海洋(yang)石(shi)油(you)、天然氣開發的(de)(de)鉆(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)可(ke)分為(wei)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)式(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)和(he)移動(dong)式(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)兩(liang)類。固(gu)(gu)定(ding)式(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)又(you)分為(wei)導(dao)管架式(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)和(he)混凝(ning)土重力式(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)，固(gu)(gu)定(ding)式(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)淺海區(qu)(qu)域(yu)。移動(dong)式(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)有自(zi)升式(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)、半(ban)潛(qian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)、張力腿式(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)和(he)鉆(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)船等。自(zi)升式(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)也適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)淺海區(qu)(qu)域(yu)，半(ban)潛(qian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)、張力腿式(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)深海，可(ke)在3000m深海進行鉆(zhan)(zhan)探。海洋(yang)鉆(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)鋼材(cai)有鉆(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)石(shi)油(you)鉆(zhan)(zhan)桿、防(fang)止油(you)井(jing)坍(tan)塌的(de)(de)套管和(he)鉆(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)液鋼管等，平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)本(ben)體使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)是(shi)高(gao)強(qiang)度鋼板(ban)。圖(tu)8-23是(shi)典(dian)型的(de)(de)海洋(yang)鉆(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)在海洋(yang)不同水(shui)深中的(de)(de)示意圖(tu)，表8-11是(shi)各(ge)類海洋(yang)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)用(yong)(yong)鋼量。

  我國在“十二五(wu)”期(qi)間(jian)，已具備1500m水(shui)深的(de)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)能(neng)力；“十三(san)五(wu)”期(qi)間(jian)，已具備3000m水(shui)深的(de)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)能(neng)力。未(wei)來(lai)深水(shui)油(you)(you)氣勘探開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)將成為(wei)重(zhong)點(dian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)方向。而海底(di)管(guan)線是(shi)海上油(you)(you)氣開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)系統(tong)的(de)主要(yao)(yao)組成部分，主要(yao)(yao)包括油(you)(you)氣集(ji)輸管(guan)道和(he)油(you)(you)氣外輸管(guan)道，一般采用(yong)無縫(feng)(feng)管(guan)、高頻直縫(feng)(feng)焊(han)管(guan)、直縫(feng)(feng)埋(mai)弧焊(han)管(guan)等。表8-12是(shi)海洋油(you)(you)氣開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)使用(yong)鋼（管(guan)）材情況。

   目前(qian)，國內(nei)海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)鉆井平(ping)(ping)臺結(jie)構用(yong)管(guan)已(yi)經形(xing)成了系(xi)列，能夠(gou)為(wei)海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)工程提供高品(pin)質的結(jie)構用(yong)管(guan)如(ru)鋼級為(wei)X80Q、X100Q樁柱用(yong)半弦管(guan)和支撐管(guan)。表8-13是海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)平(ping)(ping)臺結(jie)構用(yong)鋼的主要鋼級。