不銹(xiu)鋼瓦楞(leng)形板(ban)是不銹(xiu)鋼寬幅(fu)型鋼的一(yi)種，由于其形狀(zhuang)如(ru)同(tong)頂上用瓦片鋪成的行(xing)列隆起部分，故稱為香蕉視頻app下載蘋果版:不銹鋼瓦楞形板，如圖5-37所示。

 人們過去常見的(de)(de)“瓦(wa)楞（形(xing)(xing)）板(ban)(ban)”大都是(shi)(shi)用(yong)普通低碳(tan)鋼，也就是(shi)(shi)非合金鋼材(cai)料(liao)制成的(de)(de)（見圖5-38),還(huan)有(you)用(yong)非金屬材(cai)料(liao)如石棉、塑(su)料(liao)、紙板(ban)(ban)等(deng)制成的(de)(de)瓦(wa)楞形(xing)(xing)板(ban)(ban)。這些瓦(wa)楞形(xing)(xing)板(ban)(ban)主要(yao)(yao)用(yong)于建筑領域的(de)(de)屋頂材(cai)料(liao)、外(wai)墻(qiang)材(cai)料(liao)和各種包(bao)裝箱(xiang)體的(de)(de)外(wai)形(xing)(xing)材(cai)料(liao)和產品包(bao)裝箱(xiang)、盒等(deng)，之所以做成瓦(wa)楞形(xing)(xing)狀，主要(yao)(yao)目的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)增加結構剛度和穩定(ding)性。因(yin)此，其尺寸精度和表面質量要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)及材(cai)質要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)都不是(shi)(shi)很高。

 此處(chu)介紹的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)楞(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)板(ban)與普(pu)通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)楞(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)（形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)）板(ban)”有(you)(you)著本質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同，首先材料(liao)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)，無疑要比(bi)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)楞(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)（形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)）板(ban)”具(ju)有(you)(you)更高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強度、良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)耐腐蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)極好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝飾效果，另外(wai)在結構上也大不(bu)(bu)(bu)相同。這些都賦(fu)予了(le)不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)楞(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)板(ban)不(bu)(bu)(bu)僅具(ju)有(you)(you)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)“瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)楞(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)板(ban)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各種功能(neng)(neng)(neng)與作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，而且具(ju)有(you)(you)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)“瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)楞(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)（形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)）板(ban)”沒有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)，即不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)楞(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)板(ban)可以作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)傳熱元件(jian)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)。作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)傳熱元件(jian)，對其(qi)各方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)就(jiu)比(bi)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)“瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)楞(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)（形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)）板(ban)”高(gao)得多(duo)，特別是(shi)對瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)楞(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)板(ban)表觀(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)。對瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)楞(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)板(ban)表觀(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)主要體(ti)現在對外(wai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)尺寸和(he)表面(mian)質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)上。因此，采用(yong)(yong)(yong)何種方(fang)式(shi)、何種工藝(yi)加工生產不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)楞(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)板(ban)就(jiu)成為(wei)保證其(qi)外(wai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)尺寸和(he)質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵。其(qi)他(ta)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)（機械性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、耐腐蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)焊(han)接性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)）主要取決(jue)于所(suo)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材料(liao)。

1. 不銹鋼瓦楞形(xing)板外形(xing)尺寸

 從圖5-37和圖5-39可(ke)以(yi)看出不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼瓦楞形(xing)(xing)板的(de)外(wai)表(biao)形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)是(shi)有(you)(you)規律(lv)、周(zhou)期性變化的(de)，而且(qie)彎曲深(shen)度(du)較小、形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)單(dan)一，不(bu)僅有(you)(you)橫向(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)，而且(qie)還有(you)(you)縱向(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)。所以(yi)說，其形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)既簡(jian)(jian)單(dan)又(you)復雜(za)，簡(jian)(jian)單(dan)是(shi)指(zhi)形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)單(dan)一，有(you)(you)規律(lv)；復雜(za)是(shi)指(zhi)不(bu)僅有(you)(you)橫向(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)，而且(qie)還有(you)(you)縱向(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)。這就(jiu)給不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼瓦楞形(xing)(xing)板的(de)成(cheng)型(xing)帶(dai)來不(bu)小的(de)難度(du)，在成(cheng)型(xing)工(gong)藝上必須采取相應的(de)工(gong)藝措施和手(shou)段，方能(neng)保證獲得要求的(de)外(wai)形(xing)(xing)尺寸和成(cheng)型(xing)質量。

