工(gong)(gong)藝和(he)管道(dao)互相融合(he)，在設(she)計(ji)(ji)時密(mi)不可分。國(guo)內外有些設(she)計(ji)(ji)單位工(gong)(gong)藝和(he)管道(dao)仍是同一(yi)個專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)，稱作“工(gong)(gong)藝管道(dao)”專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)，有些設(she)計(ji)(ji)單位分為工(gong)(gong)藝專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)和(he)管道(dao)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)。無論如(ru)何(he)分工(gong)(gong)，作為壓(ya)力管道(dao)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)，應首先理解透徹工(gong)(gong)藝專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)圖紙文件，明白工(gong)(gong)藝原理，才(cai)能保證壓(ya)力管道(dao)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)設(she)計(ji)(ji)質(zhi)量和(he)工(gong)(gong)作效(xiao)率。

  石油(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)(she)項目具有(you)一定的周期性(xing)，有(you)些(xie)年(nian)份(fen)煉油(you)(you)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)建設(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)較(jiao)多(duo)，有(you)些(xie)年(nian)份(fen)煤(mei)制油(you)(you)煤(mei)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)建設(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)較(jiao)多(duo)，有(you)些(xie)年(nian)份(fen)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)建設(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)較(jiao)多(duo)，有(you)些(xie)年(nian)份(fen)電力(li)輕工(gong)(gong)等(deng)(deng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)建設(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)較(jiao)多(duo)，在這(zhe)種市場經(jing)濟(ji)主(zhu)導的大環境下，設(she)(she)計單位能中(zhong)標的裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)類型也在變化(hua)(hua)。需要壓(ya)力(li)管道設(she)(she)計人員熟練設(she)(she)計煉油(you)(you)（常減(jian)壓(ya)、催化(hua)(hua)重整、加氫等(deng)(deng)）、化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)（乙烯、化(hua)(hua)肥、LNG、LPG、PP、苯(ben)乙烯等(deng)(deng)）、煤(mei)制油(you)(you)等(deng)(deng)各種裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)。

  實踐證明，無論(lun)是化工(gong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置、煉油裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置，還是制藥裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置的(de)(de)壓力管(guan)(guan)(guan)道設(she)(she)計(ji)，僅(jin)是工(gong)藝(yi)專(zhuan)業設(she)(she)計(ji)內容(rong)不同，對于(yu)壓力管(guan)(guan)(guan)道專(zhuan)業設(she)(she)計(ji)人(ren)員，設(she)(she)計(ji)原理和內容(rong)是相(xiang)同的(de)(de)，壓力管(guan)(guan)(guan)道設(she)(she)計(ji)人(ren)員掌握了(le)管(guan)(guan)(guan)廊、塔、容(rong)器(qi)、反應(ying)器(qi)、換熱設(she)(she)備(bei)、加熱爐、泵、壓縮機、罐等(deng)設(she)(she)備(bei)、設(she)(she)施(shi)及其有關管(guan)(guan)(guan)道的(de)(de)配管(guan)(guan)(guan)設(she)(she)計(ji)原理和好的(de)(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)做(zuo)法，就可以(yi)較好地(di)完(wan)成這些不同類(lei)型(xing)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置的(de)(de)設(she)(she)備(bei)設(she)(she)施(shi)的(de)(de)壓力管(guan)(guan)(guan)道設(she)(she)計(ji)。本(ben)章節簡要講述一些裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置的(de)(de)工(gong)藝(yi)及布置。