管殼式換(huan)熱器又稱列管式換(huan)熱器。是(shi)(shi)以封閉在殼體中管束(shu)的壁(bi)面(mian)作(zuo)為傳熱面(mian)的間壁(bi)式換(huan)熱器。這種(zhong)換(huan)熱器結構較簡(jian)單，操(cao)作(zuo)可(ke)靠，可(ke)用各種(zhong)結構材料（主要是(shi)(shi)金屬材料）制造，能在高溫、高壓下使(shi)用，是(shi)(shi)目前(qian)應(ying)用最廣的類型。

  管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)由殼(ke)(ke)體(ti)、傳熱(re)(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)、折流(liu)板(ban)(ban)（擋(dang)板(ban)(ban)）和管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)等(deng)部件組(zu)成。殼(ke)(ke)體(ti)多(duo)為(wei)(wei)圓筒形，內(nei)(nei)部裝(zhuang)有管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)兩端(duan)固定在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)上，而管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)又與外(wai)殼(ke)(ke)連(lian)接在(zai)一(yi)起。進(jin)行換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)的(de)冷、熱(re)(re)(re)兩種流(liu)體(ti)，一(yi)種在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)(nei)流(liu)動，稱為(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)流(liu)體(ti)；另一(yi)種在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外(wai)流(liu)動，稱為(wei)(wei)殼(ke)(ke)程(cheng)流(liu)體(ti)。為(wei)(wei)提高管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外(wai)流(liu)體(ti)的(de)傳熱(re)(re)(re)膜系(xi)數，通常在(zai)殼(ke)(ke)體(ti)內(nei)(nei)安裝(zhuang)若干(gan)擋(dang)板(ban)(ban)。擋(dang)板(ban)(ban)可提高殼(ke)(ke)程(cheng)流(liu)體(ti)速度，迫使流(liu)體(ti)按規定路程(cheng)多(duo)次橫(heng)向通過管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)，增(zeng)強(qiang)流(liu)體(ti)湍流(liu)程(cheng)度。圖7.2（a）為(wei)(wei)最簡單(dan)的(de)單(dan)殼(ke)(ke)程(cheng)單(dan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)按結構特點分為(wei)(wei)固定管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)、浮頭式(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)、U形管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)、填(tian)函式(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)、雙(shuang)重管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)和雙(shuang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)等(deng)，前3種應(ying)用比較普遍。

  管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)式換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)由許多管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子組成(cheng)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)構成(cheng)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)傳熱(re)(re)(re)面。為(wei)(wei)了增加流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)在管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外空間的(de)流(liu)(liu)速，以提高(gao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)傳熱(re)(re)(re)膜系數，改善(shan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)傳熱(re)(re)(re)情況，在筒(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)內間隔安(an)裝(zhuang)了許多折流(liu)(liu)擋(dang)板(ban)。換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti)和兩側(ce)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)上（對(dui)(dui)于偶數管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)，則在一(yi)側(ce)）開有(you)流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)出口，有(you)時還(huan)在其上裝(zhuang)設檢(jian)查(cha)孔，為(wei)(wei)安(an)置儀表(biao)用(yong)的(de)接(jie)口管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、排液孔和排氣(qi)孔等。在換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中，一(yi)種(zhong)流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)從一(yi)側(ce)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)（成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)前管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)）流(liu)(liu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子里，經(jing)另一(yi)側(ce)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)（成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)后(hou)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)）流(liu)(liu)出（對(dui)(dui)奇數單管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)），或繞(rao)過(guo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，流(liu)(liu)回進(jin)(jin)(jin)口側(ce)前管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)流(liu)(liu)出（對(dui)(dui)偶數管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)），流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)每(mei)通過(guo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)一(yi)次(ci)稱為(wei)(wei)一(yi)個(ge)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)。另一(yi)種(zhong)流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)從筒(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)上的(de)連接(jie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)出換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，流(liu)(liu)經(jing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)外，每(mei)通過(guo)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti)一(yi)次(ci)稱為(wei)(wei)一(yi)個(ge)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)。圖7.2（c）所(suo)示(shi)為(wei)(wei)二管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)、單殼(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)，工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)上稱為(wei)(wei)1-2型換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)（此處1表(biao)示(shi)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)數，2表(biao)示(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)數）。同樣，在換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)筒(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)內加縱向擋(dang)板(ban)也能得(de)到(dao)多殼(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)結構，見圖7.2（b）。

  按GB151的規定，管(guan)殼式(shi)換熱器主(zhu)要(yao)部(bu)件如圖7.3所示。