填料室的修理，包括填料更換和填料函部分的修理。香蕉視頻app下載蘋果版:閥門填料應定期更換，小型閥門只要將繩狀填料按順時針方向順閥桿裝入填料室內，上緊壓蓋螺母即可。大型閥門填料最好采用方形斷面的，也可采用圓形的，壓入前應預先切成圈，接頭必須平整、無空隙、無凸起現象。選用填料時必須考慮使用條件和介質，一般說來，油浸石棉盤根可用于一定溫度的空氣、蒸汽、水和重油產品，橡膠石棉盤根可用于水、蒸汽和石油產品，石墨石棉盤根可用于高溫高壓條件下，尤以夾銅絲的石墨石棉盤根耐壓力更佳，高溫而又溫度多變的介質可用石棉加鉛盤根，強腐蝕介質可用浸聚四氟乙烯石棉盤根或用聚四氟乙烯編織的盤根。
壓(ya)緊填(tian)料(liao)室的(de)壓(ya)蓋時(shi)，應(ying)使壓(ya)蓋螺栓同時(shi)、對稱地(di)上緊，不要傾斜，并應(ying)留有供(gong)壓(ya)緊用的(de)間隙，如圖(tu)4-64所(suo)示。其(qi)間隙量為(wei)：公稱尺寸DN100mm以下的(de)閥門為(wei)20mm;公稱尺寸DN100mm以上的(de)閥門為(wei)30~40mm.壓(ya)蓋壓(ya)入填(tian)料(liao)室的(de)深度h不能小于填(tian)料(liao)室高度的(de)10%,也不能大于20%.
壓緊填料(liao)時(shi)，應(ying)同時(shi)轉動閥(fa)(fa)桿，以保(bao)持(chi)四周均(jun)勻(yun)，并防(fang)止壓得(de)太死。加(jia)填料(liao)除應(ying)保(bao)證密封良好(hao)外，尚應(ying)保(bao)證閥(fa)(fa)桿轉動靈活。閥(fa)(fa)門的填料(liao)室如在工作時(shi)有(you)輕(qing)微泄漏(lou)，可(ke)將(jiang)閥(fa)(fa)門關閉，再緊一緊填料(liao)壓蓋；如泄漏(lou)嚴重，則應(ying)將(jiang)填料(liao)全部更換。
填(tian)料的切(qie)制方法有手工(gong)。工(gong)具和機械(xie)切(qie)制三種(zhong)。
1. 手工切制(zhi)
目前常用(yong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)根盤根填料作試樣進行單根切制，這樣會使填料的(de)(de)(de)(de)長度(du)(du)或(huo)角度(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)同。填料的(de)(de)(de)(de)手工切制如圖4-65所(suo)示(shi)，先備一(yi)(yi)(yi)根與閥桿(gan)直徑相等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)木(mu)棒(bang)，將盤根緊緊纏繞在木(mu)棒(bang)上，切制的(de)(de)(de)(de)角度(du)(du)為30°或(huo)45°,切制的(de)(de)(de)(de)刀刃應(ying)薄而鋒利，也(ye)可用(yong)細齒鋸條鋸割，用(yong)此方(fang)(fang)法切制的(de)(de)(de)(de)盤根，其角度(du)(du)和(he)長度(du)(du)均能一(yi)(yi)(yi)致，精度(du)(du)和(he)質量都較好(hao)。該方(fang)(fang)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)之處是(shi)需要專(zhuan)用(yong)木(mu)棒(bang)，切割線為弧形，切割不(bu)(bu)方(fang)(fang)便(bian)，切制方(fang)(fang)法不(bu)(bu)當時(shi)，纏繞在木(mu)棒(bang)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)盤根容易松散。最好(hao)采用(yong)小(xiao)鐵釘固定，切制時(shi)，需一(yi)(yi)(yi)起割斷。
2. 工(gong)具切制
切(qie)(qie)(qie)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)根(gen)工具如圖4-66所(suo)示。該工具結構簡單，攜帶方便，切(qie)(qie)(qie)制角度和(he)長度準確，無切(qie)(qie)(qie)口毛頭或(huo)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)根(gen)松散變形(xing)等(deng)缺陷，制作質量(liang)高。切(qie)(qie)(qie)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)根(gen)工具上(shang)的游(you)(you)標尺上(shang)有刻(ke)度，每格刻(ke)度值(zhi)為3.14mm,作測量(liang)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)根(gen)長度用(yong)(yong)。游(you)(you)標可在標尺上(shang)滑動，上(shang)面有45°或(huo)30°的凹(ao)角，其(qi)頂點正好(hao)在看窗(chuang)刻(ke)度上(shang)，看窗(chuang)是對刻(ke)度用(yong)(yong)的，游(you)(you)標上(shang)的緊固螺釘(ding)作固定游(you)(you)標用(yong)(yong)。游(you)(you)標尺的截面為L形(xing)，凸邊起校直盤(pan)(pan)(pan)根(gen)的作用(yong)(yong)。刀架外形(xing)為U形(xing)，角度與游(you)(you)標上(shang)的角度對應(ying)相等(deng)。緊固螺桿和(he)夾(jia)板活絡連接(jie)，作夾(jia)持盤(pan)(pan)(pan)根(gen)用(yong)(yong)。
盤(pan)根(gen)切(qie)制時，按閥(fa)桿(gan)直(zhi)徑(jing)與填料寬度(du)(du)之(zhi)和，在(zai)游(you)(you)標(biao)尺上取相對值，再將游(you)(you)標(biao)滑(hua)動到(dao)該值上，對準看窗上的(de)刻(ke)度(du)(du)線，并用(yong)(yong)(yong)緊固(gu)螺(luo)釘固(gu)定游(you)(you)標(biao)。例如閥(fa)桿(gan)直(zhi)徑(jing)為20mm,盤(pan)根(gen)寬度(du)(du)6mm,其和為26mm,對準游(you)(you)標(biao)尺上26格(ge)，切(qie)下的(de)盤(pan)根(gen)長度(du)(du)就是所需長度(du)(du)，即26π=81.68mm.切(qie)制時將盤(pan)根(gen)夾(jia)緊，用(yong)(yong)(yong)薄(bo)刀(dao)沿刀(dao)架(jia)邊切(qie)斷。然后將盤(pan)根(gen)切(qie)角(jiao)插入游(you)(you)標(biao)凹角(jiao)內對準，盤(pan)根(gen)靠在(zai)游(you)(you)標(biao)尺凸邊校直(zhi)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)夾(jia)板(ban)夾(jia)緊，再用(yong)(yong)(yong)薄(bo)刀(dao)沿刀(dao)架(jia)切(qie)斷盤(pan)根(gen)。
