在一些檢修部門，習慣用手工來研磨香蕉視頻app下載蘋果版:閥門密封面。手工研磨只使用簡單的研磨工具而不需復雜的研磨設備，但這是一種費力的工作，生產效率很低，研磨質量主要依靠工人的技術水平來保證，因此研磨質量往往不夠穩定。

  手工(gong)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)分(fen)為粗(cu)(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)、精(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)和(he)(he)拋光(guang)等(deng)。粗(cu)(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)是(shi)(shi)為了消(xiao)除密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)上的(de)(de)(de)擦(ca)傷、壓痕、蝕點等(deng)缺陷，提(ti)(ti)高密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)平整度(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)降(jiang)低(di)粗(cu)(cu)糙(cao)度(du)(du)(du)，為密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)精(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)打下(xia)基礎。精(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)是(shi)(shi)為了消(xiao)除密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)上的(de)(de)(de)粗(cu)(cu)紋路，進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步提(ti)(ti)高密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)平整度(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)降(jiang)低(di)粗(cu)(cu)糙(cao)度(du)(du)(du)。拋光(guang)的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)降(jiang)低(di)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)粗(cu)(cu)糙(cao)度(du)(du)(du)，一(yi)般用(yong)(yong)(yong)于粗(cu)(cu)糙(cao)度(du)(du)(du)Ra在(zai)(zai)0.2μm以下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)。手工(gong)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)不(bu)管粗(cu)(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)還是(shi)(shi)精(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)，整個過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)始終(zhong)貫(guan)穿提(ti)(ti)起、放(fang)下(xia)、旋轉、往復(fu)、輕敲、換(huan)(huan)向等(deng)操作(zuo)(zuo)相(xiang)結合的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)。其(qi)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)避免(mian)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)粒軌跡重復(fu)，使密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)得到均勻的(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)削(xue)，提(ti)(ti)高密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)平整度(du)(du)(du)，降(jiang)低(di)粗(cu)(cu)糙(cao)度(du)(du)(du)。在(zai)(zai)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中，要(yao)(yao)(yao)始終(zhong)貫(guan)穿著檢驗過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)，其(qi)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)隨(sui)時(shi)掌握研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)情況，做(zuo)到心中有(you)數，使研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)質(zhi)量達到技術要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。在(zai)(zai)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中，清(qing)潔工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)是(shi)(shi)很(hen)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)環節，應(ying)(ying)做(zuo)到“三(san)不(bu)落(luo)地”，即(ji)被研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)件不(bu)落(luo)地、工(gong)具不(bu)落(luo)地、物(wu)料不(bu)落(luo)地；“三(san)不(bu)見天”，即(ji)顯示劑(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)后(hou)上蓋(gai)、研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)劑(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)后(hou)上蓋(gai)、稀釋劑(ji)（液(ye)）用(yong)(yong)(yong)后(hou)上蓋(gai)；“三(san)干凈(jing)(jing)”，即(ji)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具用(yong)(yong)(yong)前(qian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)抹洗(xi)(xi)(xi)干凈(jing)(jing)、密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)清(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)干凈(jing)(jing)、更換(huan)(huan)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)劑(ji)時(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具和(he)(he)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)抹洗(xi)(xi)(xi)干凈(jing)(jing)。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)中應(ying)(ying)注(zhu)(zhu)意檢查研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具不(bu)與密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)外任何疤點臺肩(jian)相(xiang)摩擦(ca)，使研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具運(yun)動平穩(wen)，保證研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)質(zhi)量。經(jing)過(guo)(guo)滲(shen)(shen)氨(an)、滲(shen)(shen)硼等(deng)表面(mian)(mian)處理的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)時(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)小心謹慎，因為滲(shen)(shen)透(tou)層的(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)度(du)(du)(du)隨(sui)著研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)量增大而(er)明顯下(xia)降(jiang)，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)時(shi)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)削(xue)量應(ying)(ying)盡量小，最(zui)好進(jin)(jin)行(xing)拋光(guang)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)，至少要(yao)(yao)(yao)精(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)后(hou)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)，如(ru)達不(bu)到要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，就(jiu)將(jiang)殘存的(de)(de)(de)滲(shen)(shen)透(tou)層磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)掉(diao)，重新滲(shen)(shen)透(tou)處理，恢復(fu)原有(you)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能。用(yong)(yong)(yong)于深冷的(de)(de)(de)閥門密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)經(jing)過(guo)(guo)深冷定型處理后(hou)再研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)，否則，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)好的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)一(yi)經(jing)深冷就(jiu)會變形。深冷處理可(ke)在(zai)(zai)液(ye)氨(an)中進(jin)(jin)行(xing)。刀型密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)一(yi)般寬度(du)(du)(du)為0.5~0.8mm,接(jie)近(jin)線密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)后(hou)，密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)會變寬，應(ying)(ying)注(zhu)(zhu)意恢復(fu)刀型密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)原有(you)的(de)(de)(de)尺寸(cun)，可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)車(che)削(xue)或研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)刀型密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)兩斜面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)方法恢復(fu)寬度(du)(du)(du)尺寸(cun)。

