在一些檢修部門，習慣用手工來研磨香蕉視頻app下載蘋果版:閥門密封面。手工研磨只使用簡單的研磨工具而不需復雜的研磨設備，但這是一種費力的工作，生產效率很低，研磨質量主要依靠工人的技術水平來保證，因此研磨質量往往不夠穩定。

  手(shou)工(gong)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)分為(wei)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)、精(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)和(he)拋光等(deng)。粗(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)是為(wei)了消除密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擦傷、壓痕、蝕(shi)點(dian)等(deng)缺陷，提高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)平整度和(he)降(jiang)低(di)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)糙(cao)度，為(wei)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)精(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)打下基礎。精(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)是為(wei)了消除密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)紋路，進(jin)一步提高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平整度和(he)降(jiang)低(di)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)糙(cao)度。拋光的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是降(jiang)低(di)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)糙(cao)度，一般(ban)用(yong)(yong)于粗(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)糙(cao)度Ra在0.2μm以下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。手(shou)工(gong)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)不(bu)管粗(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)還是精(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)，整個過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)始終貫穿提起、放下、旋轉、往復、輕敲、換向等(deng)操作相結合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。其目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是避免磨(mo)(mo)(mo)粒軌跡重(zhong)復，使(shi)(shi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)得(de)到均勻(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)削，提高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平整度，降(jiang)低(di)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)糙(cao)度。在研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中，要(yao)(yao)始終貫穿著檢驗過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，其目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是隨時(shi)掌(zhang)握研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)情況，做到心中有(you)數(shu)，使(shi)(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)質(zhi)量達到技術要(yao)(yao)求。在研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中，清潔工(gong)作是很(hen)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)節(jie)，應做到“三不(bu)落(luo)(luo)地”，即被研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)件(jian)不(bu)落(luo)(luo)地、工(gong)具(ju)(ju)不(bu)落(luo)(luo)地、物料不(bu)落(luo)(luo)地；“三不(bu)見天(tian)”，即顯(xian)(xian)示劑(ji)(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)后上(shang)(shang)蓋(gai)、研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)后上(shang)(shang)蓋(gai)、稀釋劑(ji)(ji)(ji)（液）用(yong)(yong)后上(shang)(shang)蓋(gai)；“三干(gan)(gan)(gan)凈”，即研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)(ju)用(yong)(yong)前要(yao)(yao)抹(mo)洗(xi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)凈、密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)清洗(xi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)凈、更換研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)(ju)和(he)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)抹(mo)洗(xi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)凈。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)中應注意檢查研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)(ju)不(bu)與密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)外(wai)任(ren)何疤點(dian)臺肩相摩擦，使(shi)(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)(ju)運(yun)動平穩，保(bao)證研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)質(zhi)量。經(jing)(jing)過(guo)滲氨(an)、滲硼等(deng)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)處(chu)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)時(shi)要(yao)(yao)小(xiao)心謹慎，因(yin)為(wei)滲透層的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬度隨著研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)量增大而明顯(xian)(xian)下降(jiang)，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)時(shi)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)削量應盡量小(xiao)，最好進(jin)行拋光使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)，至(zhi)少要(yao)(yao)精(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)后使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)，如達不(bu)到要(yao)(yao)求，就將殘存的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滲透層磨(mo)(mo)(mo)掉，重(zhong)新滲透處(chu)理(li)，恢復原有(you)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)。用(yong)(yong)于深冷(leng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)閥門(men)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)經(jing)(jing)過(guo)深冷(leng)定型(xing)處(chu)理(li)后再研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)，否則，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)一經(jing)(jing)深冷(leng)就會變形。深冷(leng)處(chu)理(li)可(ke)在液氨(an)中進(jin)行。刀型(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)一般(ban)寬度為(wei)0.5~0.8mm,接近(jin)線密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)后，密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)會變寬，應注意恢復刀型(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)原有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尺寸，可(ke)用(yong)(yong)車削或研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)刀型(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)兩斜面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法恢復寬度尺寸。

  研具(ju)(ju)使用后應(ying)進行一次檢(jian)查，對平整(zheng)度不高的平面要修理好(hao)，并應(ying)清洗干(gan)凈，保持完整(zheng)。要分門別類地把研磨(mo)工具(ju)(ju)擺放在工具(ju)(ju)箱內，以(yi)便以(yi)后使用。

  研(yan)磨分平(ping)面密封(feng)面研(yan)磨、錐形密封(feng)面研(yan)磨、圓(yuan)弧密封(feng)面研(yan)磨、圓(yuan)柱(zhu)體密封(feng)面研(yan)磨等幾種。

①. 閥體平面(mian)密封(feng)面(mian)的研磨 

  閥體密封(feng)平面(mian)位于閥體內(nei)腔，研(yan)磨(mo)比較困難。通常(chang)使(shi)用帶方孔的(de)(de)圓盤狀研(yan)磨(mo)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)，放在內(nei)腔的(de)(de)密封(feng)面(mian)上，再用帶方頭的(de)(de)長柄(bing)手把(ba)來(lai)帶動研(yan)盤運(yun)動。研(yan)盤上有圓柱凸臺或引(yin)導墊片(pian)，以防止在研(yan)磨(mo)過程(cheng)中研(yan)具(ju)局部(bu)離開環(huan)狀密封(feng)面(mian)而造成研(yan)磨(mo)不(bu)勻的(de)(de)現象。圖4-71為閘閥密封(feng)面(mian)的(de)(de)手工(gong)(gong)研(yan)磨(mo)。

