填料室的修理，包括填料更換和填料函部分的修理。香蕉視頻app下載蘋果版:閥門填料應定期更換，小型閥門只要將繩狀填料按順時針方向順閥桿裝入填料室內，上緊壓蓋螺母即可。大型閥門填料最好采用方形斷面的，也可采用圓形的，壓入前應預先切成圈，接頭必須平整、無空隙、無凸起現象。選用填料時必須考慮使用條件和介質，一般說來，油浸石棉盤根可用于一定溫度的空氣、蒸汽、水和重油產品，橡膠石棉盤根可用于水、蒸汽和石油產品，石墨石棉盤根可用于高溫高壓條件下，尤以夾銅絲的石墨石棉盤根耐壓力更佳，高溫而又溫度多變的介質可用石棉加鉛盤根，強腐蝕介質可用浸聚四氟乙烯石棉盤根或用聚四氟乙烯編織的盤根。
壓緊(jin)填料室的壓蓋時，應使(shi)壓蓋螺栓同(tong)時、對稱地(di)上(shang)緊(jin)，不(bu)(bu)要傾斜，并應留有(you)供壓緊(jin)用的間(jian)隙，如(ru)圖4-64所示。其間(jian)隙量(liang)為：公(gong)(gong)稱尺(chi)寸DN100mm以(yi)下的閥門為20mm;公(gong)(gong)稱尺(chi)寸DN100mm以(yi)上(shang)的閥門為30~40mm.壓蓋壓入(ru)填料室的深度(du)h不(bu)(bu)能小于(yu)填料室高(gao)度(du)的10%,也不(bu)(bu)能大于(yu)20%.
壓(ya)緊(jin)(jin)填(tian)料(liao)時(shi)，應同時(shi)轉(zhuan)動(dong)閥桿，以保(bao)持四周均勻，并防(fang)止壓(ya)得太死(si)。加填(tian)料(liao)除(chu)應保(bao)證密封良好外，尚應保(bao)證閥桿轉(zhuan)動(dong)靈(ling)活。閥門的填(tian)料(liao)室如在工(gong)作時(shi)有輕微泄漏，可將(jiang)閥門關(guan)閉，再緊(jin)(jin)一緊(jin)(jin)填(tian)料(liao)壓(ya)蓋(gai)；如泄漏嚴(yan)重，則應將(jiang)填(tian)料(liao)全部(bu)更換(huan)。
填料的切制方(fang)法(fa)有手(shou)工(gong)。工(gong)具和(he)機械(xie)切制三(san)種(zhong)。
1. 手工切制
目前常用一根盤根填料(liao)作試樣進行單根切(qie)制(zhi)，這樣會使填料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)度(du)或角(jiao)度(du)不(bu)(bu)同。填料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)手工(gong)切(qie)制(zhi)如圖4-65所示，先備(bei)一根與閥桿直徑相等的(de)(de)(de)木(mu)棒(bang)，將(jiang)盤根緊緊纏(chan)繞(rao)在木(mu)棒(bang)上，切(qie)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)度(du)為30°或45°,切(qie)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)刀刃應薄而(er)鋒利，也可用細齒鋸(ju)條(tiao)鋸(ju)割(ge)，用此(ci)方法(fa)切(qie)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)盤根，其角(jiao)度(du)和(he)長(chang)度(du)均能一致，精度(du)和(he)質量都(dou)較好。該方法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)足之處是(shi)需要專(zhuan)用木(mu)棒(bang)，切(qie)割(ge)線為弧形，切(qie)割(ge)不(bu)(bu)方便，切(qie)制(zhi)方法(fa)不(bu)(bu)當時，纏(chan)繞(rao)在木(mu)棒(bang)上的(de)(de)(de)盤根容易(yi)松散。最好采用小鐵釘(ding)固(gu)定，切(qie)制(zhi)時，需一起割(ge)斷。
2. 工具切制
切(qie)盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)工(gong)具(ju)如圖(tu)4-66所示。該工(gong)具(ju)結構簡單，攜(xie)帶(dai)方便(bian)，切(qie)制角(jiao)度(du)(du)和長(chang)度(du)(du)準確，無切(qie)口毛頭(tou)或盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)松散變形(xing)(xing)等缺陷，制作(zuo)(zuo)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)高。切(qie)盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)工(gong)具(ju)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)游(you)標(biao)(biao)尺上(shang)有刻(ke)度(du)(du)，每(mei)格刻(ke)度(du)(du)值為(wei)(wei)(wei)3.14mm,作(zuo)(zuo)測量(liang)(liang)盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)長(chang)度(du)(du)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。游(you)標(biao)(biao)可(ke)在標(biao)(biao)尺上(shang)滑動，上(shang)面有45°或30°的(de)(de)(de)凹(ao)角(jiao)，其頂點(dian)正好在看(kan)窗刻(ke)度(du)(du)上(shang)，看(kan)窗是對刻(ke)度(du)(du)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)，游(you)標(biao)(biao)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)緊(jin)固(gu)螺釘作(zuo)(zuo)固(gu)定游(you)標(biao)(biao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。游(you)標(biao)(biao)尺的(de)(de)(de)截面為(wei)(wei)(wei)L形(xing)(xing)，凸邊起校直盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。刀架外形(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)U形(xing)(xing)，角(jiao)度(du)(du)與游(you)標(biao)(biao)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)度(du)(du)對應相等。緊(jin)固(gu)螺桿和夾(jia)板活(huo)絡連接，作(zuo)(zuo)夾(jia)持盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。
