管(guan)殼式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)器又稱列管(guan)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)器。是(shi)以封(feng)閉(bi)在殼體中(zhong)管(guan)束的(de)(de)壁(bi)面作(zuo)為傳熱(re)(re)面的(de)(de)間壁(bi)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)器。這種換(huan)熱(re)(re)器結構(gou)較簡單，操(cao)作(zuo)可靠，可用(yong)各種結構(gou)材料（主要(yao)是(shi)金屬材料）制造(zao)，能在高溫、高壓(ya)下使用(yong)，是(shi)目前應(ying)用(yong)最(zui)廣(guang)的(de)(de)類型(xing)。

  管(guan)(guan)殼(ke)式(shi)(shi)換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器由殼(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti)、傳熱(re)(re)(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)束、管(guan)(guan)板、折流(liu)(liu)(liu)板（擋板）和(he)管(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)等部件(jian)組成。殼(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti)多(duo)為(wei)圓筒形，內部裝(zhuang)有管(guan)(guan)束，管(guan)(guan)束兩端固(gu)定在(zai)管(guan)(guan)板上，而管(guan)(guan)板又與外(wai)殼(ke)連接在(zai)一(yi)起(qi)。進(jin)行換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)的(de)冷、熱(re)(re)(re)(re)兩種(zhong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，一(yi)種(zhong)在(zai)管(guan)(guan)內流(liu)(liu)(liu)動，稱(cheng)為(wei)管(guan)(guan)程流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)；另一(yi)種(zhong)在(zai)管(guan)(guan)外(wai)流(liu)(liu)(liu)動，稱(cheng)為(wei)殼(ke)程流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)。為(wei)提高管(guan)(guan)外(wai)流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)傳熱(re)(re)(re)(re)膜系數，通常在(zai)殼(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti)內安裝(zhuang)若(ruo)干擋板。擋板可提高殼(ke)程流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)速度(du)，迫使流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)按(an)規定路(lu)程多(duo)次(ci)橫向通過管(guan)(guan)束，增強流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)湍(tuan)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程度(du)。圖(tu)7.2（a）為(wei)最簡(jian)單(dan)的(de)單(dan)殼(ke)程單(dan)管(guan)(guan)程換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器。管(guan)(guan)殼(ke)式(shi)(shi)換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器按(an)結構特點分為(wei)固(gu)定管(guan)(guan)板式(shi)(shi)換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器、浮頭(tou)式(shi)(shi)換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器、U形管(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器、填函式(shi)(shi)換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器、雙重管(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器和(he)雙管(guan)(guan)板換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器等，前3種(zhong)應用(yong)比較普(pu)遍。

  管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)式換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)由許多管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)組成，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)構(gou)成換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)傳(chuan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)面。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了增(zeng)加流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)在(zai)(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外(wai)(wai)空間的(de)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)速，以(yi)提高(gao)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)傳(chuan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)膜系數(shu)(shu)(shu)，改善換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)傳(chuan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)情(qing)況，在(zai)(zai)筒體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)間隔安(an)(an)裝了許多折流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)擋(dang)(dang)板。換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)和兩側(ce)(ce)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱上(shang)（對于(yu)偶數(shu)(shu)(shu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)，則(ze)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)側(ce)(ce)）開有流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)進(jin)出(chu)(chu)口，有時還在(zai)(zai)其(qi)上(shang)裝設(she)檢查孔(kong)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)安(an)(an)置儀表用的(de)接口管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、排液孔(kong)和排氣孔(kong)等。在(zai)(zai)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)，一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)從一(yi)(yi)側(ce)(ce)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱（成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)前管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱）流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)進(jin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)里，經(jing)另(ling)一(yi)(yi)側(ce)(ce)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱（成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)后管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱）流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)（對奇數(shu)(shu)(shu)單管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)），或(huo)繞過管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱，流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)回(hui)進(jin)口側(ce)(ce)前管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)（對偶數(shu)(shu)(shu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)），流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)每通(tong)過管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。另(ling)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)從筒體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)上(shang)的(de)連接管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)進(jin)出(chu)(chu)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)經(jing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)外(wai)(wai)，每通(tong)過殼(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。圖7.2（c）所示(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)二管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、單殼(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)上(shang)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1-2型換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)（此處1表示(shi)(shi)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)數(shu)(shu)(shu)，2表示(shi)(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)數(shu)(shu)(shu)）。同樣，在(zai)(zai)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)筒體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)加縱向擋(dang)(dang)板也能得到多殼(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)結(jie)構(gou)，見圖7.2（b）。

  按GB151的規(gui)定，管殼(ke)式換熱器主要部(bu)件如圖7.3所示。