 圖(tu)5-39是不銹(xiu)鋼瓦楞形(xing)板(ban)的實(shi)物(wu)照片(pian)，從圖(tu)片(pian)可以(yi)看出(chu)，不銹(xiu)鋼瓦楞形(xing)板(ban)的外表(biao)和(he)形(xing)狀是非常美觀、漂(piao)亮的，具有較高的觀賞性(xing)，如同工藝品、裝飾品。

 圖5-39不(bu)銹鋼瓦楞(leng)形板A-A截(jie)(jie)面尺(chi)寸，見(jian)(jian)圖5-40,B-B截(jie)(jie)面尺(chi)寸，見(jian)(jian)圖5-41。

 不銹鋼瓦楞形板成品實物(wu)斷(duan)面圖片，見(jian)圖5-40(b)和圖5-41(b)。

 從圖5-40和圖5-41可以(yi)看出，不(bu)銹鋼瓦楞形(xing)板的斷(duan)面變化(hua)的規律是周期性的，斷(duan)面形(xing)狀是關于縱向中(zhong)心(xin)線為(wei)對稱的型鋼，彎曲(qu)深(shen)度(du)較淺，深(shen)度(du)僅(jin)有(you)7mm。

 不銹鋼瓦楞形板外形尺寸精度：截面(mian)最大邊長誤差(cha)≤0.3mm;圓角最大直徑：≤2.0mm;縱向、橫向彎曲度：每(mei)米≤1mm; 扭轉：每(mei)米≤1°。

2. 瓦楞形板橫(heng)向(xiang)波紋的(de)成型(xing)

 不銹鋼瓦(wa)楞形(xing)板輥式冷(leng)(leng)彎(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)時，首先(xian)將(jiang)不銹鋼冷(leng)(leng)軋平(ping)板預彎(wan)曲(qu)鐓(dui)壓成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)弧(hu)形(xing)波(bo)紋(wen)，如(ru)圖(tu)(tu)5-42所示的(de)(de)第一架(jia)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)輥孔形(xing)的(de)(de)形(xing)狀(zhuang)。輥形(xing)的(de)(de)形(xing)狀(zhuang)為(wei)(wei)，向(xiang)(xiang)下彎(wan)曲(qu)的(de)(de)弧(hu)形(xing)直徑(jing)為(wei)(wei)Φ=265mm,向(xiang)(xiang)上彎(wan)曲(qu)的(de)(de)弧(hu)形(xing)直徑(jing)為(wei)(wei)Φ=164mm,帶鋼進(jin)入并通過(guo)如(ru)此輥型(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)(shi)毫(hao)不困(kun)難的(de)(de)，一個(ge)波(bo)長(chang)(chang)（周期(qi)）為(wei)(wei)83.40mm,弧(hu)深度（垂直位移(yi)）為(wei)(wei)4.12mm,這個(ge)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)形(xing)狀(zhuang)無論是(shi)(shi)在變形(xing)寬度上，還是(shi)(shi)變形(xing)深度上都(dou)是(shi)(shi)可行的(de)(de)和符合要求的(de)(de)。一個(ge)波(bo)長(chang)(chang)（周期(qi)）橫向(xiang)(xiang)位移(yi)（減(jian)寬量）為(wei)(wei)0.60mm,相對減(jian)寬率（橫向(xiang)(xiang)位移(yi)）為(wei)(wei)0.71%,見(jian)圖(tu)(tu)5-42,如(ru)此的(de)(de)位移(yi)（減(jian)寬量）不會對鐓(dui)壓成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)困(kun)難和產生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)缺陷(xian)，這些都(dou)為(wei)(wei)第二架(jia)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)輥再(zai)鐓(dui)壓創造了條件。

