長(chang)(chang)輸管(guan)(guan)道一般具有輸送(song)(song)距離長(chang)(chang)（常穿越(yue)多(duo)個行政(zheng)區(qu)、省、市，甚(shen)至可能跨(kua)越(yue)國界(jie)），輸送(song)(song)商品介質，中(zhong)途大多(duo)設有加壓站，穿越(yue)、跨(kua)越(yue)工程(cheng)多(duo)，絕大部分為埋地(di)敷設等特點(dian)(dian)。與公用(yong)管(guan)(guan)道、工業管(guan)(guan)道相(xiang)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)，其主要不同(tong)點(dian)(dian)是：輸送(song)(song)的(de)介質比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)單一；工藝流(liu)程(cheng)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)簡單；由于(yu)輸送(song)(song)距離長(chang)(chang)，要求輸送(song)(song)壓力高；管(guan)(guan)道有可能通過各種(zhong)地(di)質條(tiao)(tiao)件的(de)地(di)區(qu)，如穿越(yue)沙(sha)漠(mo)、沼澤、永久凍(dong)土(tu)層(ceng)、地(di)震帶及容易(yi)產生(sheng)泥(ni)石流(liu)等條(tiao)(tiao)件惡(e)劣地(di)段，并有可能穿過高山、河(he)流(liu)和湖泊，穿越(yue)公路(lu)和鐵路(lu)。

  公(gong)用(yong)管(guan)道(dao)是為(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)服(fu)務的市政管(guan)道(dao)，包括燃氣(qi)管(guan)道(dao)和(he)(he)熱(re)力管(guan)道(dao)。與(yu)長輸(shu)(shu)(shu)管(guan)道(dao)、工業管(guan)道(dao)相比較，其主要(yao)特點是：一(yi)般(ban)敷設(she)于(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)地(di)(di)下(xia)，由于(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)口與(yu)建(jian)、構筑(zhu)物稠(chou)密(mi)，各種(zhong)地(di)(di)下(xia)管(guan)道(dao)與(yu)設(she)施多，管(guan)道(dao)間應(ying)保(bao)證必要(yao)的安(an)全(quan)距離；一(yi)般(ban)公(gong)用(yong)管(guan)道(dao)壓(ya)力較低(di)，以盡量減少(shao)介(jie)質泄漏而發生安(an)全(quan)事故；在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)中各類用(yong)戶繁(fan)多，管(guan)道(dao)密(mi)集，選線條(tiao)件復雜；公(gong)用(yong)管(guan)道(dao)直接(jie)為(wei)千家萬戶服(fu)務，對于(yu)(yu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)介(jie)質成分要(yao)求嚴格(ge)；城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)燃氣(qi)均為(wei)常溫(wen)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)，熱(re)力管(guan)道(dao)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)的介(jie)質僅為(wei)熱(re)水和(he)(he)蒸汽，輸(shu)(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)的介(jie)質必須要(yao)有所需(xu)的熱(re)能和(he)(he)相應(ying)的溫(wen)度(du)。

  浙江(jiang)至德鋼業有限公司(si)主(zhu)要(yao)依據(ju)標(biao)準規(gui)范(fan)介紹基本概念和相關(guan)知(zhi)識，并把設計時(shi)常(chang)用到的標(biao)準規(gui)范(fan)列在了各節的后(hou)面。