盤(pan)(pan)(pan)根(gen)(gen)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)制(zhi)(zhi)時，按閥(fa)桿直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)與填料寬度之和，在游(you)標(biao)尺上取相對值，再將(jiang)游(you)標(biao)滑動(dong)到(dao)該值上，對準看(kan)窗上的(de)刻度線，并用(yong)緊(jin)固螺釘固定游(you)標(biao)。例如閥(fa)桿直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)為20mm,盤(pan)(pan)(pan)根(gen)(gen)寬度6mm,其和為26mm,對準游(you)標(biao)尺上26格，切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)下的(de)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)根(gen)(gen)長度就(jiu)是所需長度，即(ji)26π=81.68mm.切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)制(zhi)(zhi)時將(jiang)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)根(gen)(gen)夾(jia)(jia)緊(jin)，用(yong)薄(bo)刀沿刀架邊切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)斷。然后將(jiang)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)根(gen)(gen)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)角插(cha)入游(you)標(biao)凹角內對準，盤(pan)(pan)(pan)根(gen)(gen)靠在游(you)標(biao)尺凸邊校直(zhi)(zhi)，用(yong)夾(jia)(jia)板夾(jia)(jia)緊(jin)，再用(yong)薄(bo)刀沿刀架切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)斷盤(pan)(pan)(pan)根(gen)(gen)。
3. 機(ji)械切制
在修理閥門(men)的過程中(zhong)，對非標準的填料(liao)(liao)(liao)或(huo)無(wu)法購(gou)買到的填料(liao)(liao)(liao)，需要(yao)現(xian)制(zhi)現(xian)用。特別是對常(chang)用的V形(xing)(xing)塑料(liao)(liao)(liao)填料(liao)(liao)(liao)，除(chu)用模具注塑成形(xing)(xing)外，還可用車制(zhi)方法。
在車制V形(xing)填料時，應選用有(you)一定精(jing)度(du)的小型車床(chuang)，可采用成形(xing)車刀加(jia)工。應特別注意各型填料中相(xiang)互(hu)配合的尺寸和角度(du)，并應符合粗糙度(du)的要求(qiu)。
另外，填(tian)料(liao)函和填(tian)料(liao)底部的(de)(de)填(tian)料(liao)墊多(duo)半(ban)為金屬(shu)，也需要進行車加工(gong)配(pei)制。選用(yong)(yong)(yong)填(tian)料(liao)時，必須考慮使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)條件(jian)(jian)和介(jie)質，一般說來，油(you)浸(jin)石(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)根(gen)(gen)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)一定(ding)溫(wen)(wen)度的(de)(de)空氣(qi)、蒸(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)、水(shui)和重油(you)產品；橡(xiang)膠石(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)根(gen)(gen)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)水(shui)、蒸(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)和石(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)產品；石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨石(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)根(gen)(gen)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)水(shui)、蒸(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)和石(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)產品；石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨石(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)根(gen)(gen)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)高(gao)壓(ya)條件(jian)(jian)下，尤(you)以夾銅絲的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨石(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)根(gen)(gen)耐壓(ya)力(li)更(geng)佳；高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)而(er)又(you)溫(wen)(wen)度多(duo)變的(de)(de)介(jie)質可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)加鉛盤(pan)(pan)(pan)根(gen)(gen)；強腐蝕介(jie)質可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)浸(jin)聚(ju)四(si)(si)氟乙烯石(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)根(gen)(gen)或(huo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)聚(ju)四(si)(si)氟乙烯編織的(de)(de)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)根(gen)(gen)。
裝填前，無石(shi)墨的石(shi)棉填料應涂(tu)上一(yi)層鱗片(pian)狀石(shi)墨粉，填料袋裝或盒(he)裝，保持(chi)干凈。
石墨、密封(feng)膠(jiao)應分別用盒裝上蓋，不能混入雜物。填料(liao)、石墨、密封(feng)膠(jiao)隨(sui)用隨(sui)取，不得(de)亂丟(diu)。