  研具(ju)使用(yong)后(hou)應(ying)進行(xing)一次檢查，對(dui)平(ping)整(zheng)度不高的平(ping)面(mian)要(yao)修理好，并應(ying)清(qing)洗干凈，保持完整(zheng)。要(yao)分門別類地(di)把研磨(mo)工(gong)具(ju)擺放(fang)在工(gong)具(ju)箱(xiang)內(nei)，以便(bian)以后(hou)使用(yong)。

  研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨分平面(mian)密(mi)封面(mian)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨、錐形密(mi)封面(mian)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨、圓弧密(mi)封面(mian)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨、圓柱體密(mi)封面(mian)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨等幾種(zhong)。

①. 閥(fa)體平(ping)面密封(feng)面的研磨(mo) 

  閥體(ti)密封平面(mian)位(wei)于閥體(ti)內(nei)腔，研(yan)(yan)磨比較(jiao)困難。通(tong)常使(shi)用帶方孔的(de)(de)圓(yuan)盤狀(zhuang)研(yan)(yan)磨工具，放在內(nei)腔的(de)(de)密封面(mian)上(shang)，再用帶方頭(tou)的(de)(de)長柄手把來帶動(dong)研(yan)(yan)盤運動(dong)。研(yan)(yan)盤上(shang)有圓(yuan)柱(zhu)凸臺或(huo)引(yin)導墊(dian)片，以防止在研(yan)(yan)磨過程中研(yan)(yan)具局部(bu)離開環狀(zhuang)密封面(mian)而造成研(yan)(yan)磨不勻的(de)(de)現象。圖(tu)4-71為閘閥密封面(mian)的(de)(de)手工研(yan)(yan)磨。

