在一些檢修部門，習慣用手工來研磨香蕉視頻app下載蘋果版:閥門密封面。手工研磨只使用簡單的研磨工具而不需復雜的研磨設備，但這是一種費力的工作，生產效率很低，研磨質量主要依靠工人的技術水平來保證，因此研磨質量往往不夠穩定。

  手工研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)分為(wei)粗(cu)(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)、精研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)和拋(pao)(pao)光(guang)等(deng)(deng)。粗(cu)(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)是(shi)為(wei)了(le)消除密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擦傷(shang)、壓痕、蝕點(dian)等(deng)(deng)缺陷，提(ti)高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)平(ping)整度(du)(du)(du)(du)和降低(di)粗(cu)(cu)糙度(du)(du)(du)(du)，為(wei)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)精研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)打(da)下基礎。精研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)是(shi)為(wei)了(le)消除密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粗(cu)(cu)紋(wen)路，進一(yi)步提(ti)高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)整度(du)(du)(du)(du)和降低(di)粗(cu)(cu)糙度(du)(du)(du)(du)。拋(pao)(pao)光(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要是(shi)降低(di)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粗(cu)(cu)糙度(du)(du)(du)(du)，一(yi)般用(yong)(yong)于粗(cu)(cu)糙度(du)(du)(du)(du)Ra在(zai)0.2μm以下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。手工研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)不(bu)(bu)管粗(cu)(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)還(huan)是(shi)精研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)，整個(ge)過(guo)(guo)程始終貫(guan)穿提(ti)起、放下、旋轉、往復、輕敲、換向等(deng)(deng)操(cao)作相結(jie)合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)過(guo)(guo)程。其(qi)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)避免磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)粒軌跡重復，使(shi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)得(de)到(dao)均勻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)削，提(ti)高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)整度(du)(du)(du)(du)，降低(di)粗(cu)(cu)糙度(du)(du)(du)(du)。在(zai)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)，要始終貫(guan)穿著檢驗過(guo)(guo)程，其(qi)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)隨時(shi)掌握研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)情況，做到(dao)心(xin)中(zhong)(zhong)有數，使(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)達(da)到(dao)技(ji)術要求。在(zai)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)，清潔工作是(shi)很重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環節，應(ying)(ying)做到(dao)“三(san)不(bu)(bu)落(luo)地”，即(ji)被研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)件不(bu)(bu)落(luo)地、工具(ju)不(bu)(bu)落(luo)地、物(wu)料不(bu)(bu)落(luo)地；“三(san)不(bu)(bu)見(jian)天(tian)”，即(ji)顯(xian)示劑用(yong)(yong)后上(shang)(shang)(shang)蓋(gai)、研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)劑用(yong)(yong)后上(shang)(shang)(shang)蓋(gai)、稀釋劑（液(ye)）用(yong)(yong)后上(shang)(shang)(shang)蓋(gai)；“三(san)干(gan)凈”，即(ji)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)用(yong)(yong)前要抹洗干(gan)凈、密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要清洗干(gan)凈、更換研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)劑時(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)和密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要抹洗干(gan)凈。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)中(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)(ying)注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)(yi)檢查研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)不(bu)(bu)與密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)外(wai)任何疤(ba)點(dian)臺肩相摩擦，使(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)運動(dong)平(ping)穩，保證研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)。經(jing)過(guo)(guo)滲氨、滲硼等(deng)(deng)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)處(chu)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)時(shi)要小心(xin)謹慎，因為(wei)滲透(tou)(tou)層的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬度(du)(du)(du)(du)隨著研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)量(liang)(liang)(liang)增大而(er)明(ming)顯(xian)下降，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)時(shi)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)削量(liang)(liang)(liang)應(ying)(ying)盡量(liang)(liang)(liang)小，最好進行拋(pao)(pao)光(guang)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，至少要精研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)后使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，如達(da)不(bu)(bu)到(dao)要求，就(jiu)將殘存的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滲透(tou)(tou)層磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)掉，重新(xin)滲透(tou)(tou)處(chu)理，恢復原有密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性能。用(yong)(yong)于深冷(leng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)閥門密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要經(jing)過(guo)(guo)深冷(leng)定型處(chu)理后再研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)，否則，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)一(yi)經(jing)深冷(leng)就(jiu)會(hui)變(bian)形。深冷(leng)處(chu)理可在(zai)液(ye)氨中(zhong)(zhong)進行。刀(dao)型密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)一(yi)般寬度(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)0.5~0.8mm,接(jie)近線密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)后，密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)會(hui)變(bian)寬，應(ying)(ying)注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)(yi)恢復刀(dao)型密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)原有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尺寸(cun)，可用(yong)(yong)車削或研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)刀(dao)型密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)兩(liang)斜面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法恢復寬度(du)(du)(du)(du)尺寸(cun)。