  研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)前應(ying)(ying)將研(yan)(yan)具(ju)(ju)工作面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)用(yong)丙酮或汽油(you)擦凈，并去(qu)除閥體密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang)的飛邊、毛(mao)刺，再(zai)在(zai)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang)涂敷一(yi)層研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)劑(ji)。研(yan)(yan)具(ju)(ju)放(fang)入閥體內腔時，要仔細地貼合在(zai)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang)，然后采用(yong)長柄手把使研(yan)(yan)盤做正、反(fan)方向的回(hui)轉運(yun)動。先(xian)順時針(zhen)回(hui)轉180°,再(zai)逆時針(zhen)回(hui)轉90°,如此反(fan)復地進(jin)行。一(yi)般回(hui)轉10余次后研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)劑(ji)中的磨(mo)粒(li)便(bian)已磨(mo)鈍，故應(ying)(ying)該經常抬起研(yan)(yan)盤來(lai)添新的研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)劑(ji)。研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)的壓(ya)力(li)要均(jun)勻，且不(bu)宜過大。粗研(yan)(yan)時壓(ya)力(li)可大些，精研(yan)(yan)時應(ying)(ying)較小。應(ying)(ying)注意不(bu)要因施加(jia)壓(ya)力(li)使研(yan)(yan)具(ju)(ju)局部脫開密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)一(yi)段時間后，要檢(jian)(jian)查工件的平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)度(du)。此時可取(qu)(qu)出研(yan)(yan)具(ju)(ju)，用(yong)丙酮或汽油(you)將密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)擦凈，再(zai)將圓盤形的檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)輕輕放(fang)在(zai)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang)并用(yong)手輕輕旋動，取(qu)(qu)出平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)后就(jiu)可觀察到密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang)出現的接(jie)觸(chu)痕(hen)跡(ji)。當環狀密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang)均(jun)勻地顯示接(jie)觸(chu)痕(hen)跡(ji)，而(er)徑向最小接(jie)觸(chu)寬度(du)與密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)寬度(du)之比（即(ji)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)與檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)的吻合度(du)）達到工藝上(shang)(shang)規定的數值時，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)度(du)就(jiu)可認為(wei)合格(ge)。為(wei)了(le)保證檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)的準確性(xing)，檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)應(ying)(ying)經常檢(jian)(jian)查、修整(zheng)。

②. 閘板、閥瓣平(ping)面密封面的研磨 

  閘板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、閥瓣(ban)和閥座的(de)(de)密封(feng)平面可使(shi)用研磨(mo)(mo)平板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)來手工(gong)(gong)(gong)研磨(mo)(mo)。研磨(mo)(mo)平板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)平面應平整。研磨(mo)(mo)用平板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)分刻槽(cao)平板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)和光滑平板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)兩種，如(ru)圖4-72所示(shi)。研磨(mo)(mo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作前，先用丙酮或汽油將研磨(mo)(mo)平板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)表面擦干(gan)凈，然后在平板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)上均勻、適量(liang)地(di)涂一層研磨(mo)(mo)劑，把需研磨(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)表面貼(tie)合在平板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)上即開始(shi)研磨(mo)(mo)。用手一邊旋(xuan)轉一邊做直線運動，或做“8”字(zi)形運動。由于研磨(mo)(mo)運動方向(xiang)的(de)(de)不斷變(bian)更，使(shi)磨(mo)(mo)粒不斷地(di)在新的(de)(de)方向(xiang)起(qi)磨(mo)(mo)削作用，故可提高研磨(mo)(mo)效率。圖4-73所示(shi)為閥體平面密封(feng)面的(de)(de)手工(gong)(gong)(gong)研磨(mo)(mo)。

  為了避免(mian)研(yan)(yan)磨平(ping)(ping)板(ban)的磨耗(hao)不均，不要總(zong)是在平(ping)(ping)板(ban)的中部研(yan)(yan)磨，應(ying)沿平(ping)(ping)板(ban)的全部表(biao)面(mian)(mian)上不斷變換部位，否則研(yan)(yan)磨平(ping)(ping)板(ban)將(jiang)很快失去(qu)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)精(jing)度。

  閘(zha)板(ban)及(ji)有些閥座呈楔(xie)狀，密(mi)封平面圓(yuan)周上(shang)的(de)質(zhi)量不均，厚(hou)薄(bo)不一致(zhi)，容易產生偏磨(mo)現象，厚(hou)的(de)一頭容易多磨(mo)，薄(bo)的(de)一頭會少磨(mo)。所以，在(zai)研磨(mo)楔(xie)式閘(zha)板(ban)密(mi)封面時(shi)，應(ying)附(fu)加一個平衡(heng)力，使楔(xie)式閘(zha)板(ban)密(mi)封面均勻(yun)磨(mo)削。圖(tu)4-74所示為楔(xie)式閘(zha)板(ban)密(mi)封面的(de)整體研磨(mo)方法(fa)。