填料室的修理，包括填料更換和填料函部分的修理。香蕉視頻app下載蘋果版:閥門填料應定期更換，小型閥門只要將繩狀填料按順時針方向順閥桿裝入填料室內，上緊壓蓋螺母即可。大型閥門填料最好采用方形斷面的，也可采用圓形的，壓入前應預先切成圈，接頭必須平整、無空隙、無凸起現象。選用填料時必須考慮使用條件和介質，一般說來，油浸石棉盤根可用于一定溫度的空氣、蒸汽、水和重油產品，橡膠石棉盤根可用于水、蒸汽和石油產品，石墨石棉盤根可用于高溫高壓條件下，尤以夾銅絲的石墨石棉盤根耐壓力更佳，高溫而又溫度多變的介質可用石棉加鉛盤根，強腐蝕介質可用浸聚四氟乙烯石棉盤根或用聚四氟乙烯編織的盤根。
壓(ya)緊(jin)填(tian)料室(shi)的壓(ya)蓋(gai)時(shi)，應使壓(ya)蓋(gai)螺(luo)栓同(tong)時(shi)、對(dui)稱地上緊(jin)，不要傾斜，并應留有供壓(ya)緊(jin)用的間隙，如圖4-64所示(shi)。其間隙量(liang)為(wei)：公(gong)稱尺(chi)寸(cun)DN100mm以下的閥門(men)為(wei)20mm;公(gong)稱尺(chi)寸(cun)DN100mm以上的閥門(men)為(wei)30~40mm.壓(ya)蓋(gai)壓(ya)入填(tian)料室(shi)的深度h不能小(xiao)于填(tian)料室(shi)高度的10%,也不能大于20%.
壓(ya)緊(jin)填(tian)料時(shi)，應同時(shi)轉(zhuan)動閥(fa)桿，以保(bao)持四周均勻，并防(fang)止壓(ya)得太死。加填(tian)料除(chu)應保(bao)證(zheng)密封良好外，尚應保(bao)證(zheng)閥(fa)桿轉(zhuan)動靈活。閥(fa)門的填(tian)料室如在工作(zuo)時(shi)有輕微(wei)泄漏(lou)，可將(jiang)(jiang)閥(fa)門關閉，再(zai)緊(jin)一(yi)緊(jin)填(tian)料壓(ya)蓋；如泄漏(lou)嚴重，則(ze)應將(jiang)(jiang)填(tian)料全(quan)部更換(huan)。
填料的切(qie)制(zhi)方(fang)法有手工(gong)。工(gong)具和機械切(qie)制(zhi)三種(zhong)。
1. 手工切(qie)制
目(mu)前常(chang)用一根(gen)(gen)盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)填(tian)(tian)料作試樣進行單根(gen)(gen)切(qie)制(zhi)，這樣會使填(tian)(tian)料的(de)(de)長度或角(jiao)度不同。填(tian)(tian)料的(de)(de)手工切(qie)制(zhi)如圖4-65所(suo)示(shi)，先備(bei)一根(gen)(gen)與閥桿直徑相等的(de)(de)木(mu)(mu)棒(bang)，將(jiang)盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)緊緊纏繞(rao)在木(mu)(mu)棒(bang)上，切(qie)制(zhi)的(de)(de)角(jiao)度為30°或45°,切(qie)制(zhi)的(de)(de)刀刃應薄而鋒利，也可用細齒(chi)鋸條鋸割(ge)(ge)，用此方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)切(qie)制(zhi)的(de)(de)盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)，其角(jiao)度和長度均能一致，精度和質量都較好。該(gai)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)不足之(zhi)處是需要(yao)專用木(mu)(mu)棒(bang)，切(qie)割(ge)(ge)線為弧形(xing)，切(qie)割(ge)(ge)不方(fang)(fang)便，切(qie)制(zhi)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)不當時，纏繞(rao)在木(mu)(mu)棒(bang)上的(de)(de)盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)容易松散。最(zui)好采用小(xiao)鐵釘(ding)固定(ding)，切(qie)制(zhi)時，需一起割(ge)(ge)斷。
2. 工具切制
切盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)工(gong)具如圖4-66所示。該工(gong)具結構簡單，攜帶方便，切制(zhi)角度(du)(du)和長度(du)(du)準確，無切口(kou)毛頭(tou)或盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)松散變(bian)形(xing)等缺陷，制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)質量高(gao)。切盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)工(gong)具上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)游(you)(you)(you)標尺上(shang)(shang)(shang)有(you)刻度(du)(du)，每格刻度(du)(du)值為3.14mm,作(zuo)(zuo)測量盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)長度(du)(du)用(yong)(yong)。游(you)(you)(you)標可在(zai)標尺上(shang)(shang)(shang)滑動，上(shang)(shang)(shang)面有(you)45°或30°的(de)(de)凹角，其頂(ding)點正好在(zai)看(kan)窗刻度(du)(du)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，看(kan)窗是對刻度(du)(du)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)，游(you)(you)(you)標上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)緊(jin)固螺釘作(zuo)(zuo)固定游(you)(you)(you)標用(yong)(yong)。游(you)(you)(you)標尺的(de)(de)截面為L形(xing)，凸邊起校直盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。刀(dao)架外(wai)形(xing)為U形(xing)，角度(du)(du)與游(you)(you)(you)標上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)角度(du)(du)對應相(xiang)等。緊(jin)固螺桿和夾(jia)(jia)板(ban)活絡連接，作(zuo)(zuo)夾(jia)(jia)持盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)用(yong)(yong)。
