在一些檢修部門，習慣用手工來研磨香蕉視頻app下載蘋果版:閥門密封面。手工研磨只使用簡單的研磨工具而不需復雜的研磨設備，但這是一種費力的工作，生產效率很低，研磨質量主要依靠工人的技術水平來保證，因此研磨質量往往不夠穩定。

  手工研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)分為(wei)粗(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)、精研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)和(he)拋(pao)光(guang)(guang)等(deng)。粗(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)是(shi)為(wei)了(le)消(xiao)除密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)擦傷、壓痕、蝕點(dian)等(deng)缺陷，提(ti)高密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)平整(zheng)(zheng)度(du)(du)(du)和(he)降(jiang)低粗(cu)糙(cao)(cao)度(du)(du)(du)，為(wei)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)精研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)打下(xia)(xia)基礎。精研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)是(shi)為(wei)了(le)消(xiao)除密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)粗(cu)紋路，進(jin)一(yi)步提(ti)高密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平整(zheng)(zheng)度(du)(du)(du)和(he)降(jiang)低粗(cu)糙(cao)(cao)度(du)(du)(du)。拋(pao)光(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)降(jiang)低密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)粗(cu)糙(cao)(cao)度(du)(du)(du)，一(yi)般(ban)用(yong)(yong)于粗(cu)糙(cao)(cao)度(du)(du)(du)Ra在0.2μm以下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。手工研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)不(bu)(bu)管粗(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)還是(shi)精研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)，整(zheng)(zheng)個過程(cheng)始終貫穿(chuan)提(ti)起、放下(xia)(xia)、旋轉、往復、輕敲、換向等(deng)操作相結合的(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)過程(cheng)。其(qi)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)避(bi)免磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)粒軌跡重(zhong)復，使密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)得到均勻(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)削(xue)，提(ti)高密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平整(zheng)(zheng)度(du)(du)(du)，降(jiang)低粗(cu)糙(cao)(cao)度(du)(du)(du)。在研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，要(yao)(yao)始終貫穿(chuan)著檢驗過程(cheng)，其(qi)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)隨時(shi)掌(zhang)握研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)情(qing)況，做到心中(zhong)(zhong)有數，使研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)質量達到技術要(yao)(yao)求。在研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，清潔(jie)工作是(shi)很重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環節，應做到“三(san)不(bu)(bu)落地(di)”，即被研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)件不(bu)(bu)落地(di)、工具(ju)不(bu)(bu)落地(di)、物料不(bu)(bu)落地(di)；“三(san)不(bu)(bu)見天”，即顯(xian)示劑(ji)用(yong)(yong)后(hou)上(shang)蓋、研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)劑(ji)用(yong)(yong)后(hou)上(shang)蓋、稀釋劑(ji)（液）用(yong)(yong)后(hou)上(shang)蓋；“三(san)干凈”，即研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)用(yong)(yong)前要(yao)(yao)抹(mo)洗(xi)(xi)干凈、密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)清洗(xi)(xi)干凈、更換研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)劑(ji)時(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)和(he)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)抹(mo)洗(xi)(xi)干凈。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)中(zhong)(zhong)應注(zhu)意(yi)檢查研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)不(bu)(bu)與密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)外任何疤點(dian)臺肩相摩擦，使研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)運動平穩，保證研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)質量。經(jing)過滲(shen)(shen)氨、滲(shen)(shen)硼(peng)等(deng)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)處(chu)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)時(shi)要(yao)(yao)小(xiao)心謹慎，因為(wei)滲(shen)(shen)透層的(de)(de)(de)(de)硬度(du)(du)(du)隨著研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)量增(zeng)大(da)而(er)明(ming)顯(xian)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)時(shi)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)削(xue)量應盡量小(xiao)，最好進(jin)行拋(pao)光(guang)(guang)使用(yong)(yong)，至少要(yao)(yao)精研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)后(hou)使用(yong)(yong)，如達不(bu)(bu)到要(yao)(yao)求，就(jiu)將殘(can)存的(de)(de)(de)(de)滲(shen)(shen)透層磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)掉，重(zhong)新滲(shen)(shen)透處(chu)理(li)(li)，恢(hui)復原(yuan)有密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性能。用(yong)(yong)于深冷(leng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)閥門密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)經(jing)過深冷(leng)定型(xing)處(chu)理(li)(li)后(hou)再研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)，否(fou)則，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)一(yi)經(jing)深冷(leng)就(jiu)會變形。深冷(leng)處(chu)理(li)(li)可(ke)在液氨中(zhong)(zhong)進(jin)行。刀型(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)一(yi)般(ban)寬度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)0.5~0.8mm,接(jie)近(jin)線密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)后(hou)，密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)會變寬，應注(zhu)意(yi)恢(hui)復刀型(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)原(yuan)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)尺寸(cun)，可(ke)用(yong)(yong)車削(xue)或研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)刀型(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)兩斜面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)恢(hui)復寬度(du)(du)(du)尺寸(cun)。

