高頻(pin)感(gan)應(ying)加熱(re)表(biao)面淬火法(fa)是將(jiang)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)放(fang)在(zai)由空(kong)心銅(tong)管繞制的感(gan)應(ying)器中,然后(hou)向(xiang)感(gan)應(ying)器通入一定頻(pin)率的交流電,以產生(sheng)交變(bian)磁場,使工(gong)(gong)件(jian)內產生(sheng)頻(pin)率相同的感(gan)應(ying)電流,使工(gong)(gong)件(jian)表(biao)面加熱(re)到淬火溫度,而心部溫度仍接近于室(shi)溫,隨后(hou)噴冷(leng)卻介(jie)(jie)質或把加熱(re)后(hou)的工(gong)(gong)件(jian)放(fang)入冷(leng)卻介(jie)(jie)質中快速冷(leng)卻,就能(neng)達到工(gong)(gong)件(jian)表(biao)面加熱(re)淬火的目的。
高頻感應(ying)加(jia)(jia)熱表(biao)面淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)是我國(guo)機械行(xing)業(ye)中較(jiao)普遍應(ying)用的(de)表(biao)面淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)方法(fa)。高頻感應(ying)加(jia)(jia)熱表(biao)面淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)對工(gong)件(jian)的(de)原始組(zu)織有一定要(yao)求,應(ying)預正火(huo)(huo)(huo)或調質(zhi)處理,以使工(gong)件(jian)基體有較(jiao)好的(de)綜合力學性能(neng)。高頻感應(ying)表(biao)面加(jia)(jia) 熱淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)后的(de)工(gong)件(jian)需進行(xing)低溫回火(huo)(huo)(huo),以降低淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)產生的(de)內應(ying)力。
高(gao)頻感應(ying)加熱表面淬火是(shi)(shi)一種先進的熱處理方法,它的特點是(shi)(shi)加熱速度快、淬火組(zu)織細、硬度比普(pu)通淬火高(gao)2~3HRC,耐磨性提(ti)高(gao),表面氧化,脫碳極(ji)微。
以(yi)極大(da)密度(du)的(de)能量(liang)(>103W/c㎡)瞬時(shi)(shi)供給被處(chu)理(li)(li)工件(jian)的(de)表面(mian)(mian),使其(qi)發生(sheng)(sheng)相(xiang)變硬(ying)化(hua),熔化(hua)快速凝固和表面(mian)(mian)合金化(hua)效(xiao)果的(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)稱(cheng)高(gao)密度(du)能(也稱(cheng)高(gao)能密度(du))加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理(li)(li),也稱(cheng)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)法,沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)也可(ke)以(yi)靠高(gao)頻感應(ying)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)法來實現。高(gao)頻脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)感應(ying)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)時(shi)(shi),發生(sheng)(sheng)器(qi)容量(liang)越(yue)大(da),脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)時(shi)(shi)間越(yue)短,電頻越(yue)高(gao),淬(cui)硬(ying)層(ceng)越(yue)淺。沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)感應(ying)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)時(shi)(shi)的(de)電頻率高(gao)達27.12MHz,此時(shi)(shi)的(de)淬(cui)硬(ying)層(ceng)深度(du)可(ke)達0.1mm。當發生(sheng)(sheng)器(qi)功率為10kW時(shi)(shi),可(ke)發出1MW功率的(de)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。金屬表面(mian)(mian)停(ting)止加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)后,靠其(qi)未加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)部(bu)分的(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)傳導來冷(leng)卻,達到淬(cui)硬(ying)目的(de)。感應(ying)器(qi)可(ke)用圓形或(huo)扁平(ping)截(jie)面(mian)(mian)的(de)銀絲(si)或(huo)銅絲(si)。當脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)次數在(zai)4次/s以(yi)下時(shi)(shi),無需對(dui)感應(ying)器(qi)通水冷(leng)卻。
采(cai)用(yong)高(gao)頻脈沖加(jia)(jia)熱(re)表面淬火后(hou),零(ling)件加(jia)(jia)熱(re)的時間越短(duan),淬硬層深(shen)度(du)越淺,熱(re)處(chu)理后(hou)變(bian)形(xing)更小。
高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)感(gan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)加(jia)熱向著超高(gao)沖(chong)擊淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)和大功率脈(mo)沖(chong)感(gan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)加(jia)熱淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)的(de)方向發展(zhan)。表(biao)(biao)3-43是普(pu)通(tong)高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)感(gan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)表(biao)(biao)面加(jia)熱淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)、超高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)沖(chong)擊表(biao)(biao)面感(gan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)加(jia)熱淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)、大功率脈(mo)沖(chong)表(biao)(biao)面感(gan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)加(jia)熱淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)的(de)技術特點(dian)比較。