盤(pan)根(gen)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)制時，按閥桿直徑與(yu)填料寬度(du)之和，在游標尺(chi)上(shang)取相對(dui)值，再(zai)(zai)將游標滑動(dong)到該值上(shang)，對(dui)準(zhun)(zhun)看窗上(shang)的刻度(du)線，并用緊固(gu)螺釘固(gu)定(ding)游標。例(li)如閥桿直徑為20mm,盤(pan)根(gen)寬度(du)6mm,其和為26mm,對(dui)準(zhun)(zhun)游標尺(chi)上(shang)26格(ge)，切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)下的盤(pan)根(gen)長度(du)就是所需長度(du)，即26π=81.68mm.切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)制時將盤(pan)根(gen)夾(jia)緊，用薄刀(dao)沿刀(dao)架(jia)(jia)邊切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)斷。然后將盤(pan)根(gen)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)角(jiao)插入游標凹角(jiao)內對(dui)準(zhun)(zhun)，盤(pan)根(gen)靠在游標尺(chi)凸邊校直，用夾(jia)板夾(jia)緊，再(zai)(zai)用薄刀(dao)沿刀(dao)架(jia)(jia)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)斷盤(pan)根(gen)。
3. 機械切制
在修理(li)閥門的(de)過程中，對(dui)非標準(zhun)的(de)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)或無法(fa)購(gou)買到的(de)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)，需(xu)要現制現用(yong)(yong)。特(te)別是對(dui)常用(yong)(yong)的(de)V形塑(su)料(liao)(liao)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)，除用(yong)(yong)模具(ju)注塑(su)成形外，還可用(yong)(yong)車制方法(fa)。
在車(che)制V形填料(liao)時，應(ying)選用(yong)(yong)有一(yi)定(ding)精度(du)的小型車(che)床，可采(cai)用(yong)(yong)成形車(che)刀加工。應(ying)特別注(zhu)意各型填料(liao)中相互(hu)配合的尺寸和角度(du)，并應(ying)符合粗糙度(du)的要求(qiu)。
另外，填(tian)料(liao)函(han)和填(tian)料(liao)底部的填(tian)料(liao)墊多半(ban)為金屬，也需要進行車加(jia)工配制。選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)填(tian)料(liao)時(shi)，必須考慮使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)條(tiao)件和介(jie)質(zhi)，一般(ban)說來，油浸(jin)石棉(mian)盤根(gen)(gen)(gen)可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)一定(ding)溫(wen)度的空氣、蒸汽(qi)(qi)、水和重油產(chan)品(pin)；橡膠石棉(mian)盤根(gen)(gen)(gen)可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)水、蒸汽(qi)(qi)和石油產(chan)品(pin)；石墨石棉(mian)盤根(gen)(gen)(gen)可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)水、蒸汽(qi)(qi)和石油產(chan)品(pin)；石墨石棉(mian)盤根(gen)(gen)(gen)可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)高溫(wen)高壓條(tiao)件下(xia)，尤以(yi)夾銅絲的石墨石棉(mian)盤根(gen)(gen)(gen)耐壓力更佳；高溫(wen)而又溫(wen)度多變的介(jie)質(zhi)可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)石棉(mian)加(jia)鉛盤根(gen)(gen)(gen)；強腐(fu)蝕介(jie)質(zhi)可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)浸(jin)聚(ju)(ju)四(si)(si)氟(fu)乙(yi)烯石棉(mian)盤根(gen)(gen)(gen)或用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)聚(ju)(ju)四(si)(si)氟(fu)乙(yi)烯編(bian)織(zhi)的盤根(gen)(gen)(gen)。
裝(zhuang)填前，無石(shi)墨(mo)的石(shi)棉填料應涂上一層鱗片狀(zhuang)石(shi)墨(mo)粉，填料袋裝(zhuang)或盒裝(zhuang)，保持(chi)干凈。
石墨、密封(feng)(feng)膠應(ying)分別(bie)用(yong)盒裝上蓋(gai)，不能(neng)混(hun)入(ru)雜物。填料、石墨、密封(feng)(feng)膠隨(sui)用(yong)隨(sui)取，不得(de)亂丟。
