1. 制定標準的意(yi)義(yi)

   GB/T 24512.1-2009為首次制定(ding)，主編(bian)單位為攀(pan)成鋼。

   核(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)一(yi)種清潔、高(gao)效能(neng)(neng)(neng)源，大(da)力發(fa)(fa)展核(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)未來能(neng)(neng)(neng)源發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)重點(dian)方向。核(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)用(yong)管是(shi)核(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組常規島(dao)(dao)和核(he)(he)島(dao)(dao)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)關鍵材(cai)料之一(yi)，核(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)“自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)化(hua)”不(bu)僅(jin)要實(shi)(shi)現核(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站使(shi)用(yong)材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)產(chan)化(hua)，而且要實(shi)(shi)現包括核(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)體(ti)系(xi)在內的(de)(de)(de)核(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)化(hua)。1984年我(wo)國(guo)(guo)自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)設計(ji)建(jian)(jian)造了第一(yi)座核(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站（秦(qin)山(shan)），1991年引進(jin)國(guo)(guo)外技術(shu)(shu)建(jian)(jian)造大(da)亞灣(wan)核(he)(he)核(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站，自(zi)此(ci)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)核(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)進(jin)入了快速發(fa)(fa)展時(shi)期(qi)。核(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)用(yong)管的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)產(chan)化(hua)從20世紀80年代(dai)開(kai)始，已形成批量(liang)供(gong)(gong)應P280GH、20控Cr、P22、TU42C、W36CN1等核(he)(he)島(dao)(dao)及常規島(dao)(dao)用(yong)碳鋼(gang)(gang)、碳錳(meng)鋼(gang)(gang)和合金鋼(gang)(gang)無縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)管的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力。產(chan)品(pin)已逐步實(shi)(shi)現國(guo)(guo)產(chan)化(hua)，但核(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)用(yong)管的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)家標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)卻長期(qi)空缺。研制核(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)用(yong)管國(guo)(guo)家標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)，建(jian)(jian)立(li)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)核(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)用(yong)管標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)體(ti)系(xi)，推動(dong)核(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)用(yong)管國(guo)(guo)產(chan)化(hua)，為核(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)“自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)化(hua)”提供(gong)(gong)技術(shu)(shu)支撐，具(ju)有重要意(yi)義。發(fa)(fa)布實(shi)(shi)施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)系(xi)列(lie)國(guo)(guo)家標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)已成為核(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站用(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)管貿(mao)易的(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)(shu)依據(ju)，是(shi)規范和指(zhi)導鋼(gang)(gang)管制造、核(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設計(ji)選材(cai)和使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)(shu)法規；解決了多年來困擾核(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站設計(ji)選材(cai)和產(chan)品(pin)供(gong)(gong)需(xu)訂貨的(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)(shu)障(zhang)礙。

2. 主要(yao)技術內容

   本標(biao)準包括HD245、HD245Cr、HD265、HD265Cr、HD280、HD280Cr等(deng)6個(ge)牌(pai)號，規(gui)(gui)定了鋼(gang)(gang)的(de)熔(rong)煉化(hua)學(xue)成(cheng)分及成(cheng)品化(hua)學(xue)成(cheng)分。規(gui)(gui)定了鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)的(de)詳細熱處理溫度(du)，鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)的(de)室(shi)溫和高(gao)溫拉伸性能(neng)，對鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)的(de)沖擊吸收(shou)能(neng)量、液壓(ya)(ya)、壓(ya)(ya)扁、彎曲、擴(kuo)口、低倍、非金屬夾雜物、晶粒度(du)、顯微組(zu)織(zhi)、脫碳層、表面質量、無損檢測、質量報告等(deng)要求做(zuo)出(chu)明確(que)規(gui)(gui)定。

3. 國內外標(biao)(biao)準對比及標(biao)(biao)準水平

   國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)外相(xiang)關標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)有EN 10216-2：2002《壓(ya)力(li)用(yong)途的無(wu)縫鋼管交(jiao)貨技術條件 第2部分：規(gui)定高(gao)溫(wen)性(xing)能的非合金(jin)鋼和(he)(he)合金(jin)鋼鋼管》《ASME 鍋爐(lu)及(ji)(ji)壓(ya)力(li)容(rong)器規(gui)范 第II卷 A篇鐵(tie)基材料》中SA-106《高(gao)溫(wen)用(yong)碳素鋼無(wu)縫鋼管規(gui)范》、SA-210M及(ji)(ji)《鍋爐(lu)和(he)(he)過熱器用(yong)中碳鋼無(wu)縫鋼管規(gui)范》。尺(chi)寸精度方面(mian)：國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)的尺(chi)寸允(yun)許(xu)偏差嚴(yan)于(yu)歐(ou)(ou)洲標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)；與(yu)(yu)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)相(xiang)比，外徑(jing)偏差與(yu)(yu)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)分檔不(bu)同，熱管的外徑(jing)允(yun)許(xu)偏差總(zong)(zong)體(ti)上比美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)寬，冷(leng)管的外徑(jing)允(yun)許(xu)偏差總(zong)(zong)體(ti)上與(yu)(yu)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)相(xiang)當，熱管和(he)(he)冷(leng)管的壁厚偏差嚴(yan)于(yu)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)。化學(xue)成分方面(mian)：國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)對(dui)C、Si、Mn、P、S及(ji)(ji)殘(can)余元素的規(gui)定與(yu)(yu)歐(ou)(ou)洲標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)和(he)(he)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)基本(ben)(ben)一(yi)致(zhi)。力(li)學(xue)性(xing)能方面(mian)：國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)對(dui)拉伸(shen)性(xing)能、沖擊性(xing)能的規(gui)定與(yu)(yu)歐(ou)(ou)洲標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)和(he)(he)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)基本(ben)(ben)一(yi)致(zhi)。工藝性(xing)能方面(mian)：國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)對(dui)壓(ya)扁試驗、彎曲試驗、擴口試驗的規(gui)定與(yu)(yu)歐(ou)(ou)洲標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)和(he)(he)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)基本(ben)(ben)一(yi)致(zhi)。無(wu)損檢測方面(mian)：國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)對(dui)無(wu)損檢驗的要求參照法國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)《RCC-M壓(ya)水(shui)堆核(he)島機械設備設計和(he)(he)建造規(gui)則》，檢驗要求嚴(yan)于(yu)歐(ou)(ou)洲標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)和(he)(he)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)。通過以上主要指標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)對(dui)比，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)的水(shui)平達(da)到國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)外先進標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)水(shui)平。