輥式冷彎成型是以金屬薄板或帶卷為原料，并通過多架裝配了具有一定形狀的成型輥對坯料逐架次進行彎曲變形，從而得到均一最面的產品的塑性加工方法。

  一(yi)般每(mei)架成型(xing)(xing)機裝有一(yi)對或多對成型(xing)(xing)輥(gun)，每(mei)列成型(xing)(xing)機組(zu)由(you)兩(liang)架以上的(de)成型(xing)(xing)機組(zu)線。在(zai)(zai)輥(gun)式冷彎(wan)(wan)成型(xing)(xing)過(guo)程(cheng)中只(zhi)有彎(wan)(wan)曲(qu)變(bian)(bian)形。除坯(pi)料彎(wan)(wan)曲(qu)角局部(bu)有輕微減薄外，變(bian)(bian)形材料的(de)厚度在(zai)(zai)成型(xing)(xing)過(guo)程(cheng)中保持(chi)不變(bian)(bian)。這種加工(gong)方法特別(bie)適合于外形縱長(chang)、批量(liang)較大的(de)高精度產(chan)品的(de)加工(gong)，此外，在(zai)(zai)輥(gun)式冷彎(wan)(wan)成型(xing)(xing)過(guo)程(cheng)中，可以很(hen)容易地將沖裁、打(da)孔、壓印、縱彎(wan)(wan)等輔助(zhu)加工(gong)引入進來。

  輥式冷彎成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)可(ke)分為四種，即單(dan)張（或單(dan)件）成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)、成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)卷(juan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)、連(lian)續成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)和(he)聯合(he)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。每(mei)一種工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)都(dou)可(ke)分為3個階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，即成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)前坯料(liao)準(zhun)備階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)、成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)、型(xing)材精整階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)。

  單(dan)(dan)張成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)就是預定(ding)尺坯(pi)料(liao)的(de)(de)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)方法(fa)(fa)。這種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方法(fa)(fa)在坯(pi)料(liao)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)之前將(jiang)坯(pi)料(liao)切(qie)成(cheng)定(ding)尺長(chang)度(du)(du)，然(ran)后用(yong)(yong)送(song)料(liao)輥(gun)(gun)將(jiang)坯(pi)料(liao)送(song)進(jin)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)(gun)，成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)后的(de)(de)型(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)不必經(jing)剪切(qie)即可收集入庫(ku)。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)這種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)的(de)(de)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)(gun)的(de)(de)速度(du)(du)一般在15~75m/min.這種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)主要(yao)應用(yong)(yong)于(yu)小批量、成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)后型(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)鋸切(qie)比較(jiao)困難的(de)(de)情況下。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)單(dan)(dan)張成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)機組的(de)(de)設備較(jiao)簡單(dan)(dan)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)具費用(yong)(yong)少、投資低。但用(yong)(yong)這種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)產(chan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)得(de)到的(de)(de)型(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)邊(bian)部(bu)縱向(xiang)拉伸較(jiao)大，因而只有利用(yong)(yong)側立(li)輥(gun)(gun)才能得(de)到比較(jiao)精確(que)的(de)(de)產(chan)品形。

  成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)卷成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)和連續成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)基本相(xiang)同，所(suo)不(bu)同的(de)(de)是連續成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)時(shi)前一卷帶(dai)(dai)材(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)尾部(bu)與后一卷帶(dai)(dai)材(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)頭部(bu)經(jing)過齊對焊，使(shi)坯料帶(dai)(dai)材(cai)(cai)連續不(bu)斷地進人(ren)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)機進行成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)。而成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)卷成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)時(shi)帶(dai)(dai)卷頭尾不(bu)對焊，進行單卷供料成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)。與單張成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)相(xiang)比(bi)，這(zhe)兩種(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)更(geng)加(jia)高(gao)效、高(gao)產、通用。這(zhe)兩種(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)的(de)(de)主要優(you)點(dian)是：

①. 帶卷成(cheng)本(ben)低(di)、切損(sun)少，因而(er)降低(di)了材(cai)料總成(cheng)本(ben)。

②. 由于需要的成型(xing)機(ji)架數(shu)少且不需要額外的導衛(wei)裝置，因而工(gong)具成本低。

③. 可(ke)以加工形狀(zhuang)比(bi)單(dan)張成型(xing)工藝更復(fu)雜的型(xing)材。

④. 型(xing)材的頭尾部扭曲及張(zhang)開(kai)度減小(xiao)。

⑤. 由于操作幾(ji)乎(hu)是連續的，因而生產率得(de)到提(ti)高。

  但這(zhe)兩種成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工藝需要開(kai)卷機、活套器、對焊機、定(ding)尺(chi)飛鋸(ju)或飛剪等(deng)輔助設備，因(yin)而(er)其機組(zu)設備投資較大(da)(da)、占地較大(da)(da)。成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)機組(zu)的(de)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)速度一般為30~90m/min.目前投產的(de)絕大(da)(da)多(duo)數(shu)輥式冷彎成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)機組(zu)均(jun)是采用這(zhe)兩種工藝，因(yin)此后(hou)面將以這(zhe)兩種成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工藝為例(li)進行重(zhong)點闡述，圖5-1給出了其工藝流程示意圖。

  聯(lian)(lian)合加工工藝用(yong)于加工具(ju)有特定要求的冷彎(wan)型鋼(gang)(gang)，如高強度冷彎(wan)型鋼(gang)(gang)、閉(bi)口焊接冷彎(wan)型鋼(gang)(gang)、熱(re)處理強化冷彎(wan)型鋼(gang)(gang)、周期波紋板沖(chong)孔(kong)冷彎(wan)型鋼(gang)(gang)，涂(tu)層(ceng)冷彎(wan)型鋼(gang)(gang)等(deng)。聯(lian)(lian)合加工成型機(ji)組(zu)的設備最復雜(za)、投資最高。根據產品的要求這種機(ji)組(zu)可包(bao)括如下設備：直(zhi)縫(feng)焊機(ji)、對焊機(ji)、輥(gun)(gun)式沖(chong)孔(kong)機(ji)、輥(gun)(gun)式壓印機(ji)、涂(tu)層(ceng)機(ji)、熱(re)處理設備等(deng)。

 輥(gun)式(shi)冷(leng)彎(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型是(shi)(shi)用(yong)一(yi)(yi)組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型輥(gun)將帶(dai)(dai)材逐漸壓彎(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)所(suo)需的斷面型材，現以冷(leng)彎(wan)角鋼為例(li)，圖5-2是(shi)(shi)由4個機(ji)(ji)(ji)架(jia)(jia)(jia)組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的輥(gun)式(shi)冷(leng)彎(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型機(ji)(ji)(ji)組，第(di)一(yi)(yi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)架(jia)(jia)(jia)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)帶(dai)(dai)材的平整和送進工作，第(di)二～第(di)四機(ji)(ji)(ji)架(jia)(jia)(jia)各承擔(dan)一(yi)(yi)定的壓彎(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型任務，使(shi)帶(dai)(dai)材通過(guo)后被彎(wan)曲壓制成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)角型材。每一(yi)(yi)對成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型輥(gun)所(suo)分擔(dan)的彎(wan)曲變形量，決(jue)定了該機(ji)(ji)(ji)架(jia)(jia)(jia)孔型設計的基本(ben)尺(chi)寸。不過(guo)至(zhi)今(jin)的孔型設計主要還是(shi)(shi)依靠經(jing)驗的積(ji)累，尚缺乏理論解析方法。