(qi)流變性,通過優化比選(xuan),選(xuan)擇最佳輸(shu)送方式;


      加熱輸送的埋地原油管道,優選加熱溫(wen)(wen)度;管道是否需保溫(wen)(wen),進行管道保溫(wen)(wen)與不保溫(wen)(wen)的技術經濟(ji)比較(jiao),確定合理方案。


(10)成品油管道(dao)輸送要求:


      按設計(ji)(ji)委托(tuo)書或設計(ji)(ji)合同(tong)規定的(de)成品油(you)輸(shu)量、品種(zhong)與各品種(zhong)的(de)比例(li),以及分(fen)輸(shu)、輸(shu)入數量,進行成品油(you)管(guan)道系(xi)統輸(shu)送工藝設計(ji)(ji);


      輸(shu)送(song)(song)多品(pin)(pin)種成(cheng)品(pin)(pin)油時,宜采(cai)用單管順(shun)序輸(shu)送(song)(song)。油品(pin)(pin)批量輸(shu)送(song)(song)的排(pai)列順(shun)序,將油品(pin)(pin)性質相近的緊鄰排(pai)列;


      成品油(you)順(shun)序輸(shu)送管道,在輸(shu)油(you)站間(jian)不宜(yi)設(she)置(zhi)副(fu)管;


      在順序輸(shu)送高黏(nian)度成品油(you)(如重油(you))時宜使用(yong)隔離(li)裝置;


      多品種成(cheng)品油順序輸(shu)送(song)(song)管道(dao),采(cai)(cai)用(yong)連續(xu)輸(shu)送(song)(song)方式;當采(cai)(cai)用(yong)間歇輸(shu)送(song)(song)時,應采(cai)(cai)取措(cuo)施(shi)以減少混油量;


      采用(yong)旁接油(you)罐輸(shu)送工藝,當多種油(you)品順(shun)序輸(shu)送混油(you)界(jie)面通過泵(beng)站(zhan)時,應(ying)切換成泵(beng)到泵(beng)輸(shu)送工藝;


      根據油罐區的(de)建(jian)設(she)和(he)營運費用與混(hun)油貶值造成的(de)費用損失(shi)兩個方面進(jin)行(xing)綜合比(bi)較后(hou),確(que)定最佳循環次(ci)數。


(11)液(ye)態(tai)液(ye)化石油氣(LPG)管道輸(shu)送要求:


      按設計委托書或設計合同規定的(de)液(ye)(ye)態液(ye)(ye)化石油氣(qi)(qi)輸(shu)量(liang)、組分與各(ge)組分的(de)比例,進行液(ye)(ye)態液(ye)(ye)化石油氣(qi)(qi)管(guan)道(dao)系統輸(shu)送工藝(yi)設計;


      液(ye)(ye)態液(ye)(ye)化石油氣(qi)(qi)在管道(dao)中(zhong)輸送(song)時,沿線任何一(yi)點的(de)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)都必(bi)須高(gao)于(yu)輸送(song)溫度下液(ye)(ye)化石油氣(qi)(qi)的(de)飽(bao)和(he)蒸氣(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)。沿線各中(zhong)間(jian)站的(de)進(jin)(jin)站壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)應比同溫度下液(ye)(ye)化石油氣(qi)(qi)的(de)飽(bao)和(he)蒸氣(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)高(gao)1.0MPa,末站進(jin)(jin)儲罐前的(de)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)應比同溫度下液(ye)(ye)化石油氣(qi)(qi)的(de)飽(bao)和(he)蒸氣(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)高(gao)0.5MPa。


      液態液化(hua)石油氣在(zai)管(guan)道內的(de)(de)平均(jun)流速,應經技術經濟(ji)比(bi)較后確定,但要注意因管(guan)內摩阻升溫而需另行冷卻的(de)(de)能(neng)耗,可取0.8~1.4m/s,但最大(da)不應超(chao)過3m/s。






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