家用電器不銹鋼化的首要問題就是可能會增加成本。即便如此，全自動不銹鋼桶洗衣機、滾筒式洗滌干燥機由于其清潔性，耐用性銷售量爆發式大增，繼而家用電器全部不銹鋼化，就連衣類干燥機也由表面處理鋼板改為不銹鋼。


1. 洗衣(yi)機


  無論何種洗衣機都是要和水接觸，因此大多數洗衣機都是先用不銹鋼的代表鋼種06Cr19Ni10（304）。也可以選用0022Cr18Ti（439）、019Cr17MoNb（436L）等可進行深度拉深的鋼種，可作為洗衣機的首選鋼種。它在制造洗衣機洗滌桶時，無論是采用焊接結構或是鉚接結構，均可以確保有足夠的耐腐蝕性能。


  洗衣機加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)厚度(du)(du)0.5mm或(huo)(huo)0.6mm的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼薄板(ban)，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)方法(fa)或(huo)(huo)是鉚接(jie)(jie)(jie)方法(fa)制造(zao)。洗滌桶(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)間桶(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)可以(yi)(yi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼卷材或(huo)(huo)板(ban)材采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壓沖(chong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)連(lian)(lian)續(xu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業。為脫水而(er)(er)設置許多(duo)(duo)小孔，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)沖(chong)床的(de)(de)沖(chong)頭（凸模）進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)沖(chong)孔，為了使(shi)洗滌物不(bu)(bu)被(bei)劃(hua)傷(shang)，要(yao)施行(xing)(xing)(xing)去(qu)毛刺(ci)(ci)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)，將(jiang)所有沖(chong)孔的(de)(de)毛刺(ci)(ci)、銳邊、尖(jian)角(jiao)去(qu)除，然后(hou)壓制出像洗衣板(ban)樣的(de)(de)凸點(dian)，接(jie)(jie)(jie)著(zhu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)桶(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)卷圓(yuan)(yuan)成形。對(dui)接(jie)(jie)(jie)部分采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)TIG焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)方式(shi)和鉚接(jie)(jie)(jie)方式(shi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)。然后(hou)，桶(tong)(tong)腹部的(de)(de)上沿其(qi)邊緣(yuan)要(yao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)卷邊，使(shi)其(qi)形成圓(yuan)(yuan)形邊緣(yuan)。下部分則要(yao)和不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼桶(tong)(tong)底(di)相(xiang)接(jie)(jie)(jie)合。不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼桶(tong)(tong)底(di)，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鉚接(jie)(jie)(jie)方式(shi)較多(duo)(duo)。鉚接(jie)(jie)(jie)方式(shi)有如(ru)上所述幾種加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)，為了防(fang)止產生毛刺(ci)(ci)、銳角(jiao)或(huo)(huo)尖(jian)邊，加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時需(xu)要(yao)潤滑，大(da)多(duo)(duo)數是采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)在不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼薄板(ban)上貼附表面保護薄膜(mo)的(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態下，進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。但(dan)是，如(ru)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)TIG焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)方式(shi)，因表面保護薄膜(mo)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)利(li)于焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)，可改(gai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)在焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)過程中(zhong)(zhong)自行(xing)(xing)(xing)揮發狀(zhuang)態的(de)(de)揮發性(xing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)油，以(yi)(yi)實現連(lian)(lian)續(xu)性(xing)批量生產。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)TIG焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)方式(shi)的(de)(de)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)速度(du)(du)是產量和生產成本的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)。


  滾(gun)筒式洗滌干燥機(ji)，由(you)于(yu)具有(you)干燥功(gong)能，要進行加(jia)熱(re)干燥，所以必須使(shi)用(yong)不銹鋼(gang)(gang)桶。因不銹鋼(gang)(gang)桶是雙層結(jie)構(gou)，所以一臺(tai)不銹鋼(gang)(gang)用(yong)量相(xiang)當(dang)于(yu)原(yuan)來的2臺(tai)以上(shang)。在選(xuan)定材(cai)料和加(jia)工(gong)方法方面，基本上(shang)和上(shang)述全自動(dong)洗滌機(ji)類似。


2. 電(dian)熱水(shui)器(qi)


  制作(zuo)不(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)熱(re)(re)水罐(guan)曾沿(yan)用06Cr19Ni10（304），但(dan)多(duo)次發(fa)生(sheng)應力(li)腐(fu)(fu)蝕開(kai)裂問(wen)題。鐵(tie)素體系(xi)列不(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)019Cr19Mo2NbTi（444），對(dui)防止應力(li)腐(fu)(fu)蝕開(kai)裂是(shi)一種完美對(dui)策。雖(sui)然使用鐵(tie)素體系(xi)列不(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)，但(dan)熱(re)(re)水罐(guan)上下封(feng)頭與筒體接合(he)處仍(reng)有零星間隙(xi)腐(fu)(fu)蝕發(fa)生(sheng)，加強焊接質量及(ji)接合(he)部間隙(xi)的(de)管理問(wen)題即可解(jie)決(jue)。


  裝(zhuang)配間隙過于狹窄是(shi)造成間隙腐蝕(shi)的(de)原因。所(suo)以有必要適(shi)(shi)當加大裝(zhuang)配間隙。對回收(shou)的(de)舊電熱水(shui)器熱水(shui)罐內部(bu)(bu)進行調查，由于使(shi)用了019Cr19Mo2NbTi（444）而使(shi)熱水(shui)罐內部(bu)(bu)幾乎沒(mei)有腐蝕(shi)，質量事(shi)故(gu)多(duo)使(shi)其他零部(bu)(bu)件(jian)損壞而不(bu)能使(shi)用。可以說，電熱水(shui)器筒體的(de)不(bu)銹鋼化，是(shi)“機(ji)能材料選定”最(zui)適(shi)(shi)合(he)的(de)產(chan)品。


  加工方面(mian)：上、下封頭(tou)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)厚(hou)度(du)為(wei)1.0～1.2mm的(de)不銹鋼薄板，沖(chong)壓而(er)成。筒體選用(yong)0.6～0.8mm的(de)不銹鋼薄板，采用(yong)TIG焊接(jie)(jie)。考(kao)慮到熱水器(qi)上部(bu)因水位(wei)高低的(de)變化(hua)，使(shi)(shi)得氣相和液相在上部(bu)反(fan)復交替變化(hua)，進而(er)氯離子濃度(du)在逐漸變濃，易產生(sheng)腐(fu)蝕，所以上部(bu)的(de)焊縫應(ying)從內部(bu)焊接(jie)(jie)。


  圖(tu)6-5是熱水(shui)器內結構(gou)膽(dan)示意圖(tu)及可能(neng)出現腐蝕(shi)。


圖 5.jpg


  熱(re)水器內膽(dan)加(jia)(jia)工工藝流(liu)程：下料(liao)→沖壓封頭→加(jia)(jia)工出入水孔(kong)→卷筒→焊接筒體→焊接上下封頭→耐壓檢驗。