凡是能(neng)(neng)在(zai)閥(fa)桿(gan)上端套人填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)閥(fa)門，都應盡可能(neng)(neng)采取(qu)直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)套入(ru)的(de)方(fang)法(fa)裝填(tian)(tian)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。套入(ru)后(hou)，可用壓(ya)具或卡箍借(jie)助閥(fa)桿(gan)轉(zhuan)動壓(ya)緊(jin)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)不能(neng)(neng)直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)套入(ru)的(de)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)，應切成(cheng)搭(da)(da)接(jie)(jie)(jie)形式，這種搭(da)(da)接(jie)(jie)(jie)方(fang)式對(dui)(dui)于(yu)O形圈和V形填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)都是絕對(dui)(dui)禁止的(de)，必要時柔性石墨(mo)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)也可采取(qu)搭(da)(da)接(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)方(fang)式。圖(tu)4-67為(wei)(wei)搭(da)(da)接(jie)(jie)(jie)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)裝填(tian)(tian)方(fang)法(fa)，將搭(da)(da)接(jie)(jie)(jie)口(kou)上下錯(cuo)開，傾斜后(hou)把填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)套在(zai)閥(fa)桿(gan)上，然后(hou)上下復原，使切口(kou)吻(wen)合，輕輕地嵌入(ru)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)函中。圖(tu)4-68(b)為(wei)(wei)錯(cuo)誤的(de)方(fang)法(fa)，它容易使填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)變形，甚至拉裂，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)柔性石墨(mo)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)，更(geng)應禁止這種錯(cuo)誤操作。
填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)質量的(de)(de)好壞，直接影(ying)(ying)響閥(fa)桿的(de)(de)密封，而(er)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)（底(di)(di)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)）是(shi)關鍵，要再(zai)認(ren)真仔細地(di)檢查(cha)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函(han)的(de)(de)底(di)(di)部是(shi)否(fou)平(ping)整(zheng)(zheng)，填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)墊是(shi)否(fou)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)妥，確(que)認(ren)底(di)(di)面(mian)平(ping)整(zheng)(zheng)無(wu)歪斜時，再(zai)將(jiang)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壓(ya)(ya)具(ju)輕(qing)輕(qing)地(di)壓(ya)(ya)下(xia)底(di)(di)面(mian)，抽出壓(ya)(ya)具(ju)；檢查(cha)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)是(shi)否(fou)平(ping)整(zheng)(zheng)，有無(wu)歪斜，搭(da)接吻合是(shi)否(fou)良好，再(zai)以壓(ya)(ya)具(ju)將(jiang)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)壓(ya)(ya)緊，但用(yong)(yong)(yong)力要適當，不(bu)(bu)能太大。應(ying)一(yi)(yi)(yi)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)地(di)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)入填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函(han)中(zhong)，并且每(mei)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)就(jiu)壓(ya)(ya)緊一(yi)(yi)(yi)次，并應(ying)在每(mei)層填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)間加少(shao)許銀色石墨粉。不(bu)(bu)應(ying)連(lian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)幾圈(quan)(quan)(quan)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)次壓(ya)(ya)緊，更不(bu)(bu)得使許多圈(quan)(quan)(quan)連(lian)成一(yi)(yi)(yi)條繞入填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函(han)中(zhong)，這(zhe)種裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)法只能作臨(lin)時試(shi)壓(ya)(ya)作業用(yong)(yong)(yong)，不(bu)(bu)允許用(yong)(yong)(yong)作正常(chang)運行閥(fa)門的(de)(de)密封填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)方(fang)式(shi)。正確(que)的(de)(de)方(fang)法是(shi)將(jiang)各(ge)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)切(qie)口搭(da)接位(wei)置，相互(hu)(hu)錯開(kai)120°,這(zhe)是(shi)目前(qian)普遍采用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)方(fang)法。