  研(yan)具使用(yong)后應進行一次檢查(cha)，對平整度不(bu)高的平面(mian)要修理好(hao)，并應清(qing)洗干凈，保(bao)持完整。要分門別類地把研(yan)磨工具擺放在工具箱內，以便(bian)以后使用(yong)。

  研磨(mo)分平面(mian)(mian)(mian)密封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)研磨(mo)、錐形密封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)研磨(mo)、圓弧密封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)研磨(mo)、圓柱體密封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)研磨(mo)等幾種。

①. 閥(fa)體(ti)平(ping)面密封(feng)面的研(yan)磨 

  閥體密(mi)封(feng)平面位(wei)于閥體內(nei)腔(qiang)，研(yan)磨比較困(kun)難。通常使(shi)用(yong)帶方孔(kong)的(de)(de)圓(yuan)盤狀研(yan)磨工具(ju)，放在(zai)內(nei)腔(qiang)的(de)(de)密(mi)封(feng)面上，再用(yong)帶方頭的(de)(de)長柄手把來帶動研(yan)盤運動。研(yan)盤上有圓(yuan)柱凸臺或引(yin)導墊片，以(yi)防止在(zai)研(yan)磨過(guo)程中研(yan)具(ju)局部離開環狀密(mi)封(feng)面而造成研(yan)磨不勻的(de)(de)現(xian)象。圖(tu)4-71為閘(zha)閥密(mi)封(feng)面的(de)(de)手工研(yan)磨。

  研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)前應(ying)(ying)將研(yan)具工作面(mian)(mian)(mian)用(yong)(yong)丙(bing)酮或汽油擦凈(jing)，并(bing)去除閥(fa)(fa)體密封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)的飛邊(bian)、毛刺，再在密封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)涂敷(fu)一(yi)層研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)劑。研(yan)具放入閥(fa)(fa)體內腔時(shi)(shi)(shi)，要(yao)仔細(xi)地(di)貼合在密封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)，然后采用(yong)(yong)長柄手(shou)(shou)把使研(yan)盤做正、反(fan)方向的回轉運動。先(xian)順時(shi)(shi)(shi)針回轉180°,再逆時(shi)(shi)(shi)針回轉90°,如此(ci)反(fan)復地(di)進行。一(yi)般回轉10余次(ci)后研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)劑中(zhong)的磨(mo)(mo)粒便已磨(mo)(mo)鈍，故應(ying)(ying)該經(jing)常抬起(qi)研(yan)盤來添新(xin)的研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)劑。研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)的壓力(li)要(yao)均勻，且不宜過(guo)大。粗研(yan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)壓力(li)可(ke)(ke)大些，精研(yan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)較(jiao)小(xiao)。應(ying)(ying)注意(yi)不要(yao)因(yin)施加壓力(li)使研(yan)具局部脫開密封(feng)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)。研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)一(yi)段時(shi)(shi)(shi)間后，要(yao)檢(jian)(jian)查工件的平(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)度(du)。此(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)取出(chu)研(yan)具，用(yong)(yong)丙(bing)酮或汽油將密封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)擦凈(jing)，再將圓(yuan)盤形的檢(jian)(jian)驗平(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)輕(qing)(qing)輕(qing)(qing)放在密封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)并(bing)用(yong)(yong)手(shou)(shou)輕(qing)(qing)輕(qing)(qing)旋動，取出(chu)平(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)后就可(ke)(ke)觀(guan)察到(dao)密封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)出(chu)現(xian)的接觸痕(hen)跡。當環狀密封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)均勻地(di)顯示接觸痕(hen)跡，而徑向最小(xiao)接觸寬(kuan)度(du)與(yu)(yu)密封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)寬(kuan)度(du)之比(bi)（即密封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)與(yu)(yu)檢(jian)(jian)驗平(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)的吻合度(du)）達到(dao)工藝上(shang)規定的數值(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，平(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)度(du)就可(ke)(ke)認為(wei)合格。為(wei)了(le)保證(zheng)檢(jian)(jian)驗的準確性，檢(jian)(jian)驗平(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)應(ying)(ying)經(jing)常檢(jian)(jian)查、修(xiu)整(zheng)。

