可(ke)變彈簧(huang)(huang)支(zhi)吊架的(de)(de)核心部件(jian)是(shi)一個被控制(zhi)的(de)(de)圓柱彈簧(huang)(huang)，當被支(zhi)承管(guan)道發生豎向位(wei)移時，會帶動圓柱彈簧(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)控制(zhi)板(ban)使(shi)彈簧(huang)(huang)被壓縮或被拉長。
國(guo)家標(biao)(biao)準GB 10182共給出(chu)了A、B、C、D、E、F、G七種標(biao)(biao)準形(xing)式，與(yu)HG/T 20644標(biao)(biao)準是一致的(de)，如(ru)圖9-37所示：A型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)上螺紋懸(xuan)吊(diao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)；B型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)單(dan)耳懸(xuan)吊(diao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)；C型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)雙(shuang)耳懸(xuan)吊(diao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)；D型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)上調(diao)節擱置(zhi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)；E型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)下調(diao)節擱置(zhi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)；F型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)支承擱置(zhi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)；G型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)并聯懸(xuan)吊(diao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。它(ta)們的(de)適用情況(kuang)分述如(ru)下。
A、B、C三種形式均為懸吊(diao)型可變彈簧吊(diao)架，上端(duan)(duan)通過(guo)吊(diao)桿與生根部件相連，下端(duan)(duan)則通過(guo)可調螺母和吊(diao)桿與附管部件相連。三者所不(bu)同(tong)的是上端(duan)(duan)與吊(diao)桿的連接方(fang)式不(bu)同(tong)。
D型(xing)和(he)E型(xing)為(wei)擱(ge)置(zhi)型(xing)可變(bian)彈(dan)簧(huang)吊(diao)(diao)架(jia)，即其底座擱(ge)置(zhi)于(yu)支(zhi)(zhi)承梁或平臺梁的上(shang)面，下端則(ze)通過可調螺母和(he)吊(diao)(diao)桿與(yu)附管部件相(xiang)連。與(yu)A、B、C三種形式相(xiang)比(bi)，D型(xing)、E型(xing)更(geng)容易使(shi)操作人(ren)員(yuan)接(jie)近，以便從彈(dan)簧(huang)支(zhi)(zhi)吊(diao)(diao)架(jia)的刻度(du)指示板上(shang)了解支(zhi)(zhi)承點的位移(yi)情(qing)況，并與(yu)計算值進行(xing)對(dui)比(bi)。D型(xing)和(he)E型(xing)僅(jin)僅(jin)是吊(diao)(diao)桿與(yu)彈(dan)簧(huang)連接(jie)的方式不同(tong)，前者便于(yu)隨(sui)時調節彈(dan)簧(huang)荷載，而(er)后(hou)者則(ze)對(dui)防止雨水進入彈(dan)簧(huang)支(zhi)(zhi)架(jia)有利。
F型(xing)為支(zhi)(zhi)托(tuo)型(xing)可(ke)變彈簧(huang)支(zhi)(zhi)架，它(ta)與(yu)前面幾種吊架形(xing)式相比剛性(xing)較(jiao)大，但當管(guan)道在支(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)點同(tong)時(shi)有橫向(xiang)位(wei)移(yi)時(shi)，會因(yin)摩(mo)擦力的作用使(shi)它(ta)發生(sheng)(sheng)傾斜甚至失穩。為此，一(yi)些生(sheng)(sheng)產廠則(ze)開發出了(le)帶(dai)滾(gun)輪的支(zhi)(zhi)托(tuo)型(xing)可(ke)變彈簧(huang)支(zhi)(zhi)架，當管(guan)子(zi)在支(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)點的橫向(xiang)位(wei)移(yi)大于6mm時(shi)，應考(kao)慮選用帶(dai)滾(gun)輪的支(zhi)(zhi)托(tuo)型(xing)可(ke)變彈簧(huang)支(zhi)(zhi)架。
G型為并聯懸吊型可變彈簧吊架(jia)，它常用于生根條(tiao)件不太(tai)合適，或彈簧承載過大而需要并聯設置時。當然(ran)，選用A～E中任何一種的兩個(ge)可變彈簧支吊架(jia)并聯也可以，應視方便而定。
可變彈簧支吊架標準系(xi)列中都給(gei)出了它(ta)們的對應(ying)關系(xi)數據(ju)表，選用時查表即(ji)可。
當管系中(zhong)(zhong)某點(dian)的垂直(zhi)位(wei)移(yi)量(liang)較(jiao)大時(shi)(shi)，從標準(zhun)(zhun)彈(dan)簧(huang)(huang)支(zhi)吊架(jia)表中(zhong)(zhong)可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)已選(xuan)不到(dao)合適(shi)的彈(dan)簧(huang)(huang)支(zhi)吊架(jia)，即要(yao)(yao)么找不到(dao)最大工作位(wei)移(yi)能(neng)滿足(zu)荷載要(yao)(yao)求的標準(zhun)(zhun)系列，要(yao)(yao)么因(yin)剛度較(jiao)大而使荷載變化率(lv)超出標準(zhun)(zhun)要(yao)(yao)求，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)考慮采用串(chuan)聯(lian)可(ke)(ke)(ke)變彈(dan)簧(huang)(huang)支(zhi)吊架(jia)。如果彈(dan)簧(huang)(huang)支(zhi)吊點(dian)的垂直(zhi)位(wei)移(yi)比較(jiao)大，選(xuan)用兩個可(ke)(ke)(ke)變彈(dan)簧(huang)(huang)串(chuan)聯(lian)仍不能(neng)滿足(zu)要(yao)(yao)求時(shi)(shi)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以串(chuan)聯(lian)更(geng)多的可(ke)(ke)(ke)變彈(dan)簧(huang)(huang)，但此(ci)時(shi)(shi)應(ying)考慮是(shi)否改用恒力彈(dan)簧(huang)(huang)更(geng)合適(shi)。
當管(guan)道支(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)點(dian)的(de)荷載超出(chu)標(biao)準可變彈(dan)簧支(zhi)(zhi)吊架(jia)的(de)最大允許荷載時，或(huo)者受(shou)支(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)條件（如豎(shu)管(guan)支(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)）、生根條件等限制不(bu)宜采用單個(ge)可變彈(dan)簧支(zhi)(zhi)吊架(jia)進行支(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)時，可選用兩(liang)個(ge)或(huo)兩(liang)個(ge)以上(shang)的(de)可變彈(dan)簧支(zhi)(zhi)吊架(jia)并聯支(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)。
可變彈(dan)(dan)簧支(zhi)吊架(jia)串聯安裝時，應(ying)(ying)選用(yong)最(zui)大荷載相同(tong)的(de)彈(dan)(dan)簧，每(mei)個(ge)(ge)彈(dan)(dan)簧的(de)壓縮量應(ying)(ying)按其工作位移范圍比例進行分(fen)配。可變彈(dan)(dan)簧支(zhi)吊架(jia)并聯安裝時，應(ying)(ying)選用(yong)同(tong)一(yi)型號的(de)彈(dan)(dan)簧，每(mei)個(ge)(ge)彈(dan)(dan)簧承受(shou)的(de)荷載應(ying)(ying)按并聯彈(dan)(dan)簧個(ge)(ge)數平均分(fen)配。
