1. 制定標準的意義(yi)

   GB/T 24512.1-2009為首(shou)次(ci)制定，主(zhu)編單位為攀成鋼(gang)。

   核(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是一種(zhong)清潔(jie)、高效(xiao)能源(yuan)，大(da)力(li)發展核(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是我國(guo)(guo)(guo)未來(lai)能源(yuan)發展的(de)(de)(de)一個重(zhong)點方向。核(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)用(yong)(yong)管(guan)(guan)是核(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組常規(gui)島(dao)和(he)(he)核(he)(he)(he)島(dao)使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)關鍵材料(liao)之(zhi)一，核(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)“自(zi)(zi)主(zhu)化”不僅要實(shi)(shi)現(xian)核(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)使用(yong)(yong)材料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)化，而且要實(shi)(shi)現(xian)包(bao)括(kuo)核(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)標準(zhun)(zhun)體系(xi)在內的(de)(de)(de)核(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)主(zhu)化。1984年我國(guo)(guo)(guo)自(zi)(zi)主(zhu)設(she)(she)計建造(zao)了(le)第一座核(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)（秦山(shan)），1991年引進(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)建造(zao)大(da)亞灣核(he)(he)(he)核(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，自(zi)(zi)此我國(guo)(guo)(guo)核(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)進(jin)入了(le)快速發展時期。核(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)用(yong)(yong)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)化從20世(shi)紀80年代開始，已形(xing)成批量(liang)供應P280GH、20控Cr、P22、TU42C、W36CN1等(deng)核(he)(he)(he)島(dao)及(ji)常規(gui)島(dao)用(yong)(yong)碳(tan)(tan)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)、碳(tan)(tan)錳鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)和(he)(he)合(he)金鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)無縫鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)能力(li)。產(chan)(chan)品已逐步實(shi)(shi)現(xian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)化，但核(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)用(yong)(yong)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)標準(zhun)(zhun)卻長期空(kong)缺(que)。研制(zhi)核(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)用(yong)(yong)管(guan)(guan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)標準(zhun)(zhun)，建立我國(guo)(guo)(guo)自(zi)(zi)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)核(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)用(yong)(yong)管(guan)(guan)標準(zhun)(zhun)體系(xi)，推動核(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)用(yong)(yong)管(guan)(guan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)化，為核(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)“自(zi)(zi)主(zhu)化”提(ti)供技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)支(zhi)撐，具有(you)重(zhong)要意義(yi)。發布實(shi)(shi)施的(de)(de)(de)系(xi)列國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)標準(zhun)(zhun)已成為核(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)用(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)貿(mao)易的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)依據，是規(gui)范和(he)(he)指導鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)制(zhi)造(zao)、核(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)計選材和(he)(he)使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)法(fa)規(gui)；解決了(le)多年來(lai)困(kun)擾(rao)核(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)設(she)(she)計選材和(he)(he)產(chan)(chan)品供需訂貨的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)障礙(ai)。

2. 主(zhu)要技術內容

   本標(biao)準包括HD245、HD245Cr、HD265、HD265Cr、HD280、HD280Cr等6個牌號，規(gui)定(ding)了(le)鋼(gang)(gang)的熔煉化學成(cheng)分及(ji)成(cheng)品化學成(cheng)分。規(gui)定(ding)了(le)鋼(gang)(gang)管的詳(xiang)細熱處理溫(wen)度，鋼(gang)(gang)管的室溫(wen)和高溫(wen)拉伸(shen)性(xing)能，對鋼(gang)(gang)管的沖擊吸收能量(liang)、液壓(ya)、壓(ya)扁、彎曲、擴口、低倍(bei)、非金屬夾雜物、晶粒度、顯微組織、脫(tuo)碳層、表面(mian)質量(liang)、無損檢測、質量(liang)報告等要求做出明(ming)確規(gui)定(ding)。

3. 國內(nei)外標(biao)準對比及(ji)標(biao)準水平

   國(guo)(guo)外(wai)(wai)相關(guan)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)有(you)EN 10216-2：2002《壓(ya)力用(yong)(yong)途的(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)縫鋼(gang)管(guan)交貨技(ji)術條件 第(di)2部分：規(gui)(gui)定高(gao)溫性能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)非合金鋼(gang)和(he)(he)合金鋼(gang)鋼(gang)管(guan)》《ASME 鍋爐(lu)及壓(ya)力容器(qi)規(gui)(gui)范(fan) 第(di)II卷 A篇(pian)鐵基(ji)材料》中SA-106《高(gao)溫用(yong)(yong)碳(tan)素(su)鋼(gang)無(wu)(wu)縫鋼(gang)管(guan)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)》、SA-210M及《鍋爐(lu)和(he)(he)過熱(re)(re)器(qi)用(yong)(yong)中碳(tan)鋼(gang)無(wu)(wu)縫鋼(gang)管(guan)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)》。尺(chi)寸精度方(fang)面(mian)：國(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)尺(chi)寸允許偏(pian)(pian)差嚴于歐(ou)洲(zhou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)；與美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)相比，外(wai)(wai)徑偏(pian)(pian)差與美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)分檔不同，熱(re)(re)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)徑允許偏(pian)(pian)差總(zong)(zong)體上(shang)比美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)寬，冷(leng)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)徑允許偏(pian)(pian)差總(zong)(zong)體上(shang)與美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)相當，熱(re)(re)管(guan)和(he)(he)冷(leng)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)壁厚偏(pian)(pian)差嚴于美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)。化(hua)學成分方(fang)面(mian)：國(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)對(dui)C、Si、Mn、P、S及殘(can)余(yu)元素(su)的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定與歐(ou)洲(zhou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)和(he)(he)美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)基(ji)本(ben)(ben)一致。力學性能(neng)(neng)方(fang)面(mian)：國(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)對(dui)拉伸性能(neng)(neng)、沖擊性能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定與歐(ou)洲(zhou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)和(he)(he)美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)基(ji)本(ben)(ben)一致。工藝性能(neng)(neng)方(fang)面(mian)：國(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)對(dui)壓(ya)扁試(shi)驗、彎曲試(shi)驗、擴口試(shi)驗的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定與歐(ou)洲(zhou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)和(he)(he)美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)基(ji)本(ben)(ben)一致。無(wu)(wu)損檢(jian)(jian)測方(fang)面(mian)：國(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)對(dui)無(wu)(wu)損檢(jian)(jian)驗的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求參照法國(guo)(guo)《RCC-M壓(ya)水堆核島機械設(she)備設(she)計和(he)(he)建造規(gui)(gui)則》，檢(jian)(jian)驗要(yao)求嚴于歐(ou)洲(zhou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)和(he)(he)美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)。通過以上(shang)主要(yao)指標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)對(dui)比，國(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)水平達到國(guo)(guo)外(wai)(wai)先進標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)水平。