這種軋機(ji)亦稱皮(pi)爾格軋管機(ji)，1891年(nian)由曼(man)乃斯曼(man)兄弟發明，1900年(nian)將芯棒設(she)計成移動式為止才(cai)達(da)到完全機(ji)械(xie)化，成為目前(qian)狀態，其操作過程如圖4-21所示(shi)。

  此軋(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)操(cao)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本特點(dian)是鍛(duan)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)，軋(ya)(ya)(ya)輥旋轉方(fang)向(xiang)與軋(ya)(ya)(ya)件送進(jin)(jin)方(fang)向(xiang)相(xiang)反，軋(ya)(ya)(ya)輥孔(kong)型(xing)沿圓周(zhou)(zhou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)變斷面，軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)時軋(ya)(ya)(ya)件反送進(jin)(jin)方(fang)向(xiang)運行。送料由做往(wang)復運動的(de)(de)(de)(de)芯(xin)棒送進(jin)(jin)機(ji)(ji)構完(wan)成，這種軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)形(xing)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)延伸(shen)系數為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)7~15,可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)鋼錠直(zhi)接生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)。目前主要用(yong)(yong)于(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)大直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)中、厚壁(bi)(bi)管(guan)、異形(xing)管(guan)，利(li)用(yong)(yong)鍛(duan)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)還可(ke)(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)合金鋼管(guan)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)格范圍(wei)外徑(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)114~665mm;壁(bi)(bi)厚2.5~100mm;軋(ya)(ya)(ya)后長(chang)度(du)可(ke)(ke)達40m.該軋(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要缺點(dian)是：效(xiao)率(lv)低，輔助操(cao)作(zuo)時間占(zhan)整個周(zhou)(zhou)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)25%;孔(kong)型(xing)不易加(jia)工(gong)；芯(xin)棒長(chang)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)規(gui)(gui)格范圍(wei)窄，壁(bi)(bi)厚精度(du)低。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)減少(shao)周(zhou)(zhou)期，軋(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)皆采用(yong)(yong)線外插芯(xin)棒鍛(duan)頭，再(zai)送往(wang)主機(ji)(ji)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)，以減少(shao)輔助操(cao)作(zuo)時間。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)改善周(zhou)(zhou)期軋(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)加(jia)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)格尺寸窄的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題，有的(de)(de)(de)(de)配以張力減徑(jing)(jing)來擴大機(ji)(ji)組生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)規(gui)(gui)格范圍(wei)。