  研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)前應(ying)將研(yan)(yan)具工(gong)作面(mian)(mian)用(yong)(yong)丙酮或(huo)汽油擦凈，并去除閥體(ti)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)飛邊、毛(mao)刺，再(zai)在(zai)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)涂敷一(yi)層研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)劑。研(yan)(yan)具放入閥體(ti)內腔(qiang)時(shi)(shi)，要仔細地貼合在(zai)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，然后(hou)(hou)采用(yong)(yong)長柄手把使研(yan)(yan)盤(pan)做正、反方向的(de)(de)回轉運動。先順時(shi)(shi)針回轉180°,再(zai)逆時(shi)(shi)針回轉90°,如此(ci)反復地進行。一(yi)般回轉10余次后(hou)(hou)研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)劑中的(de)(de)磨(mo)粒便已(yi)磨(mo)鈍，故應(ying)該經常(chang)抬(tai)起研(yan)(yan)盤(pan)來添(tian)新的(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)劑。研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)的(de)(de)壓(ya)力要均(jun)勻(yun)，且不(bu)宜過大。粗研(yan)(yan)時(shi)(shi)壓(ya)力可大些，精研(yan)(yan)時(shi)(shi)應(ying)較(jiao)小。應(ying)注意(yi)不(bu)要因施加壓(ya)力使研(yan)(yan)具局部脫(tuo)開密(mi)(mi)封(feng)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)。研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)一(yi)段時(shi)(shi)間后(hou)(hou)，要檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)工(gong)件的(de)(de)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)度。此(ci)時(shi)(shi)可取出研(yan)(yan)具，用(yong)(yong)丙酮或(huo)汽油將密(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)擦凈，再(zai)將圓盤(pan)形的(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)平(ping)板輕輕放在(zai)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)并用(yong)(yong)手輕輕旋動，取出平(ping)板后(hou)(hou)就(jiu)可觀察到(dao)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)出現的(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)觸痕跡(ji)。當(dang)環狀密(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)均(jun)勻(yun)地顯示接(jie)(jie)觸痕跡(ji)，而徑向最(zui)小接(jie)(jie)觸寬(kuan)度與(yu)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)寬(kuan)度之比（即密(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)與(yu)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)平(ping)板的(de)(de)吻合度）達到(dao)工(gong)藝上(shang)(shang)(shang)規(gui)定的(de)(de)數值時(shi)(shi)，平(ping)面(mian)(mian)度就(jiu)可認為合格。為了保證(zheng)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)的(de)(de)準(zhun)確性，檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)平(ping)板應(ying)經常(chang)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)、修整。

②. 閘(zha)板、閥瓣平面密封(feng)面的(de)研磨 

  閘板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、閥瓣和(he)閥座的(de)密封平面(mian)(mian)可(ke)使用(yong)(yong)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)平板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)來手工(gong)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)。研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)平板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)平面(mian)(mian)應(ying)平整。研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)用(yong)(yong)平板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)分刻槽平板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)和(he)光滑平板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)兩種(zhong)，如圖(tu)4-72所(suo)示。研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)工(gong)作前，先用(yong)(yong)丙酮或(huo)汽油將研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)平板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)表面(mian)(mian)擦干(gan)凈，然(ran)后(hou)在平板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)上均勻(yun)、適量(liang)地涂一(yi)層(ceng)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)劑，把(ba)需研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)的(de)工(gong)件表面(mian)(mian)貼合在平板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)上即開始(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)。用(yong)(yong)手一(yi)邊旋轉一(yi)邊做直線運(yun)動(dong)，或(huo)做“8”字形運(yun)動(dong)。由于研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)運(yun)動(dong)方向的(de)不(bu)斷(duan)變更，使磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)粒不(bu)斷(duan)地在新的(de)方向起(qi)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)削作用(yong)(yong)，故(gu)可(ke)提(ti)高(gao)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)效(xiao)率。圖(tu)4-73所(suo)示為(wei)閥體平面(mian)(mian)密封面(mian)(mian)的(de)手工(gong)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)。

  為了避免(mian)研磨(mo)平板(ban)的磨(mo)耗不(bu)均，不(bu)要總是在平板(ban)的中部(bu)研磨(mo)，應沿(yan)平板(ban)的全(quan)部(bu)表(biao)面上不(bu)斷變換部(bu)位，否則研磨(mo)平板(ban)將(jiang)很快失去平面精度。

  閘板(ban)(ban)及有些(xie)閥座呈楔狀，密(mi)封平(ping)面圓周上(shang)的(de)質量不均，厚薄不一致，容易產生偏磨現象，厚的(de)一頭(tou)容易多磨，薄的(de)一頭(tou)會少磨。所以，在研磨楔式閘板(ban)(ban)密(mi)封面時，應附加一個平(ping)衡力，使(shi)楔式閘板(ban)(ban)密(mi)封面均勻磨削。圖4-74所示為(wei)楔式閘板(ban)(ban)密(mi)封面的(de)整體研磨方(fang)法。