也有其他填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)搭(da)口錯位(wei)方(fang)式(shi)，如(ru)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)各(ge)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)搭(da)口互(hu)(hu)錯90°,也有90°和180°交互(hu)(hu)錯開(kai)。在裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，每(mei)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)1~2圈(quan)(quan)(quan)應(ying)旋轉一(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)閥(fa)桿，以檢查(cha)閥(fa)桿與(yu)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)是(shi)否(fou)卡阻，而(er)影(ying)(ying)響閥(fa)門的(de)(de)啟閉。
選擇填(tian)料(liao)(liao)規格時(shi)，嚴禁以(yi)小代(dai)大，沒有(you)合適(shi)寬度的(de)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)時(shi)，允許(xu)用(yong)(yong)比填(tian)料(liao)(liao)函槽寬1~2mm的(de)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)，但不(bu)允許(xu)用(yong)(yong)手錘打(da)扁，而應用(yong)(yong)平板(ban)或碾子均勻地壓(ya)扁填(tian)料(liao)(liao)。壓(ya)制后的(de)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)，如發現有(you)質量問題，應停止使用(yong)(yong)。設(she)有(you)分(fen)流(liu)(liu)環(huan)的(de)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)函，應事(shi)先測量好(hao)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)函深(shen)度和分(fen)流(liu)(liu)環(huan)的(de)位置。分(fen)流(liu)(liu)環(huan)要對準填(tian)料(liao)(liao)函的(de)引(yin)流(liu)(liu)管孔，允許(xu)稍微偏上，不(bu)準偏下(xia)。
填(tian)料(liao)函基本(ben)裝填(tian)滿(man)后(hou)，應以(yi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋壓(ya)(ya)(ya)緊填(tian)料(liao)。操作時(shi)(shi)，兩邊螺(luo)栓對稱(cheng)擰緊，用力均勻(yun)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋不得歪斜(xie)，以(yi)免填(tian)料(liao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)偏或壓(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋接觸(chu)閥(fa)(fa)桿(gan)(gan)，增加閥(fa)(fa)桿(gan)(gan)摩(mo)擦阻(zu)力，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)套壓(ya)(ya)(ya)人填(tian)料(liao)函內，也可以(yi)一圈填(tian)料(liao)的(de)高度作為壓(ya)(ya)(ya)套壓(ya)(ya)(ya)入的(de)深度，一般壓(ya)(ya)(ya)入深度不得小于5mm,并且隨時(shi)(shi)檢查閥(fa)(fa)桿(gan)(gan)與(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋、壓(ya)(ya)(ya)套以(yi)及填(tian)料(liao)函三者的(de)間隙要一致，轉動(dong)閥(fa)(fa)桿(gan)(gan)時(shi)(shi)，受(shou)力均勻(yun)正常、操作靈活、無(wu)卡阻(zu)現(xian)象。如果手感操作力矩過大時(shi)(shi)，可適當(dang)放松壓(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋，減小填(tian)料(liao)對閥(fa)(fa)門(men)桿(gan)(gan)的(de)摩(mo)擦阻(zu)力。
V形填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料和模壓成形的(de)其(qi)他填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料，應從閥桿上端慢(man)慢(man)套入，套裝時要注意防(fang)止填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料內圈被(bei)閥桿的(de)螺(luo)紋劃傷。成形V形填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料的(de)下(xia)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料（填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料墊）凸角(jiao)向上，安(an)(an)放(fang)在填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料函底(di)面；中(zhong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料凹角(jiao)向下(xia)，凸角(jiao)向上，安(an)(an)放(fang)于填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料中(zhong)部；上填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料凹角(jiao)向下(xia)，平面向上，安(an)(an)放(fang)在填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料函的(de)上層。
填料函(han)一般不需修理，但閥門(men)使(shi)用(yong)后若有(you)腐(fu)蝕現象(xiang)或有(you)雜(za)物黏附，修理時要清(qing)理擦拭(shi)，用(yong)砂布磨光(guang)，腐(fu)蝕嚴重，出(chu)現麻坑者，應在車床上(shang)車去(qu)不平的表面(mian)。
