不銹鋼冷軋工藝流程為：熱軋鋼卷準備-熱卷退火酸洗一鋼卷研磨-冷軋-冷軋帶鋼退火酸洗-調質軋制一精加工研磨一精整，不(bu)銹鋼(gang)的冷軋生產工藝流程如圖2-2-2所示。

  經(jing)酸洗后的原(yuan)料表(biao)面若有(you)缺陷或成(cheng)品(pin)表(biao)面要(yao)(yao)求極(ji)高時，不能直接軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)對原(yuan)料進行修(xiu)磨后才能軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制。軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制一般能在一個(ge)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)程(cheng)內(nei)(nei)完成(cheng)，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)兩個(ge)或兩個(ge)以上軋(ya)(ya)(ya)程(cheng)時，必(bi)須經(jing)過中間軟化退火，就增加(jia)了(le)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制成(cheng)本(ben)。在一個(ge)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)程(cheng)內(nei)(nei)完成(cheng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制，往往根據(ju)產品(pin)厚度來選擇(ze)原(yuan)料厚度。

  不銹鋼冷軋(ya)工序的主體裝備非常復雜，生產全線主要包括以下設備：

1. 原料退火酸洗設(she)備

   原(yuan)料退(tui)(tui)火(huo)酸洗線(xian)又(you)稱(cheng)熱線(xian)，主(zhu)要(yao)包括退(tui)(tui)火(huo)和酸洗兩個功能，主(zhu)要(yao)設備組成有開卷機(ji)、焊(han)機(ji)、活套、退(tui)(tui)火(huo)爐、冷卻段、破鱗機(ji)、拋丸機(ji)、酸洗部分(fen)、卷取機(ji)。根據不同的(de)需要(yao)，部分(fen)原(yuan)料酸洗線(xian)還會配備軋制、平(ping)整、切(qie)邊等功能設備。

2. 軋機設備

   一(yi)般(ban)而言，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝中用(yong)來生(sheng)產不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。因其具有良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)剛(gang)(gang)度，在生(sheng)產不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)過程中有廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)。多采用(yong)熱軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)厚度在3.0～5.5毫米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)熱軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)產品，經(jing)過冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓延加工(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)后，生(sheng)產成不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)產品。當(dang)(dang)前(qian)(qian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)主要(yao)生(sheng)產工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝為三大類(lei)：不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)單機(ji)(ji)(ji)架冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)多機(ji)(ji)(ji)架冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)連續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)。由(you)于(yu)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)是(shi)(shi)在金屬(shu)再結(jie)(jie)晶溫度以下(xia)進(jin)行，加工(gong)(gong)(gong)溫度低(di)，因此在冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過程中，金屬(shu)變(bian)形抗(kang)力(li)增(zeng)大、軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)壓力(li)增(zeng)高(gao)、同(tong)時金屬(shu)塑形降低(di)、容易產生(sheng)脆裂(lie)，這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)現象被(bei)稱為加工(gong)(gong)(gong)硬(ying)(ying)化(hua)現象。當(dang)(dang)鋼(gang)(gang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)定(ding)時，加工(gong)(gong)(gong)硬(ying)(ying)化(hua)程度與變(bian)形程度有關，變(bian)形量加大，加工(gong)(gong)(gong)硬(ying)(ying)化(hua)程度大。當(dang)(dang)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)硬(ying)(ying)化(hua)達到一(yi)定(ding)程度時，就不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能繼續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)。因此，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)板帶材(cai)經(jing)受一(yi)定(ding)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)總(zong)變(bian)形后，往往需要(yao)經(jing)軟化(hua)熱處理(li)（再結(jie)(jie)晶退(tui)火或固溶處理(li)等），使之(zhi)恢(hui)復塑性、降低(di)抗(kang)力(li)，以利于(yu)繼續加工(gong)(gong)(gong)。為實現高(gao)效率、高(gao)精(jing)度生(sheng)產，必(bi)須采用(yong)剛(gang)(gang)性大、小直徑工(gong)(gong)(gong)作輥(gun)(gun)(gun)和(he)大張力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)多輥(gun)(gun)(gun)可逆(ni)式軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)成卷軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)，是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)顯著特點。最初(chu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)多采用(yong)四(si)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)可逆(ni)式軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)由(you)于(yu)剛(gang)(gang)性不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足，軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)精(jing)度不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)高(gao)，而且工(gong)(gong)(gong)作輥(gun)(gun)(gun)、支承輥(gun)(gun)(gun)、牌坊都很龐大，針對這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)情況開發出了包括八輥(gun)(gun)(gun)、十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)、二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)等的(de)(de)(de)(de)多輥(gun)(gun)(gun)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)中具有代表性的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)森(sen)吉米(mi)爾軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。目前(qian)(qian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)大多數采用(yong)這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。森(sen)吉米(mi)爾軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)絕大部分都是(shi)(shi)單機(ji)(ji)(ji)架生(sheng)產。

3. 成(cheng)品退(tui)火酸洗設備(bei)