凡是能在(zai)閥桿上端套人填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)的閥門，都應(ying)盡可(ke)能采取(qu)直接(jie)(jie)(jie)套入(ru)的方(fang)(fang)法裝填(tian)(tian)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)。套入(ru)后(hou)，可(ke)用壓(ya)具或卡(ka)箍(gu)借助(zhu)閥桿轉動壓(ya)緊填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)。對(dui)于(yu)不能直接(jie)(jie)(jie)套入(ru)的填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)，應(ying)切成搭接(jie)(jie)(jie)形(xing)(xing)式，這(zhe)(zhe)種搭接(jie)(jie)(jie)方(fang)(fang)式對(dui)于(yu)O形(xing)(xing)圈和V形(xing)(xing)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)都是絕(jue)對(dui)禁(jin)(jin)止的，必要(yao)時柔性石(shi)墨填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)也(ye)可(ke)采取(qu)搭接(jie)(jie)(jie)的方(fang)(fang)式。圖4-67為搭接(jie)(jie)(jie)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)的裝填(tian)(tian)方(fang)(fang)法，將搭接(jie)(jie)(jie)口上下(xia)錯(cuo)開(kai)，傾斜(xie)后(hou)把填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)套在(zai)閥桿上，然后(hou)上下(xia)復原，使切口吻合，輕輕地嵌入(ru)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函中。圖4-68(b)為錯(cuo)誤(wu)的方(fang)(fang)法，它容(rong)易使填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)，甚至拉裂(lie)，對(dui)于(yu)柔性石(shi)墨填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)，更應(ying)禁(jin)(jin)止這(zhe)(zhe)種錯(cuo)誤(wu)操作。
填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)裝(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)好壞，直(zhi)接影(ying)響閥桿(gan)的(de)(de)密封(feng)，而(er)裝(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)第(di)一(yi)(yi)圈(quan)(quan)（底圈(quan)(quan)）是(shi)(shi)(shi)關鍵(jian)，要(yao)再(zai)認(ren)真仔細地(di)檢查(cha)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函的(de)(de)底部是(shi)(shi)(shi)否平(ping)整，填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)墊是(shi)(shi)(shi)否裝(zhuang)妥，確認(ren)底面平(ping)整無歪斜時(shi)，再(zai)將(jiang)第(di)一(yi)(yi)圈(quan)(quan)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)用(yong)(yong)壓(ya)具輕(qing)輕(qing)地(di)壓(ya)下底面，抽出壓(ya)具；檢查(cha)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否平(ping)整，有無歪斜，搭(da)(da)接吻合是(shi)(shi)(shi)否良好，再(zai)以壓(ya)具將(jiang)第(di)一(yi)(yi)圈(quan)(quan)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)壓(ya)緊(jin)，但用(yong)(yong)力要(yao)適當，不能(neng)(neng)太大。應一(yi)(yi)圈(quan)(quan)一(yi)(yi)圈(quan)(quan)地(di)裝(zhuang)入填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函中(zhong)，并(bing)且(qie)每(mei)裝(zhuang)一(yi)(yi)圈(quan)(quan)就(jiu)壓(ya)緊(jin)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)，并(bing)應在每(mei)層填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)間加少許(xu)銀色(se)石墨粉。不應連裝(zhuang)幾圈(quan)(quan)，一(yi)(yi)次(ci)壓(ya)緊(jin)，更不得使許(xu)多圈(quan)(quan)連成一(yi)(yi)條繞入填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函中(zhong)，這(zhe)種裝(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)法只能(neng)(neng)作(zuo)臨時(shi)試壓(ya)作(zuo)業用(yong)(yong)，不允許(xu)用(yong)(yong)作(zuo)正常運行閥門的(de)(de)密封(feng)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)裝(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)方(fang)式。正確的(de)(de)方(fang)法是(shi)(shi)(shi)將(jiang)各圈(quan)(quan)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)切口(kou)搭(da)(da)接位置，相互(hu)錯(cuo)(cuo)開120°,這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)目前普(pu)遍(bian)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)裝(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)方(fang)法。也(ye)有其他填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)搭(da)(da)口(kou)錯(cuo)(cuo)位方(fang)式，如填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)各圈(quan)(quan)搭(da)(da)口(kou)互(hu)錯(cuo)(cuo)90°,也(ye)有90°和180°交互(hu)錯(cuo)(cuo)開。在裝(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，每(mei)裝(zhuang)1~2圈(quan)(quan)應旋轉一(yi)(yi)下閥桿(gan)，以檢查(cha)閥桿(gan)與填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否卡阻，而(er)影(ying)響閥門的(de)(de)啟閉。