  研具使用后(hou)應進行一次(ci)檢查，對平整(zheng)度(du)不高的平面要修理(li)好，并應清洗(xi)干(gan)凈(jing)，保(bao)持完整(zheng)。要分門(men)別類地把(ba)研磨工(gong)具擺放在工(gong)具箱內，以便以后(hou)使用。

  研磨(mo)(mo)分(fen)平面(mian)(mian)密(mi)(mi)封面(mian)(mian)研磨(mo)(mo)、錐形密(mi)(mi)封面(mian)(mian)研磨(mo)(mo)、圓弧密(mi)(mi)封面(mian)(mian)研磨(mo)(mo)、圓柱體密(mi)(mi)封面(mian)(mian)研磨(mo)(mo)等幾種。

①. 閥(fa)體(ti)平面密(mi)封面的(de)研磨 

  閥體(ti)密(mi)封平面(mian)位于閥體(ti)內腔(qiang)，研(yan)磨比較困難。通常使用(yong)帶(dai)方孔的圓(yuan)盤狀研(yan)磨工具(ju)，放在內腔(qiang)的密(mi)封面(mian)上，再用(yong)帶(dai)方頭的長柄手把來帶(dai)動研(yan)盤運動。研(yan)盤上有(you)圓(yuan)柱凸臺或(huo)引導墊片(pian)，以防(fang)止在研(yan)磨過程(cheng)中研(yan)具(ju)局(ju)部離開環狀密(mi)封面(mian)而造成研(yan)磨不勻(yun)的現象(xiang)。圖(tu)4-71為閘閥密(mi)封面(mian)的手工研(yan)磨。