②. 閘板、閥瓣平面(mian)密封面(mian)的研(yan)磨 

  閘板、閥(fa)(fa)瓣(ban)和(he)閥(fa)(fa)座的密封平(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)可(ke)使用研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)平(ping)(ping)板來手(shou)(shou)工(gong)研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)。研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)平(ping)(ping)板平(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)應平(ping)(ping)整。研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)用平(ping)(ping)板分(fen)刻(ke)槽平(ping)(ping)板和(he)光滑平(ping)(ping)板兩種(zhong)，如(ru)圖4-72所示。研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)工(gong)作前(qian)，先(xian)用丙(bing)酮或汽油將研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)平(ping)(ping)板的表面(mian)(mian)(mian)擦干凈，然后在平(ping)(ping)板上均(jun)勻、適量地(di)涂一層研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)劑，把需研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)的工(gong)件表面(mian)(mian)(mian)貼(tie)合在平(ping)(ping)板上即開始(shi)研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)。用手(shou)(shou)一邊旋轉(zhuan)一邊做直線運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)，或做“8”字(zi)形運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)。由于研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)方向的不(bu)斷變更，使磨(mo)(mo)(mo)粒不(bu)斷地(di)在新的方向起(qi)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)削(xue)作用，故(gu)可(ke)提高研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)效率。圖4-73所示為(wei)閥(fa)(fa)體(ti)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)密封面(mian)(mian)(mian)的手(shou)(shou)工(gong)研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)。

  為了(le)避免研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)平(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)的磨(mo)耗(hao)不(bu)均，不(bu)要總(zong)是在平(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)的中部(bu)研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)，應(ying)沿平(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)的全部(bu)表(biao)面上不(bu)斷(duan)變換部(bu)位，否則研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)平(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)將很快失(shi)去平(ping)(ping)(ping)面精(jing)度(du)。

  閘板(ban)(ban)及有些閥座呈楔狀，密封平面(mian)(mian)圓周上(shang)的(de)質量不(bu)均(jun)，厚薄不(bu)一(yi)(yi)致，容易產生偏磨(mo)現象，厚的(de)一(yi)(yi)頭(tou)容易多磨(mo)，薄的(de)一(yi)(yi)頭(tou)會少磨(mo)。所以，在(zai)研磨(mo)楔式(shi)(shi)閘板(ban)(ban)密封面(mian)(mian)時，應附(fu)加一(yi)(yi)個平衡力，使楔式(shi)(shi)閘板(ban)(ban)密封面(mian)(mian)均(jun)勻(yun)磨(mo)削。圖4-74所示為楔式(shi)(shi)閘板(ban)(ban)密封面(mian)(mian)的(de)整體(ti)研磨(mo)方法。