對于(yu)輸(shu)油和(he)輸(shu)氣管道(dao)(dao)的壁(bi)(bi)厚計算,俄(e)羅斯管道(dao)(dao)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)和(he)國(guo)內管道(dao)(dao)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)所采用(yong)的公式(shi)差(cha)別較大,根(gen)(gen)據俄(e)羅斯管道(dao)(dao)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)SNIP 2.05.06《干線管道(dao)(dao)設計規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)》的規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding),管道(dao)(dao)壁(bi)(bi)厚由式(shi)(3.3.33)和(he)式(shi)(3.3.34)計算確定(ding)。當存(cun)在縱向和(he)軸向壓縮應(ying)(ying)力(li)時,壁(bi)(bi)厚應(ying)(ying)根(gen)(gen)據式(shi)(3.3.34)確定(ding)。

輸(shu)油(you)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)壁(bi)厚(hou)計算(suan)公(gong)式(shi)見 GB 50253《輸(shu)油(you)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)工(gong)程(cheng)設計規(gui)(gui)范》。輸(shu)氣管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)壁(bi)厚(hou)度計算(suan)見GB50251《輸(shu)氣管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)工(gong)程(cheng)設計規(gui)(gui)范》。公(gong)式(shi)中(zhong)的參數(shu)F.與俄羅斯(si)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)壁(bi)厚(hou)計算(suan)公(gong)式(shi)中(zhong)的參數(shu)k含(han)義一樣(yang),只是F應根(gen)據(ju)地(di)區類別(bie)取(qu)不同的值。在我國規(gui)(gui)范中(zhong),輸(shu)油(you)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)和輸(shu)氣管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)的直(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)段壁(bi)厚(hou)計算(suan)公(gong)式(shi)基本(ben)相同,不同的是輸(shu)氣管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)壁(bi)厚(hou)計算(suan)設計系(xi)數(shu)的取(qu)值不一樣(yang),另外,輸(shu)氣管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)還(huan)需(xu)考慮溫度折減系(xi)數(shu)t。
將(jiang)俄羅斯管道規(gui)范中的(de)壁厚(hou)(hou)計(ji)算(suan)公(gong)式與我國規(gui)范計(ji)算(suan)公(gong)式比較可知,兩者在壁厚(hou)(hou)的(de)計(ji)算(suan)上有很大的(de)不同。
(1)俄羅斯規(gui)范(fan)對壁(bi)厚(hou)的計(ji)算(suan)考(kao)慮的因(yin)素較多,如荷載(zai)可(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)系(xi)(xi)數(shu)(shu)n、工(gong)作條件系(xi)(xi)數(shu)(shu)m、材料的可(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)系(xi)(xi)數(shu)(shu)kL和(he)鋼管用途(tu)可(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)系(xi)(xi)數(shu)(shu)kH等。而我國的規(gui)范(fan)中僅考(kao)慮了設計(ji)系(xi)(xi)數(shu)(shu)k及焊縫系(xi)(xi)數(shu)(shu)中。
(2)俄羅斯規范(fan)中壁(bi)厚的(de)計算采用(yong)的(de)是標準抗(kang)(kang)拉強(qiang)度,而(er)我(wo)國規范(fan)中采用(yong)的(de)是最小屈(qu)(qu)服強(qiang)度。抗(kang)(kang)拉強(qiang)度和最小屈(qu)(qu)服強(qiang)度在數值上有較大的(de)區別,例如,根據API 5L《管(guan)道鋼管(guan)規范(fan)》,X65材料標準抗(kang)(kang)拉強(qiang)度是531MPa,最小屈(qu)(qu)服強(qiang)度是448MPa。
(3)在俄(e)羅斯管(guan)道規(gui)范中(zhong),當鋼(gang)管(guan)存在縱(zong)向和(he)軸向壓縮應力(li)時,還考慮(lv)了管(guan)子雙軸受力(li)狀態系(xi)數↓1。我(wo)國規(gui)范中(zhong)未包括這(zhe)種情況(kuang)。
(4)采(cai)用(yong)俄羅(luo)斯管道規(gui)范計算的壁厚(hou)與我國規(gui)范計算的壁厚(hou)有一(yi)定的差(cha)異,但不(bu)是(shi)太大,前者比后者保守。
(5)按(an)GB50253規(gui)定(ding),輸(shu)油(you)管(guan)道工(gong)(gong)程設(she)計計算輸(shu)油(you)量時,年(nian)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)天(tian)數(shu)(shu)應按(an)350天(tian)計算,而俄羅斯規(gui)范BHTH 2-86《干線輸(shu)油(you)管(guan)道工(gong)(gong)藝設(she)計規(gui)范》中規(gui)定(ding),輸(shu)油(you)管(guan)道的年(nian)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)天(tian)數(shu)(shu)應根據管(guan)道長度和管(guan)道直(zhi)徑(jing)來選(xuan)取(qu),工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)天(tian)數(shu)(shu)從345~356。