 第(di)(di)二架(jia)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)在第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)架(jia)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)的(de)鐓壓(ya)(ya)基礎上，再次鐓壓(ya)(ya)，使其達到(dao)如圖(tu)5-42所示(shi)的(de)孔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，弧(hu)度直徑分別為(wei)Φ=133mm和p=82mm,一(yi)(yi)個波(bo)(bo)長(chang)(chang)（周(zhou)期）為(wei)81.70mm、弧(hu)深(shen)度為(wei)8.18mm,這(zhe)(zhe)就是說(shuo)寬(kuan)度和深(shen)度更(geng)接近(jin)于成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，而(er)(er)相對減寬(kuan)量（水(shui)平(ping)位(wei)移）僅為(wei)1.42mm,相對減寬(kuan)率（水(shui)平(ping)方向）為(wei)1.7%,要比第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)道(dao)次大了許多(duo)，這(zhe)(zhe)是符合開始小一(yi)(yi)些(xie)、中間大一(yi)(yi)些(xie)的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)規(gui)律要求(qiu)的(de)，見(jian)第(di)(di)三架(jia)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)在第(di)(di)二架(jia)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)的(de)鐓壓(ya)(ya)基礎上，再鐓壓(ya)(ya)，使其達到(dao)如圖(tu)5-42所示(shi)的(de)孔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，這(zhe)(zhe)時將已經成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)弧(hu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)瓦楞(leng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鐓壓(ya)(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)梯形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)瓦楞(leng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，而(er)(er)一(yi)(yi)個波(bo)(bo)長(chang)(chang)（周(zhou)期）為(wei)80mm,相對減寬(kuan)量（水(shui)平(ping)位(wei)移）僅為(wei)2.28mm,一(yi)(yi)個波(bo)(bo)長(chang)(chang)（周(zhou)期）相對減寬(kuan)率（水(shui)平(ping)方向）為(wei)2.79%.通過鐓壓(ya)(ya)使弧(hu)深(shen)由8.18mm減小為(wei)7.00mm,這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)可使梯形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)更(geng)加精確到(dao)位(wei)，為(wei)最后沖(chong)壓(ya)(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)達到(dao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)及尺(chi)寸奠定良好的(de)基礎，此時，橫向鐓壓(ya)(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)已全部完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，隨后將采(cai)用(yong)沖(chong)壓(ya)(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)在已成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)橫向波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)上完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)最終成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)。

 圖(tu)5-42是各(ge)架(jia)次成(cheng)型輥輥形尺寸(cun)圖(tu)。

 第三(san)架(jia)成型輥(gun)輥(gun)形圖(tu)和(he)孔(kong)形圖(tu)，見圖(tu)5-43.第三(san)架(jia)成型輥(gun)應(ying)是由多片輥(gun)片疊(die)加組(zu)合而(er)成的(de)(de)(de)組(zu)合輥(gun)，輥(gun)片的(de)(de)(de)水平段(duan)(duan)和(he)圓弧段(duan)(duan)采取與板材接觸的(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)(shi)，而(er)傾斜段(duan)(duan)則采取與板材不(bu)接觸的(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)(shi)，為(wei)的(de)(de)(de)是減少成型表面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)擦劃傷(shang)，此(ci)(ci)外(wai)，如(ru)此(ci)(ci)結構(gou)也將便(bian)于成型輥(gun)的(de)(de)(de)加工和(he)隨后的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)與維護等。上、下(xia)輥(gun)斜角采取圓弧過(guo)渡(du)，一般情況下(xia)，圓弧的(de)(de)(de)直徑(jing)應(ying)大(da)于板厚，所以圖(tu)5-43所示的(de)(de)(de)第三(san)架(jia)上、下(xia)輥(gun)斜角的(de)(de)(de)圓弧過(guo)渡(du)直徑(jing)為(wei)2.0mm,見圖(tu)5-43局部放大(da)圖(tu)。

3. 縱向波(bo)紋的成(cheng)型

 縱(zong)向(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)的(de)(de)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)是在橫(heng)向(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)之后的(de)(de)橫(heng)向(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)上(shang)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)。所以在已(yi)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)上(shang)再成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)縱(zong)向(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)是有難度(du)的(de)(de)。其(qi)難度(du)主要(yao)表現為，可能破壞已(yi)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)橫(heng)向(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)，而且縱(zong)向(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)也成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)不好。選用何種(zhong)方式成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)就成(cheng)為縱(zong)向(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)關鍵。

