1Cr18Ni9是18-8型不銹鋼最古老的一個牌號。耐蝕性、冷成型性能與0Cr19Ni9相近,由于此鋼含碳量高,一般沒有δ-鐵素體且奧氏體穩定,因此,此鋼更適于低溫和無磁等用途。
1Cr18Ni12和(he)0Cr18Ni9Cu3,前者是通(tong)過(guo)提高1Cr18Ni9鋼(gang)的(de)鎳含量,使(shi)奧(ao)氏(shi)體(ti)更(geng)(geng)(geng)加(jia)穩定(ding),經較(jiao)(jiao)大冷(leng)(leng)(leng)變(bian)形(xing)后,可基本上不產生馬(ma)氏(shi)體(ti)相變(bian),既可使(shi)鋼(gang)的(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)加(jia)工硬化(hua)傾(qing)向(xiang)小(xiao),更(geng)(geng)(geng)易于冷(leng)(leng)(leng)加(jia)工成型,減少中間退火次數。同時,由于固溶態(tai)與軋態(tai)的(de)透磁率變(bian)化(hua)很(hen)小(xiao)(表5.3),較(jiao)(jiao)0Cr18Ni9(304)更(geng)(geng)(geng)適于無磁用(yong)途。而0Cr18Ni9Cu3則系加(jia)入銅(tong)使(shi)奧(ao)氏(shi)體(ti)更(geng)(geng)(geng)加(jia)穩定(ding),冷(leng)(leng)(leng)加(jia)工過(guo)程轉變(bian)為馬(ma)氏(shi)體(ti)的(de)敏感(gan)性降(jiang)低,從而使(shi)鋼(gang)的(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)作硬化(hua)傾(qing)向(xiang)和(he)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)作速(su)率以及冷(leng)(leng)(leng)開裂敏感(gan)性下降(jiang),使(shi)此鋼(gang)在較(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)變(bian)形(xing)力作用(yong)下可獲得最大的(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)變(bian)形(xing),因此,0Cr18Ni9Cu3更(geng)(geng)(geng)適于緊固件和(he)深(shen)沖、深(shen)拉等用(yong)途。圖5.8和(he)圖5.9系一些試驗結(jie)果。


Y1Cr18Ni9是通(tong)過(guo)調(diao)(diao)整鋼中(zhong)(zhong)P(≤0.20%)和(he)(he)S(≥0.15%)含(han)量,而Y1Cr18Ni9Se則是通(tong)過(guo)調(diao)(diao)整1Cr18Ni9 鋼中(zhong)(zhong)P(≤0.20%)和(he)(he)S(≥0.60% )并加入Se(≥0.15%),以(yi)使鋼具有優良的冷(leng)切(qie)削(xue)加工性。

