管殼(ke)式(shi)換熱(re)器(qi)又稱列管式(shi)換熱(re)器(qi)。是以封閉在殼(ke)體中管束的(de)壁(bi)面作為傳熱(re)面的(de)間壁(bi)式(shi)換熱(re)器(qi)。這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)換熱(re)器(qi)結(jie)(jie)構較(jiao)簡單，操(cao)作可靠，可用各種(zhong)(zhong)結(jie)(jie)構材(cai)料(liao)（主要是金屬材(cai)料(liao)）制造，能在高(gao)溫、高(gao)壓下(xia)使用，是目(mu)前應用最廣的(de)類(lei)型。

  管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)(qi)由殼(ke)(ke)體(ti)、傳熱管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)、折流(liu)板(ban)（擋板(ban)）和管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱等部(bu)件組成(cheng)。殼(ke)(ke)體(ti)多為(wei)圓筒形(xing)，內部(bu)裝(zhuang)有管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)兩端固(gu)定在(zai)(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)上，而管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)又(you)與外殼(ke)(ke)連(lian)接在(zai)(zai)一(yi)起。進(jin)行(xing)換(huan)(huan)熱的冷、熱兩種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)流(liu)體(ti)，一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內流(liu)動(dong)，稱(cheng)為(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程流(liu)體(ti)；另(ling)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外流(liu)動(dong)，稱(cheng)為(wei)殼(ke)(ke)程流(liu)體(ti)。為(wei)提高管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外流(liu)體(ti)的傳熱膜系數，通常在(zai)(zai)殼(ke)(ke)體(ti)內安裝(zhuang)若(ruo)干擋板(ban)。擋板(ban)可提高殼(ke)(ke)程流(liu)體(ti)速度(du)，迫使流(liu)體(ti)按規定路程多次橫(heng)向通過(guo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)，增強(qiang)流(liu)體(ti)湍流(liu)程度(du)。圖7.2（a）為(wei)最簡(jian)單(dan)的單(dan)殼(ke)(ke)程單(dan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程換(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)(qi)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)(qi)按結(jie)構特點分為(wei)固(gu)定管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)(qi)、浮頭式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)(qi)、U形(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)(qi)、填函式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)(qi)、雙重管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)(qi)和雙管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)換(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)(qi)等，前3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)應用比較(jiao)普遍。

  管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)式換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)由許(xu)(xu)多(duo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子組成，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)構(gou)成換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)的傳熱(re)(re)(re)(re)面。為(wei)了(le)增加流(liu)(liu)(liu)體在管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外空間的流(liu)(liu)(liu)速，以提高換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)殼(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)的傳熱(re)(re)(re)(re)膜系數(shu)，改(gai)善換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)的傳熱(re)(re)(re)(re)情況，在筒體內間隔(ge)安裝了(le)許(xu)(xu)多(duo)折流(liu)(liu)(liu)擋板。換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)的殼(ke)體和兩側(ce)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱上(shang)（對于偶數(shu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)的，則在一(yi)(yi)(yi)側(ce)）開有(you)流(liu)(liu)(liu)體的進(jin)出口，有(you)時還(huan)在其上(shang)裝設檢查孔，為(wei)安置儀表(biao)用(yong)的接口管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、排(pai)液孔和排(pai)氣(qi)孔等。在換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)中，一(yi)(yi)(yi)種流(liu)(liu)(liu)體從一(yi)(yi)(yi)側(ce)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱（成為(wei)前管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱）流(liu)(liu)(liu)進(jin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子里，經另一(yi)(yi)(yi)側(ce)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱（成為(wei)后管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱）流(liu)(liu)(liu)出（對奇(qi)數(shu)單管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)），或繞過管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱，流(liu)(liu)(liu)回(hui)進(jin)口側(ce)前管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱流(liu)(liu)(liu)出（對偶數(shu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)），流(liu)(liu)(liu)體每通過管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次稱為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)。另一(yi)(yi)(yi)種流(liu)(liu)(liu)體從筒體上(shang)的連接管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)進(jin)出換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體，流(liu)(liu)(liu)經管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)外，每通過殼(ke)體一(yi)(yi)(yi)次稱為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個殼(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)。圖7.2（c）所示為(wei)二管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)、單殼(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)，工程(cheng)(cheng)上(shang)稱為(wei)1-2型換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)（此處1表(biao)示殼(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)數(shu)，2表(biao)示管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)數(shu)）。同樣，在換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)筒體內加縱向擋板也能得到多(duo)殼(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)結構(gou)，見(jian)圖7.2（b）。

  按GB151的(de)規定，管殼式換(huan)熱器主要(yao)部件如圖7.3所示(shi)。