頂壓(ya)粘(zhan)(zhan)接法的(de)(de)基本(ben)原(yuan)理是：在(zai)大于泄(xie)漏(lou)介(jie)質壓(ya)力的(de)(de)人為外(wai)力作用(yong)下，首先(xian)迫使泄(xie)漏(lou)止(zhi)住(zhu)，再利用(yong)膠黏(nian)劑的(de)(de)特性(xing)對泄(xie)漏(lou)部位進行粘(zhan)(zhan)接，待膠黏(nian)劑固化后，撤出外(wai)力，達(da)到重(zhong)新密(mi)封的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。頂壓(ya)粘(zhan)(zhan)接法的(de)(de)關鍵是頂壓(ya)工具(ju)。


1. 管道法蘭泄漏頂壓工具及操作方法


當香蕉視頻app下載蘋果版:不銹鋼法蘭發生點狀泄漏時，采用頂壓粘接法處理過程如下。首先把法蘭頂壓工具固定在泄漏法蘭上，準備好一段石棉盤根，將這段石棉盤根在事先調配好的環氧樹脂膠液中浸透一下，如果泄漏介質能使環氧樹脂溶解，則選擇其他不被泄漏介質所溶解的膠黏劑膠液或修補劑，正對著泄漏處將這段浸膠盤根壓入不銹鋼法蘭連接間隙內（當泄漏量較大或泄漏介質有較強的溶解性、腐蝕性，盤根難以放入時，可以改用鉛條），用錘子將浸膠盤根打入法蘭間隙內，迅速將頂塊4裝好，如圖6-29所示，然后把頂壓螺桿3對準頂塊4的定位圓孔，旋轉頂壓螺桿3,這時通過頂壓螺桿3及頂塊4,就會把浸膠石棉盤根緊緊地壓到泄漏點處，迫使泄漏停止。泄漏一旦止住，就可以對泄漏法蘭按粘接技術的要求進行必要的處理，主要是清除影響粘接效果的油污、疏松的鐵銹及進行脫脂處理，再用事先配制好的膠黏劑膠泥填塞滿頂塊4的周圍，待膠黏劑膠泥完全固化后，撤除頂壓工具。法蘭泄漏的頂壓工具有多種形式。圖6-30所示為雙螺桿定位緊固式，前端有一圓形鋼塊，當螺桿旋轉時，它只做軸向移動而無轉動，這樣它就能很好地把頂壓工具固定在泄漏法蘭上，用兩個這樣的螺桿可以調整頂壓螺桿3的位置，使它能準確地對正泄漏法蘭的間隙處，頂壓螺桿 3 主要作用是把螺旋力通過頂壓塊5及浸膠石棉盤根轉化為止住泄漏的外力，迫使泄漏停止。


圖 29.jpg


 2. 管道泄漏頂壓(ya)工具及操(cao)作方法


 ①. U形管道頂壓工(gong)具(ju) 


  這種頂壓工具如圖6-31所示。它主要由三大部分組成：U形螺栓、支承板、頂壓螺桿。現場操作時，首先將U形頂壓工具安裝在無泄漏的香蕉視頻app下載蘋果版:不銹鋼管段上，調整好各部位置，然后向泄漏點方向移動，并使頂壓螺桿的軸線對準泄漏缺陷，迅速旋轉頂壓螺桿，使其前端的鋁鉚釘牢牢地壓在泄漏點上，迫使泄漏停止。泄漏一旦止住，既可處理需要粘接的金屬部位，并用事先配制好的膠黏劑膠泥把鋁鉚釘或軟性填料粘于泄漏部位上，待膠黏劑充分固化后，就可以拆除頂壓工具，鋸掉長出的鋁鉚釘，完成作業。


