工業管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)，是由管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)組(zu)(zu)成件(jian)(jian)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)支吊架等(deng)組(zu)(zu)成，用以輸(shu)送、分(fen)(fen)配、混(hun)合、分(fen)(fen)離、排放、計量或控制(zhi)流(liu)體流(liu)動。管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)組(zu)(zu)成件(jian)(jian)用于連接或裝(zhuang)配成管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)的元件(jian)(jian)，包(bao)括(kuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)子（PiPipe)e）、管(guan)(guan)(guan)件(jian)(jian)、法蘭、墊片、緊固件(jian)(jian)、閥(fa)門(men)以及管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)特殊件(jian)(jian)等(deng)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)特殊件(jian)(jian)指非普通標準組(zu)(zu)成件(jian)(jian)，系按工程設計條件(jian)(jian)特殊制(zhi)造的管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)組(zu)(zu)成件(jian)(jian)，包(bao)括(kuo)膨脹節、補(bu)償器(qi)(qi)(qi)、特殊閥(fa)門(men)、爆炸片、阻火(huo)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、過(guo)濾器(qi)(qi)(qi)、撓性接頭及軟管(guan)(guan)(guan)等(deng)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)支吊架，用于支承管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)或約(yue)束管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)位移的各種結(jie)構的總(zong)稱(cheng)，但不包(bao)括(kuo)土建結(jie)構。管(guan)(guan)(guan)子只是管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)的一部分(fen)(fen)，當管(guan)(guan)(guan)子與管(guan)(guan)(guan)件(jian)(jian)、閥(fa)門(men)和其(qi)他機械設備連接，并由支吊架支承時，才被稱(cheng)為(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)。

  工業(ye)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)器材(cai)(cai)(cai)是整個管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)設(she)計(ji)過(guo)程的(de)基礎部(bu)分(fen)，它(ta)直接影響到管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)系統乃至整個工業(ye)裝置的(de)安全(quan)性(xing)、可靠性(xing)和經(jing)濟性(xing)。工業(ye)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)器材(cai)(cai)(cai)在石油、化工、石油化工、電(dian)力(li)、輕紡(fang)、船舶、制藥等工業(ye)部(bu)門的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)裝置中(zhong)所占比(bi)例(li)很大。在石油化工生產裝置中(zhong)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料中(zhong)各(ge)主要(yao)項目(mu)費(fei)用(yong)所占比(bi)例(li)如圖16.1所示。

工業管道(dao)常用材料分類(lei)見表16.2。