3. 機械切制
在(zai)修理閥(fa)門的(de)過程中，對非標準的(de)填(tian)料或無法購(gou)買(mai)到的(de)填(tian)料，需要現(xian)制現(xian)用。特(te)別是對常用的(de)V形塑(su)料填(tian)料，除用模(mo)具注塑(su)成(cheng)形外(wai)，還(huan)可用車制方法。
在車制V形(xing)填料時，應選用(yong)有(you)一(yi)定精度的(de)小(xiao)型(xing)(xing)車床，可采(cai)用(yong)成(cheng)形(xing)車刀(dao)加工(gong)。應特別(bie)注(zhu)意(yi)各型(xing)(xing)填料中相互(hu)配合的(de)尺(chi)寸和角度，并應符合粗糙度的(de)要求。
另外(wai)，填料函和(he)(he)填料底部的(de)填料墊多半為金屬，也(ye)需(xu)要進行車加(jia)工配制(zhi)。選用(yong)(yong)填料時(shi)，必須考慮(lv)使用(yong)(yong)條(tiao)件(jian)和(he)(he)介(jie)質，一般說(shuo)來，油(you)浸石(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)(mian)盤根可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)于一定溫(wen)(wen)度(du)的(de)空(kong)氣、蒸汽、水和(he)(he)重(zhong)油(you)產(chan)品(pin)；橡膠石(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)(mian)盤根可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)于水、蒸汽和(he)(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)產(chan)品(pin)；石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)石(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)(mian)盤根可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)于水、蒸汽和(he)(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)產(chan)品(pin)；石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)石(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)(mian)盤根可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)于高溫(wen)(wen)高壓條(tiao)件(jian)下，尤以(yi)夾銅(tong)絲(si)的(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)石(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)(mian)盤根耐壓力更佳；高溫(wen)(wen)而又溫(wen)(wen)度(du)多變(bian)的(de)介(jie)質可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)(mian)加(jia)鉛盤根；強腐蝕(shi)介(jie)質可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)浸聚四氟(fu)乙(yi)烯石(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)(mian)盤根或用(yong)(yong)聚四氟(fu)乙(yi)烯編(bian)織(zhi)的(de)盤根。
裝(zhuang)填前(qian)，無石(shi)墨(mo)的石(shi)棉填料應涂上(shang)一層鱗片狀石(shi)墨(mo)粉，填料袋(dai)裝(zhuang)或盒裝(zhuang)，保持干(gan)凈。
石墨、密(mi)(mi)封膠應(ying)分別用(yong)盒裝上蓋，不能(neng)混入雜物。填料、石墨、密(mi)(mi)封膠隨用(yong)隨取，不得亂丟(diu)。
凡是能在閥桿(gan)上端套(tao)人填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)閥門，都應盡可能采取(qu)直接套(tao)入(ru)的(de)方(fang)法裝填(tian)(tian)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。套(tao)入(ru)后，可用壓具或卡箍借助(zhu)閥桿(gan)轉(zhuan)動壓緊填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。對(dui)于(yu)不能直接套(tao)入(ru)的(de)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)，應切成搭(da)(da)接形(xing)(xing)式(shi)，這(zhe)種搭(da)(da)接方(fang)式(shi)對(dui)于(yu)O形(xing)(xing)圈(quan)和V形(xing)(xing)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)都是絕(jue)對(dui)禁(jin)止(zhi)的(de)，必要時柔性(xing)石墨(mo)(mo)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)也可采取(qu)搭(da)(da)接的(de)方(fang)式(shi)。圖(tu)4-67為搭(da)(da)接填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)裝填(tian)(tian)方(fang)法，將搭(da)(da)接口上下錯(cuo)(cuo)開，傾(qing)斜后把填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)套(tao)在閥桿(gan)上，然后上下復原，使切口吻合，輕(qing)輕(qing)地嵌入(ru)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)函中。圖(tu)4-68(b)為錯(cuo)(cuo)誤的(de)方(fang)法，它容易使填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)變形(xing)(xing)，甚(shen)至拉裂(lie)，對(dui)于(yu)柔性(xing)石墨(mo)(mo)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)，更應禁(jin)止(zhi)這(zhe)種錯(cuo)(cuo)誤操作。