  研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)前應(ying)(ying)將研(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)工(gong)(gong)作面(mian)(mian)(mian)用(yong)(yong)丙(bing)酮或汽油擦凈，并(bing)去(qu)除閥(fa)體密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)飛邊、毛刺，再(zai)在(zai)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)涂敷一(yi)(yi)層研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)劑。研(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)放入閥(fa)體內腔(qiang)時，要(yao)(yao)仔細(xi)地(di)貼合(he)(he)在(zai)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)，然后(hou)采用(yong)(yong)長(chang)柄手把使研(yan)(yan)(yan)盤做正、反(fan)方向的(de)(de)(de)回(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)運動。先順時針(zhen)回(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)180°,再(zai)逆時針(zhen)回(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)90°,如此(ci)反(fan)復地(di)進行。一(yi)(yi)般回(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)10余次后(hou)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)劑中的(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)粒便(bian)已(yi)磨(mo)鈍，故應(ying)(ying)該經(jing)常(chang)抬起(qi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)盤來添新的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)劑。研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)的(de)(de)(de)壓力(li)(li)要(yao)(yao)均勻(yun)，且不宜過大。粗研(yan)(yan)(yan)時壓力(li)(li)可(ke)(ke)(ke)大些，精研(yan)(yan)(yan)時應(ying)(ying)較小(xiao)。應(ying)(ying)注意不要(yao)(yao)因(yin)施加壓力(li)(li)使研(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)局(ju)部脫開密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)。研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)一(yi)(yi)段時間后(hou)，要(yao)(yao)檢(jian)(jian)查工(gong)(gong)件的(de)(de)(de)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)度(du)(du)。此(ci)時可(ke)(ke)(ke)取(qu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)，用(yong)(yong)丙(bing)酮或汽油將密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)擦凈，再(zai)將圓盤形的(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)平(ping)板輕(qing)輕(qing)放在(zai)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)并(bing)用(yong)(yong)手輕(qing)輕(qing)旋動，取(qu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)平(ping)板后(hou)就(jiu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)觀察到密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)接觸(chu)痕(hen)跡。當環狀密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)均勻(yun)地(di)顯(xian)示接觸(chu)痕(hen)跡，而徑向最小(xiao)接觸(chu)寬度(du)(du)與密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)寬度(du)(du)之(zhi)比(bi)（即密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)與檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)平(ping)板的(de)(de)(de)吻合(he)(he)度(du)(du)）達到工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)上(shang)規定的(de)(de)(de)數值時，平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)度(du)(du)就(jiu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)認為合(he)(he)格。為了(le)保證檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)準確性(xing)，檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)平(ping)板應(ying)(ying)經(jing)常(chang)檢(jian)(jian)查、修(xiu)整。

②. 閘(zha)板(ban)、閥瓣(ban)平面(mian)密(mi)封(feng)面(mian)的(de)研磨(mo) 

  閘(zha)板(ban)、閥(fa)瓣和閥(fa)座的(de)密(mi)封平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)可(ke)使(shi)用研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)來手(shou)工(gong)研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)。研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)應平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)整。研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)用平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)分刻槽平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)和光滑平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)兩種，如圖4-72所(suo)示(shi)。研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)工(gong)作前，先用丙酮或汽油(you)將研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)的(de)表面(mian)(mian)擦干(gan)凈，然(ran)后在(zai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)上(shang)均勻、適量地(di)涂一層(ceng)研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)劑，把(ba)需研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)的(de)工(gong)件表面(mian)(mian)貼合在(zai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)上(shang)即開始研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)。用手(shou)一邊(bian)旋轉(zhuan)一邊(bian)做直(zhi)線(xian)運動，或做“8”字形(xing)運動。由(you)于研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)運動方向(xiang)的(de)不斷(duan)變更，使(shi)磨(mo)粒不斷(duan)地(di)在(zai)新的(de)方向(xiang)起(qi)磨(mo)削作用，故可(ke)提高研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)效(xiao)率。圖4-73所(suo)示(shi)為閥(fa)體平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)密(mi)封面(mian)(mian)的(de)手(shou)工(gong)研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)。

  為了避免研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)平板(ban)的(de)磨(mo)(mo)耗不均，不要總是在平板(ban)的(de)中部(bu)研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)，應沿平板(ban)的(de)全(quan)部(bu)表面上不斷變換部(bu)位，否則研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)平板(ban)將很快失去平面精度。

  閘板及(ji)有些閥座呈楔狀，密封平(ping)面(mian)(mian)圓周(zhou)上(shang)的質(zhi)量不均，厚薄不一(yi)(yi)致，容(rong)(rong)易產生(sheng)偏磨(mo)現象，厚的一(yi)(yi)頭容(rong)(rong)易多磨(mo)，薄的一(yi)(yi)頭會少磨(mo)。所以，在研磨(mo)楔式(shi)閘板密封面(mian)(mian)時，應附加一(yi)(yi)個平(ping)衡力，使楔式(shi)閘板密封面(mian)(mian)均勻磨(mo)削。圖(tu)4-74所示為楔式(shi)閘板密封面(mian)(mian)的整體研磨(mo)方法。