圖 31.jpg


 ②. 粘接式(shi)頂壓工具 


  這種(zhong)(zhong)頂(ding)壓(ya)工具(ju)必須(xu)先采用快速(su)固(gu)(gu)化的膠黏劑將其粘(zhan)(zhan)接(jie)在(zai)泄(xie)漏缺陷(xian)上(shang)(shang)，然(ran)后消除泄(xie)漏。它的基本(ben)形式(shi)(shi)如圖(tu)6-32所示(shi)，由支(zhi)(zhi)承架及頂(ding)壓(ya)螺桿(gan)組(zu)成(cheng)。帶壓(ya)修(xiu)補作(zuo)業前，首先把泄(xie)漏周圍，特別是粘(zhan)(zhan)接(jie)固(gu)(gu)定頂(ding)壓(ya)工具(ju)的位置，按粘(zhan)(zhan)接(jie)技術的要求(qiu)認真處理好，然(ran)后觀察頂(ding)壓(ya)工具(ju)的兩個支(zhi)(zhi)腳(jiao)與泄(xie)漏部位的吻合情況。如果兩者間隙相差太大，則應(ying)調(diao)整(zheng)一下，同(tong)時(shi)使頂(ding)壓(ya)螺桿(gan)的軸線通過泄(xie)漏缺陷(xian)的中心，并在(zai)腳(jiao)上(shang)(shang)做標(biao)記，這時(shi)就(jiu)可以粘(zhan)(zhan)接(jie)固(gu)(gu)定頂(ding)壓(ya)工具(ju)了(le)。頂(ding)壓(ya)工具(ju)在(zai)不銹鋼管道上(shang)(shang)的粘(zhan)(zhan)接(jie)形式(shi)(shi)有兩種(zhong)(zhong)，一種(zhong)(zhong)是軸向粘(zhan)(zhan)接(jie)式(shi)(shi)，另一種(zhong)(zhong)是環向粘(zhan)(zhan)接(jie)式(shi)(shi)。


 ③. 三通焊道專用頂(ding)壓工(gong)具 


  三通焊道專用頂(ding)(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)工具基本結構如圖(tu)6-33所示(shi)(shi)。它由固定(ding)部分及頂(ding)(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)螺桿(gan)(gan)兩部分組成、作(zuo)業時，根據泄(xie)漏(lou)量(liang)的(de)(de)大小，選擇好頂(ding)(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)螺桿(gan)(gan)、然(ran)后把兩半的(de)(de)鐵(tie)箍螺栓連(lian)接(jie)固定(ding)在泄(xie)漏(lou)法蘭上、通過(guo)扳(ban)動(dong)手(shou)柄，使頂(ding)(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)螺桿(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)軸(zhou)線正(zheng)好通過(guo)泄(xie)漏(lou)缺陷的(de)(de)中(zhong)心，然(ran)后把連(lian)接(jie)螺栓擰禁(jin)，如圖(tu)6-34所示(shi)(shi)。對(dui)于間斷性(xing)泄(xie)漏(lou)或連(lian)續(xu)滴狀泄(xie)漏(lou)，應配合(he)軟性(xing)填(tian)料進(jin)行帶(dai)(dai)壓(ya)(ya)密(mi)封作(zuo)業：對(dui)于噴射狀泄(xie)漏(lou)，則應配合(he)鋁(lv)鉚釘進(jin)行帶(dai)(dai)壓(ya)(ya)密(mi)封作(zuo)業。