填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)裝(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)好壞，直接(jie)影響閥(fa)桿的(de)(de)(de)(de)密封，而裝(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)圈(quan)（底(di)(di)圈(quan)）是(shi)關鍵，要(yao)再認(ren)真仔細(xi)地(di)(di)檢查填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)函的(de)(de)(de)(de)底(di)(di)部是(shi)否平整，填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)墊是(shi)否裝(zhuang)妥，確認(ren)底(di)(di)面(mian)平整無歪斜(xie)時(shi)，再將第一(yi)(yi)(yi)圈(quan)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)用(yong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)具輕輕地(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)下底(di)(di)面(mian)，抽出壓(ya)(ya)(ya)具；檢查填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)是(shi)否平整，有無歪斜(xie)，搭(da)接(jie)吻(wen)合是(shi)否良好，再以壓(ya)(ya)(ya)具將第一(yi)(yi)(yi)圈(quan)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)緊，但用(yong)力要(yao)適當(dang)，不能太大。應一(yi)(yi)(yi)圈(quan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)圈(quan)地(di)(di)裝(zhuang)入填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)函中，并且每裝(zhuang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)圈(quan)就(jiu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)緊一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)，并應在(zai)每層(ceng)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)間加(jia)少許(xu)銀色石墨粉。不應連(lian)裝(zhuang)幾圈(quan)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)緊，更不得使(shi)許(xu)多圈(quan)連(lian)成一(yi)(yi)(yi)條(tiao)繞(rao)入填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)函中，這(zhe)種(zhong)裝(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)法只(zhi)能作臨時(shi)試壓(ya)(ya)(ya)作業(ye)用(yong)，不允許(xu)用(yong)作正(zheng)常運行(xing)閥(fa)門的(de)(de)(de)(de)密封填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)裝(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)方式。正(zheng)確的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法是(shi)將各圈(quan)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)切口(kou)搭(da)接(jie)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)，相(xiang)互錯(cuo)開(kai)120°,這(zhe)是(shi)目前(qian)普遍采用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)方法。也有其他填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)搭(da)口(kou)錯(cuo)位(wei)(wei)方式，如填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)各圈(quan)搭(da)口(kou)互錯(cuo)90°,也有90°和180°交互錯(cuo)開(kai)。在(zai)裝(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中，每裝(zhuang)1~2圈(quan)應旋轉一(yi)(yi)(yi)下閥(fa)桿，以檢查閥(fa)桿與填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)是(shi)否卡阻，而影響閥(fa)門的(de)(de)(de)(de)啟(qi)閉。