  成(cheng)品(pin)退(tui)火(huo)(huo)酸(suan)(suan)洗(xi)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)使經(jing)(jing)冷軋后的(de)(de)(de)不銹鋼通(tong)過退(tui)火(huo)(huo)軟化(hua)，得到要(yao)(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)性能，并通(tong)過酸(suan)(suan)洗(xi)消除退(tui)火(huo)(huo)過程中(zhong)生成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)化(hua)皮等(deng)雜質(zhi)，進(jin)一(yi)步提高帶鋼的(de)(de)(de)表面(mian)質(zhi)量(liang)。目前世界上成(cheng)熟的(de)(de)(de)爐(lu)型有(you)周期(qi)式(shi)退(tui)火(huo)(huo)爐(lu)和連續式(shi)退(tui)火(huo)(huo)爐(lu)。連續爐(lu)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)有(you)臥式(shi)爐(lu)和立式(shi)爐(lu)兩種。立式(shi)爐(lu)（俗稱光(guang)亮爐(lu)）主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)用于生產(chan)厚度為0.2～2毫米的(de)(de)(de)表面(mian)等(deng)級為BA的(de)(de)(de)鏡面(mian)板，且受現有(you)馬(ma)弗(fu)爐(lu)長度的(de)(de)(de)限制，其產(chan)量(liang)很(hen)低。而臥式(shi)爐(lu)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)量(liang)高，且其產(chan)品(pin)規格范圍廣，生產(chan)表面(mian)等(deng)級為2B或2D的(de)(de)(de)普通(tong)冷軋產(chan)品(pin)。近年來酸(suan)(suan)洗(xi)工藝和設備正越來越為適應(ying)環保和改(gai)善工作(zuo)條件而不斷改(gai)進(jin)，酸(suan)(suan)洗(xi)工藝先后經(jing)(jing)歷(li)了化(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)酸(suan)(suan)洗(xi)、H2SO4電(dian)解(jie)酸(suan)(suan)洗(xi)＋化(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)酸(suan)(suan)洗(xi)、堿液（鹽浴）＋電(dian)解(jie)酸(suan)(suan)洗(xi)＋化(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)酸(suan)(suan)洗(xi)、中(zhong)性鹽電(dian)解(jie)酸(suan)(suan)洗(xi)＋化(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)酸(suan)(suan)洗(xi)等(deng)階段，工藝流程為：1號(hao)(hao)(hao)電(dian)解(jie)槽(cao)(cao)-2號(hao)(hao)(hao)電(dian)解(jie)槽(cao)(cao)-3號(hao)(hao)(hao)電(dian)解(jie)槽(cao)(cao)-1號(hao)(hao)(hao)刷(shua)洗(xi)機-4號(hao)(hao)(hao)電(dian)解(jie)槽(cao)(cao)-2號(hao)(hao)(hao)刷(shua)洗(xi)機-5號(hao)(hao)(hao)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)槽(cao)(cao)-6號(hao)(hao)(hao)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)槽(cao)(cao)一(yi)預清洗(xi)-3號(hao)(hao)(hao)刷(shua)洗(xi)機一(yi)最(zui)終(zhong)清洗(xi)一(yi)烘干機。

4. 精(jing)整設備

  精整(zheng)(zheng)是(shi)使冷軋(ya)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)帶鋼(gang)(gang)成為交貨(huo)狀態產品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)藝過(guo)(guo)程，其目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)保(bao)證產品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實物要求(qiu)和質量。精整(zheng)(zheng)包括平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)整(zheng)(zheng)、縱切、橫(heng)切、拉(la)矯(jiao)等工(gong)(gong)序。有時(shi)根(gen)據用(yong)戶(hu)要求(qiu)還要進行修磨(mo)，獲得磨(mo)砂板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、發紋板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)等。帶鋼(gang)(gang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)整(zheng)(zheng)主(zhu)要是(shi)改(gai)善板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)形，確保(bao)鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)直度符合用(yong)戶(hu)要求(qiu)。對于某些特定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)(gang)種，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)整(zheng)(zheng)經(jing)過(guo)(guo)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)延伸能(neng)夠改(gai)善帶鋼(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力(li)學性能(neng)。此(ci)外，帶鋼(gang)(gang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)整(zheng)(zheng)還可以按用(yong)戶(hu)需要確保(bao)帶鋼(gang)(gang)表(biao)面光潔(jie)度或一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粗(cu)糙度。同時(shi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)整(zheng)(zheng)工(gong)(gong)作輥面，帶鋼(gang)(gang)表(biao)面還可以得到一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)花紋圖案(an)。橫(heng)縱切、拉(la)矯(jiao)主(zhu)要是(shi)把帶鋼(gang)(gang)加工(gong)(gong)成具有用(yong)戶(hu)所需要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尺寸和單位(wei)質量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、帶卷材(cai)。

 至(zhi)德鋼(gang)(gang)業，我們根據(ju)您的(de)實際需(xu)求，給(gei)出參考建議，為您提供(gong)高性(xing)價比(bi)的(de)不銹鋼(gang)(gang)管道及(ji)配(pei)件。