 沖(chong)(chong)壓成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)輥(gun)就是(shi)在(zai)一對(dui)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)輥(gun)上(shang)，按工藝和(he)產(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)要求(qiu)，在(zai)要面上(shang)間隙分布著(zhu)凸起和(he)凹(ao)陷(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)部(bu)分，用于(yu)壓制成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)楞(leng)形(xing)板(ban)的(de)(de)縱(zong)(zong)向(xiang)波(bo)紋(wen)(wen)，同時又(you)不(bu)能損壞已成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)橫(heng)向(xiang)梯形(xing)波(bo)紋(wen)(wen)，縱(zong)(zong)向(xiang)波(bo)紋(wen)(wen)尺寸(cun)圖(tu)及(ji)(ji)實物圖(tu)片，見(jian)圖(tu)5-40和(he)圖(tu)5-41。之所以(yi)將(jiang)沖(chong)(chong)壓成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)輥(gun)置(zhi)于(yu)橫(heng)向(xiang)波(bo)紋(wen)(wen)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)輥(gun)后(hou)、平(ping)整(zheng)輥(gun)前(qian)，是(shi)為了(le)保證(zheng)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)楞(leng)形(xing)板(ban)的(de)(de)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)過(guo)程(cheng)的(de)(de)穩(wen)定和(he)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)質量。可以(yi)想象，在(zai)沒有橫(heng)向(xiang)波(bo)紋(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)平(ping)板(ban)帶材(cai)上(shang)沖(chong)(chong)壓成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)凸起和(he)凹(ao)陷(xian)(xian)型(xing)(xing)材(cai)，由于(yu)自由度(du)大沒有約束(shu)力(li)，沖(chong)(chong)壓成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)會造(zao)成(cheng)坯料局(ju)部(bu)收縮(suo)(suo)，產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)皺折(zhe)及(ji)(ji)其他缺陷(xian)(xian)，影響成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)質量和(he)成(cheng)品的(de)(de)尺寸(cun)。另(ling)外，瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)楞(leng)形(xing)板(ban)型(xing)(xing)鋼截面受材(cai)料內部(bu)殘余應力(li)作用，很容易產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)扭轉，這也會影響成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)過(guo)程(cheng)的(de)(de)穩(wen)定性。但在(zai)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)楞(leng)形(xing)板(ban)橫(heng)向(xiang)波(bo)紋(wen)(wen)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)輥(gun)后(hou)、平(ping)整(zheng)輥(gun)前(qian)，再用沖(chong)(chong)壓輥(gun)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)其縱(zong)(zong)向(xiang)波(bo)紋(wen)(wen)，此時，已成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)橫(heng)向(xiang)波(bo)紋(wen)(wen)使瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)楞(leng)形(xing)板(ban)的(de)(de)剛度(du)增大，同時又(you)受到(dao)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)輥(gun)和(he)平(ping)整(zheng)輥(gun)的(de)(de)約束(shu)，其自由度(du)就減(jian)小。以(yi)上(shang)這些都可以(yi)有效(xiao)地防止局(ju)部(bu)收縮(suo)(suo)和(he)型(xing)(xing)鋼的(de)(de)扭轉，從而對(dui)保證(zheng)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)楞(leng)形(xing)板(ban)的(de)(de)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)及(ji)(ji)質量起到(dao)有效(xiao)的(de)(de)保障作用。瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)楞(leng)形(xing)板(ban)橫(heng)向(xiang)波(bo)紋(wen)(wen)沖(chong)(chong)壓輥(gun)的(de)(de)示意圖(tu)，見(jian)圖(tu)5-44。

 沖壓成(cheng)型輥(gun)也應做成(cheng)組合式輥(gun)子(zi)，即由(you)多輥(gun)片疊加組合而成(cheng)。這(zhe)種形式的輥(gun)子(zi)便于加工(gong)和(he)維護，調整使用方便。