海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)(yang)石(shi)油、天然氣開發(fa)的鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)(jing)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)可分為固定(ding)式(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)和移動式(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)兩(liang)類(lei)。固定(ding)式(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)又(you)分為導管架式(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)和混凝(ning)土重力(li)(li)式(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)，固定(ding)式(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)適(shi)用(yong)于淺海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)區(qu)域(yu)。移動式(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)有自升式(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)、半潛式(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)、張力(li)(li)腿(tui)式(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)和鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)(jing)船等(deng)。自升式(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)也適(shi)用(yong)于淺海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)區(qu)域(yu)，半潛式(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)、張力(li)(li)腿(tui)式(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)適(shi)用(yong)于深海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)，可在3000m深海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)進行(xing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)探。海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)(yang)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)(jing)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)使(shi)用(yong)的鋼(gang)材有鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)(jing)用(yong)的石(shi)油鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿、防止油井(jing)(jing)坍塌(ta)的套(tao)管和鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)(jing)液鋼(gang)管等(deng)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)本體使(shi)用(yong)的是(shi)高強度鋼(gang)板(ban)。圖8-23是(shi)典型的海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)(yang)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)(jing)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)在海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)(yang)不同水深中的示意圖，表8-11是(shi)各類(lei)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)用(yong)鋼(gang)量。

  我(wo)國在“十(shi)(shi)二五”期間(jian)，已(yi)具備(bei)1500m水深(shen)的(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)能(neng)(neng)力；“十(shi)(shi)三(san)五”期間(jian)，已(yi)具備(bei)3000m水深(shen)的(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)能(neng)(neng)力。未來(lai)深(shen)水油氣勘探開(kai)發(fa)將成(cheng)為重點(dian)發(fa)展方向。而海底(di)管(guan)(guan)線(xian)是(shi)(shi)海上油氣開(kai)發(fa)系統的(de)(de)主要(yao)組成(cheng)部分，主要(yao)包括油氣集輸(shu)管(guan)(guan)道和(he)油氣外輸(shu)管(guan)(guan)道，一般采用無縫管(guan)(guan)、高頻直(zhi)縫焊管(guan)(guan)、直(zhi)縫埋弧焊管(guan)(guan)等。表8-12是(shi)(shi)海洋油氣開(kai)發(fa)使用鋼（管(guan)(guan)）材(cai)情況。

   目(mu)前，國內海洋(yang)鉆(zhan)井平臺(tai)結構用(yong)管(guan)(guan)已經形(xing)成了(le)系列，能夠為海洋(yang)工程提供高品(pin)質的結構用(yong)管(guan)(guan)如鋼(gang)(gang)級為X80Q、X100Q樁柱用(yong)半弦(xian)管(guan)(guan)和支撐管(guan)(guan)。表8-13是海洋(yang)平臺(tai)結構用(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)的主要鋼(gang)(gang)級。