1. 不銹鋼焊接鋼管用(yong)途不同(tong)而分(fen)為如下(xia)標準。
2. 板焊管的選用。鋼板焊制不銹鋼管(板焊管)國內尚無標準,板焊管制造標準可暫參照ASTM A671《常溫和低溫用電熔焊鋼管》、ASTM A672《中溫和高壓用電熔焊鋼管》和ASTMA691《高溫和高壓用碳素鋼和合金鋼電熔焊鋼管》,或按照GB50235《工業金屬管道工程施工及驗收規范》和GB 50316《工業金屬管道設計規范》附錄的現場制造鋼板卷管的規定要求制造。或參照GB/T 9711.1《石油天然氣工業輸送鋼管 交貨技術條件第1部分:A級鋼管》。
3. 連續(xu)爐焊(han)(han)(han)(鍛(duan)焊(han)(han)(han))鋼管、電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)焊(han)(han)(han)鋼管和電(dian)(dian)弧焊(han)(han)(han)鋼管的選(xuan)用。常用的焊(han)(han)(han)接鋼管根(gen)據其生產時采(cai)用的焊(han)(han)(han)接工藝不同可以分為(wei):連續(xu)爐焊(han)(han)(han)(鍛(duan)焊(han)(han)(han))鋼管、電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)焊(han)(han)(han)鋼管和電(dian)(dian)弧焊(han)(han)(han)鋼管三種。
①. 連續爐(lu)焊(鍛焊)鋼管(guan)(guan):連續爐(lu)焊(鍛焊)鋼管(guan)(guan)是在加(jia)熱爐(lu)內對(dui)(dui)鋼帶進行加(jia)熱,然后對(dui)(dui)已成型的邊(bian)緣采用(yong)(yong)機械加(jia)壓(ya)方法(fa)使其(qi)焊接(jie)在一起而形成的具有一條直縫(feng)的鋼管(guan)(guan)。特(te)點:生產效率(lv)高,生產成本低;但焊縫(feng)質量差,綜合機械性(xing)能差。材料牌(pai)號:Q195A、Q215A、Q235A等(deng)3種。用(yong)(yong)途:適(shi)于(yu)設(she)計溫(wen)度為0~100℃、設(she)計壓(ya)力不超過(guo)0.6MPa的水和壓(ya)縮空氣系統(tong)。標準:GB/T 3091《流體(ti)輸送用(yong)(yong)焊接(jie)鋼管(guan)(guan)》。
②. 電(dian)阻焊鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(electric-resistance welded steel pipe):電(dian)阻焊鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)是通(tong)過(guo)電(dian)阻焊或電(dian)感(gan)應焊焊接方法(fa)生產的(de)(de),帶有一(yi)條(tiao)直焊縫的(de)(de)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)。特點:生產效(xiao)率高(gao)(gao),自動化程度(du)高(gao)(gao),焊后(hou)的(de)(de)變形和殘余(yu)應力較小。設備投資高(gao)(gao),對焊接接頭的(de)(de)質量要求也(ye)比較高(gao)(gao)。由于接頭處難免有雜質存在,所以接頭塑性和沖擊韌性較低。標準:SY/T 5038《普通(tong)流體輸送用(yong)螺旋縫高(gao)(gao)頻焊鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)》,材(cai)料牌號(hao):Q195A、Q215A、Q235A等3種(zhong),用(yong)途:適用(yong)于設計溫(wen)度(du)≤200℃的(de)(de)水、煤(mei)氣(qi)、空氣(qi)、采暖蒸汽等。標準:GB/T 9711.1《石油天然氣(qi)工業(ye)輸送鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)交貨技術條(tiao)件》,材(cai)料牌號(hao):L175、L210,L245,L290,L320,L360,L450等15種(zhong),用(yong)途:石油天然氣(qi)工業(ye)中(zhong)可(ke)燃流體和非可(ke)燃流體(中(zhong)、低壓)。
③. 電弧焊(han)(han)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(electric-arc-welded steel pipe):電弧焊(han)(han)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)是通(tong)過電弧焊(han)(han)焊(han)(han)接方法生產的鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)。特點(dian):接頭達(da)(da)(da)到完(wan)(wan)全的冶金(jin)結合,接頭的機械性能(neng)(neng)能(neng)(neng)夠完(wan)(wan)全達(da)(da)(da)到或(huo)達(da)(da)(da)到母材的機械性能(neng)(neng)。在(zai)經過適當的熱處理和無損檢查之(zhi)后,電弧焊(han)(han)直(zhi)縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)的使用(yong)(yong)條件可達(da)(da)(da)到無縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)的使用(yong)(yong)條件而取代之(zhi)。螺旋(xuan)縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)材料(liao)牌(pai)號(hao):Q195、Q215、Q235等(deng)3種(zhong)(zhong),用(yong)(yong)途:適用(yong)(yong)于設計溫度≤200℃的水(shui)、煤氣、空(kong)氣、采(cai)暖蒸汽(qi)等(deng);標準(zhun):SY/T 5037《普(pu)通(tong)流(liu)體(ti)輸送用(yong)(yong)螺旋(xuan)縫(feng)(feng)埋弧焊(han)(han)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)》,直(zhi)縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)材料(liao)牌(pai)號(hao):1Cr18Ni9、0Cr19Ni9、00Cr19Ni11、0Cr18Ni10Ti、0Cr17Ni12Mo2、00Cr17Ni14Mo2共12種(zhong)(zhong)(新(xin)版標準(zhun)更新(xin)為新(xin)的牌(pai)號(hao)),用(yong)(yong)途:設計壓(ya)力小于5.0MPa,焊(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)系數小于1.0時,不(bu)宜用(yong)(yong)于極度或(huo)高(gao)度危害介質;電弧焊(han)(han)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)標準(zhun)還有:GB12771《流(liu)體(ti)輸送用(yong)(yong)不(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)焊(han)(han)接鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)》,HG/T 50237.1~4《奧氏(shi)體(ti)不(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)焊(han)(han)接鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)》。