選擇填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)規(gui)格時，嚴(yan)禁(jin)以小代大，沒有合適(shi)寬(kuan)度(du)的(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)時，允(yun)許(xu)用(yong)比填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)函(han)槽寬(kuan)1~2mm的(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，但不允(yun)許(xu)用(yong)手錘打扁(bian)，而應用(yong)平(ping)板或碾子(zi)均勻(yun)地壓扁(bian)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。壓制后(hou)的(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，如發現有質量問題，應停止使用(yong)。設有分流環(huan)的(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)函(han)，應事先測量好(hao)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)函(han)深度(du)和分流環(huan)的(de)(de)位置。分流環(huan)要對準填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)函(han)的(de)(de)引(yin)流管孔，允(yun)許(xu)稍(shao)微偏(pian)(pian)上(shang)，不準偏(pian)(pian)下。
填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函(han)基本裝填(tian)(tian)滿后，應(ying)以壓(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)緊(jin)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)。操(cao)作時(shi)(shi)，兩邊螺栓對(dui)稱擰(ning)緊(jin)，用(yong)力(li)均勻(yun)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)不得歪斜(xie)，以免填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)偏或壓(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)接觸閥(fa)桿(gan)，增加閥(fa)桿(gan)摩擦阻力(li)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)套(tao)(tao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)人填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函(han)內，也可以一(yi)圈填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)的(de)高度作為(wei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)套(tao)(tao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)入(ru)的(de)深度，一(yi)般壓(ya)(ya)(ya)入(ru)深度不得小于5mm,并(bing)且隨時(shi)(shi)檢查閥(fa)桿(gan)與壓(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)、壓(ya)(ya)(ya)套(tao)(tao)以及(ji)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函(han)三(san)者的(de)間隙(xi)要一(yi)致，轉動閥(fa)桿(gan)時(shi)(shi)，受力(li)均勻(yun)正常、操(cao)作靈活、無卡(ka)阻現象(xiang)。如果手(shou)感操(cao)作力(li)矩過大時(shi)(shi)，可適當放松壓(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)，減(jian)小填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)對(dui)閥(fa)門桿(gan)的(de)摩擦阻力(li)。
V形(xing)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)和模壓成形(xing)的其他(ta)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)，應從閥桿上(shang)端(duan)慢(man)慢(man)套入(ru)，套裝時(shi)要注意(yi)防止填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)內圈(quan)被閥桿的螺紋劃傷。成形(xing)V形(xing)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的下填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)（填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)墊）凸角向上(shang)，安(an)放在(zai)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)函底(di)面；中(zhong)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)凹角向下，凸角向上(shang)，安(an)放于填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)中(zhong)部；上(shang)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)凹角向下，平面向上(shang)，安(an)放在(zai)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)函的上(shang)層。
填料函一般不(bu)需修(xiu)(xiu)理(li)，但閥門使用(yong)后若(ruo)有(you)腐蝕(shi)現象(xiang)或(huo)有(you)雜物(wu)黏附，修(xiu)(xiu)理(li)時要清(qing)理(li)擦拭，用(yong)砂布磨光，腐蝕(shi)嚴重，出(chu)現麻坑者，應(ying)在車床上(shang)車去不(bu)平的表面(mian)。
