輥式冷彎成型是以金屬薄板或帶卷為原料，并通過多架裝配了具有一定形狀的成型輥對坯料逐架次進行彎曲變形，從而得到均一最面的產品的塑性加工方法。

  一(yi)般(ban)每架(jia)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)機(ji)裝有一(yi)對(dui)或(huo)多對(dui)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)輥(gun)，每列(lie)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)機(ji)組由兩架(jia)以上的成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)機(ji)組線。在輥(gun)式冷彎(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)過(guo)程中只有彎(wan)曲變形。除坯(pi)料彎(wan)曲角(jiao)局部有輕微減薄外，變形材(cai)料的厚度在成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)過(guo)程中保持不變。這種加(jia)工(gong)方法(fa)特別適合于外形縱(zong)長、批量(liang)較大(da)的高精度產品的加(jia)工(gong)，此外，在輥(gun)式冷彎(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)過(guo)程中，可(ke)以很容易地將沖(chong)裁、打孔、壓(ya)印、縱(zong)彎(wan)等輔助加(jia)工(gong)引入進來。

  輥式冷彎成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝可(ke)分為(wei)四(si)種，即單(dan)張（或單(dan)件）成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝、成(cheng)卷成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝、連續成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝和(he)聯合(he)加工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝。每(mei)一種工(gong)(gong)藝都可(ke)分為(wei)3個階(jie)(jie)段，即成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)前坯料準(zhun)備(bei)階(jie)(jie)段、成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)加工(gong)(gong)階(jie)(jie)段、型(xing)(xing)材精整階(jie)(jie)段。

  單張成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)就是預(yu)定尺(chi)坯(pi)料的成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型方法。這種(zhong)方法在(zai)坯(pi)料成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型之前將坯(pi)料切成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)定尺(chi)長度(du)，然后用(yong)(yong)送(song)(song)料輥(gun)(gun)將坯(pi)料送(song)(song)進成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型輥(gun)(gun)，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型后的型材不必經(jing)剪切即可收(shou)集入(ru)庫。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)這種(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)的成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型輥(gun)(gun)的速(su)度(du)一般在(zai)15~75m/min.這種(zhong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)主要應用(yong)(yong)于(yu)小批量、成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型后型材鋸切比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)困難的情況下(xia)。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)單張成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型機組的設(she)備(bei)較(jiao)(jiao)簡單、工(gong)(gong)具費用(yong)(yong)少、投資低。但用(yong)(yong)這種(zhong)生產(chan)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)得(de)到的型材邊部縱向(xiang)拉伸較(jiao)(jiao)大，因(yin)而只有(you)利用(yong)(yong)側立(li)輥(gun)(gun)才能(neng)得(de)到比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)精確的產(chan)品形。

  成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)卷(juan)(juan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)和連(lian)續(xu)(xu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)基本(ben)相(xiang)同，所不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)是(shi)連(lian)續(xu)(xu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)時前一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)帶材的(de)(de)尾部與(yu)后一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)帶材的(de)(de)頭(tou)部經過齊對焊(han)，使坯料(liao)帶材連(lian)續(xu)(xu)不(bu)(bu)斷地(di)進(jin)人成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)機進(jin)行(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)。而成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)卷(juan)(juan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)時帶卷(juan)(juan)頭(tou)尾不(bu)(bu)對焊(han)，進(jin)行(xing)單(dan)卷(juan)(juan)供料(liao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)。與(yu)單(dan)張成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)相(xiang)比，這(zhe)兩(liang)種成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)更(geng)加高效、高產、通用。這(zhe)兩(liang)種成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要優(you)點是(shi)：

①. 帶卷成本(ben)低(di)、切損少，因而降低(di)了材(cai)料總成本(ben)。

②. 由于需(xu)要的成(cheng)型機架(jia)數少且不需(xu)要額外的導衛裝置，因而工具成(cheng)本(ben)低。

③. 可以加(jia)工(gong)(gong)形狀比單張成(cheng)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝更復雜(za)的型(xing)材。

④. 型材的頭(tou)尾(wei)部扭曲及(ji)張開度(du)減小。

⑤. 由于操(cao)作幾(ji)乎是連續的，因而生產率(lv)得到提高(gao)。

  但(dan)這兩(liang)種(zhong)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工藝需要開卷機(ji)(ji)(ji)、活套器、對(dui)焊機(ji)(ji)(ji)、定(ding)尺飛鋸或飛剪等輔助(zhu)設備，因而其(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)設備投資較大(da)、占(zhan)地較大(da)。成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)的(de)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)速度一般為(wei)30~90m/min.目(mu)前投產的(de)絕大(da)多數輥(gun)式冷彎(wan)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)均(jun)是采(cai)用(yong)這兩(liang)種(zhong)工藝，因此(ci)后(hou)面將以這兩(liang)種(zhong)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工藝為(wei)例進行重(zhong)點闡述(shu)，圖5-1給出了其(qi)工藝流程示(shi)意圖。

  聯(lian)(lian)合加工(gong)工(gong)藝用(yong)于加工(gong)具有特定要求(qiu)的(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)彎(wan)型(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)，如高強度冷(leng)(leng)彎(wan)型(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)、閉口焊接冷(leng)(leng)彎(wan)型(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)、熱(re)處理強化冷(leng)(leng)彎(wan)型(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)、周(zhou)期波紋(wen)板沖孔冷(leng)(leng)彎(wan)型(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)，涂(tu)層冷(leng)(leng)彎(wan)型(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)等(deng)。聯(lian)(lian)合加工(gong)成型(xing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組的(de)(de)設備最復雜、投資最高。根據(ju)產品(pin)的(de)(de)要求(qiu)這種機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組可包括如下(xia)設備：直縫(feng)焊機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、對焊機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、輥(gun)式沖孔機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、輥(gun)式壓印機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、涂(tu)層機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、熱(re)處理設備等(deng)。

 輥(gun)式冷(leng)彎(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)是(shi)用一組成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)輥(gun)將帶(dai)材逐漸壓(ya)(ya)彎(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)所(suo)(suo)需的(de)(de)(de)斷面型(xing)材，現以(yi)冷(leng)彎(wan)(wan)角(jiao)(jiao)鋼(gang)為例(li)，圖5-2是(shi)由4個機(ji)架(jia)(jia)組成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)輥(gun)式冷(leng)彎(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)機(ji)組，第(di)一機(ji)架(jia)(jia)完成(cheng)(cheng)帶(dai)材的(de)(de)(de)平整和送(song)進工(gong)作，第(di)二～第(di)四機(ji)架(jia)(jia)各承擔一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)彎(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)任務，使帶(dai)材通過后被彎(wan)(wan)曲壓(ya)(ya)制成(cheng)(cheng)角(jiao)(jiao)型(xing)材。每(mei)一對成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)輥(gun)所(suo)(suo)分擔的(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)曲變(bian)形量，決定(ding)了該機(ji)架(jia)(jia)孔(kong)型(xing)設計的(de)(de)(de)基本尺(chi)寸(cun)。不過至今的(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)型(xing)設計主要還(huan)是(shi)依靠(kao)經驗的(de)(de)(de)積累，尚缺乏理論解(jie)析方法。