4. 有(you)縫焊接鋼(gang)管的特點及有(you)關標準。
①. 不(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)也稱(cheng)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan),是(shi)用(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)板或鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)帶(dai)經過(guo)卷曲成型后焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)制成的(de)(de)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)。不(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)工藝簡單(dan)(dan),生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)效(xiao)率高(gao),品(pin)種(zhong)規(gui)格多,但強度(du)(du)(du)一般低(di)于無(wu)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)。20世紀30年(nian)代以(yi)來,隨著優質帶(dai)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)連軋生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)迅速發(fa)展以(yi)及焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)和(he)檢驗(yan)技術的(de)(de)進步,焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)質量不(bu)斷提高(gao),焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)品(pin)種(zhong)規(gui)格日(ri)益(yi)增多,并在越來越多的(de)(de)領(ling)域代替了無(wu)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)。焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)按焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)形式分為直縫(feng)(feng)(feng)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)和(he)螺旋焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)。直縫(feng)(feng)(feng)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)工藝簡單(dan)(dan),生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)效(xiao)率高(gao),成本(ben)低(di),發(fa)展較快(kuai)。螺旋焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)強度(du)(du)(du)一般比直縫(feng)(feng)(feng)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)高(gao),能用(yong)較窄(zhai)的(de)(de)坯(pi)料生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)管(guan)(guan)徑較大(da)的(de)(de)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan),還可以(yi)用(yong)同樣寬(kuan)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)坯(pi)料生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)管(guan)(guan)徑不(bu)同的(de)(de)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)。但是(shi)與(yu)相(xiang)同長度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)直縫(feng)(feng)(feng)管(guan)(guan)相(xiang)比,焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)長度(du)(du)(du)增加30%~100%,而且(qie)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)速度(du)(du)(du)較低(di)。因此,較小口(kou)徑的(de)(de)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)大(da)都采用(yong)直縫(feng)(feng)(feng)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han),大(da)口(kou)徑焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)則大(da)多采用(yong)螺旋焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)。
②. GB 50316《工(gong)業金(jin)屬管道設(she)(she)計規(gui)范(fan)》規(gui)定:“現行(xing)國家標準GB/T 3092《低壓流(liu)體(ti)輸送(song)(song)用(yong)焊(han)接鋼管》及GB/T 3091《低壓流(liu)體(ti)輸送(song)(song)用(yong)鍍鋅焊(han)接鋼管》中(zhong)的加厚(hou)(hou)管子(zi),可用(yong)于設(she)(she)計壓力小于等于1.6MPa和設(she)(she)計溫度(du)在0~200℃的C類(lei)流(liu)體(ti)。普通(tong)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)的管子(zi)僅用(yong)于D類(lei)流(liu)體(ti)。”
③. 有(you)(you)縫(feng)鋼管(guan)通常用于低壓(ya)管(guan)路。小直徑(jing)的(de)有(you)(you)縫(feng)鋼管(guan)(公稱(cheng)直徑(jing)10~150mm),常用作水、煤氣(qi)、空氣(qi)、低壓(ya)蒸汽及無侵蝕性(xing)流體的(de)管(guan)道,工(gong)作溫度范圍為0~200℃。大直徑(jing)的(de)有(you)(you)縫(feng)鋼管(guan)包括螺旋縫(feng)電焊管(guan)(公稱(cheng)直徑(jing)200~700mm)和直縫(feng)電焊管(guan)(公稱(cheng)直徑(jing)200~1200mm)。工(gong)作溫度范圍因材(cai)料(liao)而(er)異(yi)。