圖 33.jpg


 ④. 多(duo)功能頂壓工(gong)具 


 多(duo)(duo)功能頂(ding)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)根據常見泄(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)部(bu)(bu)(bu)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)情況，綜合各類頂(ding)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)特點而(er)設計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)小巧(qiao)玲瓏、通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)性(xing)強的(de)(de)(de)帶壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)修補作業專用(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。圖(tu)6-35所(suo)示(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這種(zhong)頂(ding)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)安(an)裝(zhuang)在(zai)不銹鋼(gang)(gang)法蘭上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)情況，圖(tu)6-36所(suo)示(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這種(zhong)頂(ding)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)安(an)裝(zhuang)在(zai)管(guan)道上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)情況，從(cong)圖(tu)中可以(yi)(yi)(yi)看出，多(duo)(duo)功能頂(ding)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)曲四大部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)組成，第一部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)頂(ding)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)止漏(lou)(lou)(lou)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)，包括鋁鉚釘(ding)(ding)1、頂(ding)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)螺(luo)桿(gan)(gan)2、定(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)螺(luo)桿(gan)(gan)4、轉向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)塊5、內六(liu)角螺(luo)桿(gan)(gan)6、螺(luo)釘(ding)(ding)7、換向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)接(jie)頭(tou)(tou)8、轉向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)頭(tou)(tou)9.第二部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)前(qian)卡(ka)(ka)腳(jiao)，前(qian)卡(ka)(ka)腳(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，它(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)端(duan)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)安(an)裝(zhuang)換向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)接(jie)頭(tou)(tou)，也(ye)(ye)(ye)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)直(zhi)接(jie)安(an)裝(zhuang)轉向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)9,轉向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)頭(tou)(tou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)可直(zhi)接(jie)按要求安(an)裝(zhuang)在(zai)旁邊的(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)內，并(bing)把螺(luo)釘(ding)(ding)3拆下(xia)，擰(ning)入它(ta)(ta)下(xia)端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)螺(luo)紋孔(kong)內起(qi)固(gu)(gu)(gu)定(ding)(ding)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)，前(qian)卡(ka)(ka)腳(jiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)及(ji)后卡(ka)(ka)腳(jiao)，使(shi)整套頂(ding)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)固(gu)(gu)(gu)定(ding)(ding)在(zai)泄(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)管(guan)道上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)構件。它(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)端(duan)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)攀纏鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，也(ye)(ye)(ye)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)固(gu)(gu)(gu)定(ding)(ding)在(zai)泄(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)法蘭上(shang)(shang)(shang)，并(bing)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內六(liu)角螺(luo)釘(ding)(ding)11、緊(jin)(jin)(jin)固(gu)(gu)(gu)螺(luo)桿(gan)(gan)15使(shi)前(qian)后卡(ka)(ka)腳(jiao)連為一體。第三部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)卡(ka)(ka)腳(jiao)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)，它(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)使(shi)整套頂(ding)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)固(gu)(gu)(gu)定(ding)(ding)在(zai)泄(xie)握部(bu)(bu)(bu)位(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，它(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)端(duan)有兩個7mm的(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)孔(kong)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)穿過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，并(bing)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)擰(ning)緊(jin)(jin)(jin)螺(luo)釘(ding)(ding)12使(shi)鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)固(gu)(gu)(gu)定(ding)(ding)在(zai)前(qian)卡(ka)(ka)腳(jiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，前(qian)卡(ka)(ka)腳(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)中部(bu)(bu)(bu)為一個17mm的(de)(de)(de)圓(yuan)孔(kong)，緊(jin)(jin)(jin)固(gu)(gu)(gu)螺(luo)桿(gan)(gan)15從(cong)此孔(kong)穿過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，并(bing)可通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)旋(xuan)轉緊(jin)(jin)(jin)固(gu)(gu)(gu)螺(luo)母14,起(qi)到收(shou)緊(jin)(jin)(jin)鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)。同理，在(zai)處理法蘭泄(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)時(shi)，多(duo)(duo)功能頂(ding)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)也(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)緊(jin)(jin)(jin)固(gu)(gu)(gu)螺(luo)母14使(shi)頂(ding)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)固(gu)(gu)(gu)定(ding)(ding)在(zai)法蘭上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)，緊(jin)(jin)(jin)固(gu)(gu)(gu)螺(luo)桿(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)(de)規格(ge)為M16.第四部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)徑為95mm,它(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)前(qian)卡(ka)(ka)腳(jiao)和后卡(ka)(ka)腳(jiao)，并(bing)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)擰(ning)緊(jin)(jin)(jin)緊(jin)(jin)(jin)固(gu)(gu)(gu)螺(luo)母14而(er)使(shi)頂(ding)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)固(gu)(gu)(gu)定(ding)(ding)在(zai)泄(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)管(guan)道上(shang)(shang)(shang)，鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)長度隨泄(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)管(guan)道的(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)徑而(er)變。歸納起(qi)來，多(duo)(duo)功能頂(ding)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)特點如下(xia)。


圖 35.jpg


  a. 利用鋼絲繩(sheng)可將頂壓工具安裝在任何直(zhi)徑(jing)的(de)泄漏管道(dao)上，通(tong)用性強。


  b. 多功能頂壓工具有三個旋轉機構(gou)，可以全方位回轉，使用方便。


  c. 可(ke)以對法(fa)蘭焊縫(feng)、三通焊縫(feng)及(ji)管道面上任意方向的(de)焊縫(feng)泄(xie)漏進行(xing)帶壓(ya)密封作業(ye)，頂(ding)壓(ya)螺(luo)桿端部采用軟性填料，還(huan)可(ke)以處理各種較大的(de)裂紋。


  d. 頂壓螺桿(gan)可以采用(yong)(yong)配合(he)鋁鉚釘使用(yong)(yong)的(de)，也(ye)可以換成尖頂的(de)，配合(he)頂壓塊(kuai)及軟性填料、軟金屬使用(yong)(yong)的(de)，可以分(fen)別處理連續滴狀(zhuang)泄(xie)漏(lou)和噴射狀(zhuang)泄(xie)漏(lou)。


  e. 利用鋼絲繩、主桿、頂壓(ya)螺桿還可(ke)以處(chu)理(li)管道法蘭墊片發生(sheng)的泄漏。


  f. 鋼絲(si)繩、主桿(gan)和頂壓(ya)螺桿(gan)實際上就是一副(fu)任意大(da)小的管道頂壓(ya)工具(ju)。