選擇填(tian)(tian)料規格時，嚴禁以小代大，沒(mei)有(you)(you)合適寬度的(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)料時，允許(xu)用(yong)比填(tian)(tian)料函槽寬1~2mm的(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)料，但不允許(xu)用(yong)手錘打扁，而應(ying)(ying)用(yong)平(ping)板或碾子(zi)均勻地壓扁填(tian)(tian)料。壓制后的(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)料，如(ru)發(fa)現(xian)有(you)(you)質量問(wen)題，應(ying)(ying)停止使用(yong)。設有(you)(you)分流環(huan)的(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)料函，應(ying)(ying)事先(xian)測(ce)量好(hao)填(tian)(tian)料函深度和分流環(huan)的(de)(de)位置。分流環(huan)要對準填(tian)(tian)料函的(de)(de)引流管孔，允許(xu)稍(shao)微偏上，不準偏下。
填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函基本(ben)裝(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)滿后(hou)，應以壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)(gai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)緊填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)。操作(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)，兩邊(bian)螺栓(shuan)對稱擰緊，用(yong)力均勻，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)(gai)不得歪斜，以免填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)偏或(huo)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)(gai)接觸閥桿(gan)(gan)，增加閥桿(gan)(gan)摩(mo)擦阻力，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)套(tao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)人填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函內，也可(ke)以一(yi)圈(quan)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)高(gao)度(du)作(zuo)(zuo)為壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)套(tao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)入(ru)的(de)(de)深(shen)度(du)，一(yi)般壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)入(ru)深(shen)度(du)不得小(xiao)于(yu)5mm,并(bing)且(qie)隨時(shi)檢查閥桿(gan)(gan)與壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)(gai)、壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)套(tao)以及填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函三(san)者的(de)(de)間隙要一(yi)致，轉動(dong)閥桿(gan)(gan)時(shi)，受力均勻正常、操作(zuo)(zuo)靈(ling)活、無卡(ka)阻現象。如果手感操作(zuo)(zuo)力矩過大時(shi)，可(ke)適當放松壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)(gai)，減小(xiao)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)對閥門桿(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)摩(mo)擦阻力。
V形(xing)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)和(he)模壓成(cheng)形(xing)的(de)其他(ta)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)，應從閥桿上(shang)(shang)端(duan)慢(man)慢(man)套入，套裝時要注意防(fang)止填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)內圈(quan)被閥桿的(de)螺紋劃(hua)傷。成(cheng)形(xing)V形(xing)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)的(de)下(xia)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)（填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)墊）凸角(jiao)(jiao)向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)，安(an)放(fang)在填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函底(di)面(mian)；中(zhong)(zhong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)凹角(jiao)(jiao)向(xiang)下(xia)，凸角(jiao)(jiao)向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)，安(an)放(fang)于填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)中(zhong)(zhong)部；上(shang)(shang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)凹角(jiao)(jiao)向(xiang)下(xia)，平面(mian)向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)，安(an)放(fang)在填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函的(de)上(shang)(shang)層(ceng)。
填料函一般不需修(xiu)理，但閥(fa)門使用(yong)后若有腐蝕現象或有雜物(wu)黏附，修(xiu)理時要清(qing)理擦拭，用(yong)砂布磨(mo)光，腐蝕嚴重(zhong)，出現麻坑者(zhe)，應在(zai)車床上(shang)車去不平的表面(mian)。
