寬幅冷彎型鋼成(cheng)型機組按照生(sheng)產工藝(yi)的要(yao)求(qiu),應設置(zhi)有成(cheng)型及成(cheng)型所必需(xu)的輔助設施。一(yi)條(tiao)好的成(cheng)型機組,一(yi)定(ding)是能生(sheng)產出高質(zhi)量的產品,而所需(xu)能耗(hao)低,操作方(fang)便,運行(xing)安(an)全。成(cheng)型機組的主要(yao)參數源于(yu)極端情況下的工藝(yi)條(tiao)件。
冷彎(wan)(wan)型(xing)(xing)鋼(gang)的(de)品(pin)種(zhong)規格多(duo)達數千種(zhong),用于加工生產冷彎(wan)(wan)型(xing)(xing)鋼(gang)的(de)冷彎(wan)(wan)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)機組(zu)(zu)也多(duo)種(zhong)多(duo)樣,各不相(xiang)同。有構造簡(jian)單、價(jia)格低廉的(de)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)機組(zu)(zu),即小型(xing)(xing)連續成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)機組(zu)(zu);也有技(ji)術先(xian)進、結構復(fu)雜、檢測控制現代化的(de)造價(jia)昂貴的(de)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)機組(zu)(zu),即中、大型(xing)(xing)機組(zu)(zu)。選用何種(zhong)類型(xing)(xing)機組(zu)(zu),這(zhe)要依據產品(pin)的(de)厚度、寬度、材(cai)質和型(xing)(xing)鋼(gang)斷面(mian)形狀的(de)復(fu)雜程度(型(xing)(xing)材(cai)形狀復(fu)雜程度是(shi)由彎(wan)(wan)曲的(de)個(ge)數和彎(wan)(wan)曲量的(de)大小決定的(de))來確定。
冷(leng)彎型鋼的冷(leng)彎成型機組示意圖,如圖5-1所(suo)示。

1. 連續(xu)冷彎(wan)成(cheng)型機組的組成(cheng)
在連(lian)續(xu)冷彎(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)機組中(zhong),帶鋼(gang)(gang)需要連(lian)續(xu)不斷的(de)送(song)進(jin)(jin),以保(bao)證成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)輥及成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)機組連(lian)續(xu)不斷成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),這也是(shi)保(bao)證成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)過程(cheng)的(de)穩(wen)定及成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)質量的(de)需要。為了(le)保(bao)證帶鋼(gang)(gang)連(lian)續(xu)送(song)進(jin)(jin),必須在成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)段前設置有上卷(juan)、開卷(juan)、對中(zhong)、矯直、帶鋼(gang)(gang)頭尾剪切等(deng)裝置和(he)設施;成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)段主(zhu)要有成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)機和(he)對冷彎(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)后的(de)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)材進(jin)(jin)行精(jing)整(zheng)(矯直、矯平(ping))的(de)裝置;成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)段后有剪機、輥道平(ping)臺(tai)等(deng),主(zhu)要是(shi)將(jiang)已經成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)材進(jin)(jin)行定尺(chi)剪切,并完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)材的(de)定尺(chi)、垛(duo)放和(he)包裝等(deng)工序。
2. 小型連續(xu)冷彎成型機組
小型(xing)連(lian)續冷(leng)彎成(cheng)型(xing)機組適用于厚(hou)度較薄、幅面較窄(zhai)的帶鋼成(cheng)型(xing),一般采用吊(diao)車(che)上(shang)卷(juan)、手(shou)(shou)工開卷(juan)、手(shou)(shou)工對中和喂(wei)料等,就不需要設置(zhi)上(shang)卷(juan)小車(che)、開卷(juan)機、對中立輥和矯直機等。
薄(bo)板窄(zhai)帶(dai)冷彎成(cheng)型(xing)的變形力較小(xiao),因(yin)而大(da)多(duo)采用(yong)結構(gou)簡單、造(zao)價低廉的板式結構(gou)機架(jia)、鏈(lian)條鏈(lian)輪傳動方式。為(wei)了加(jia)強兩(liang)側墻板式機架(jia)的剛性(xing),在兩(liang)板式成(cheng)型(xing)機架(jia)之間(jian)上(shang)部用(yong)拉桿(gan)連(lian)接(jie)。
3. 中、大型連續冷彎成型機組
中(zhong)(zhong)、大型(xing)(xing)(xing)連續冷彎成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)機組,適用于寬(kuan)(kuan)幅(fu)(fu)、較厚(hou)的帶(dai)鋼成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing),由于帶(dai)鋼幅(fu)(fu)寬(kuan)(kuan)、板厚(hou),手工(gong)操作就不大可能了。成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)段前(qian),應包(bao)括有上卷小車、開卷機(配有液(ye)壓驅動的脹縮卷筒)、對中(zhong)(zhong)立輥(gun)、帶(dai)鋼矯直機、液(ye)壓或機械帶(dai)鋼橫(heng)切剪切機等(deng)。成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)段包(bao)括有成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)機和矯平裝置等(deng)。成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)段后面包(bao)括有定尺(chi)、剪切裝置和輥(gun)道平臺等(deng)。
對成型機(ji)組(zu)的一般要求:
①. 設計合理,生產的產品(pin)能滿足(zu)標準要求;
②. 成型輥的(de)安裝、更換和調整要(yao)方(fang)便(bian)快捷、時(shi)間短;
③. 結構緊湊,剛性(xing)好,精度高;
④. 自動化程(cheng)度高;
⑤. 成型速度在(zai)一定范圍內可調;
⑥. 性能可靠(kao)(kao),使用壽命(ming)長,主要(yao)元器(qi)件(電(dian)器(qi)、液壓(ya))可靠(kao)(kao)且要(yao)有動作互鎖功能,以防止(zhi)誤操作。

