20世(shi)紀50年代,成(cheng)都無(wu)縫廠和包鋼無(wu)縫廠在建(jian)廠的(de)設計方案中,曾(ceng)分(fen)別建(jian)設一個(ge)(ge)年產5萬個(ge)(ge)和30萬個(ge)(ge)氧氣(qi)瓶的(de)生產車(che)間,成(cheng)都無(wu)縫廠的(de)氧氣(qi)瓶車(che)間建(jian)成(cheng)后,被建(jian)設單(dan)位自己(ji)留用了,包鋼無(wu)縫廠的(de)氧氣(qi)瓶車(che)間最終沒有建(jian)設。
改革開放前后,這兩個廠相繼開始生產氣瓶管,主要的牌號是DZ40(原套管鋼牌號)、40Mn2,包鋼后來自己還開發了含有稀土成分鋼號40MnNbRe等。生產規格,成都無縫為φ(102~165)mm×(7~15)m冷拔/軋管,中(180~351)mm×(7~15)m)mm熱軋管,Φ(377~467)mm×(15~30)mmm熱擴管;包鋼無縫為ф219mmx7mm熱軋管。當時生產是按照國家勞動局65規定要求與用戶簽訂的技術協議。1985年我國制定并頒布了第一個氣瓶標準《鋼質無縫氣瓶》(GB 5099-1985),在此基礎上,兩個廠分別制定了氣瓶管企業標準“Q/CG 52-1988”“10-88”。這一階段由于當時的軋機裝備水平較低(采用頂管機組、皮爾格機組和自動軋管機組),且氣瓶管的壁厚薄、軋制的變形抗力較高,生產難度很大。如軋管機軋卡、壁厚超差、內外表面缺陷等,使產品的合格率、成材率低(成材率僅50%左右),產量也低。
90年代初天津鋼管公司引進的Φ250限動芯棒連軋管機組的投產后,也開始了氣瓶管的開發和生產,由于連軋管機的工藝特點,使其在壁厚精度、表面質量、生產效率、成材率等方面遠高于其他機組,尤其是適于生產徑壁比較大的鋼管,所以其在氣瓶管的生產上具有較強的競爭優勢。盡管如此,連軋機組在初期開發氣瓶管時,仍遇到許多難題,如因不均勻變形而產生的拉裂、凹坑,壁厚超差,內表面因鐵耳子產生的劃傷和壓痕等,產品的合格率、成材率也較低(成材率僅75~80%)。這一時期氣瓶管的主要牌號為37Mn、34Mn2V,后來又發展了鉻鉬鋼如30CrMo、35CrMo、30CrMnSi等;規格主要有φ219mm×6.5mm、φ232mm×7.0mm、φ267mm×7.0mm等。90年代后期,為了提高氣瓶容重比,氣瓶管的壁厚進一步減薄為φ219mm×6.3mm、φ232mm×6.3mm、ф267mm×6.6mm,以及開發了φ229mm×7.5mm,φ273mm×7.5mm、8.0mm,φ279.4mm×7.5mm、7.8mm等規格。1998年我國制定并頒布了《汽車用壓縮天然氣鋼瓶》(GB 17258-1998)標準,這一標準發布為我國CNG氣瓶管的開發以及后來的纏繞氣瓶開發提供了依據。
2000年(nian)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)制(zhi)(zhi)定并頒布了(le)(le)(le)(le)第一(yi)個氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)標準《氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)用(yong)(yong)無縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)》(GB 18248-2000)。進(jin)入20世紀以來(lai),我國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)民經(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)速發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)呈現出(chu)快(kuai)速增(zeng)長(chang)。這一(yi)時(shi)期鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)行業(ye)(ye)一(yi)批企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)建(jian)設了(le)(le)(le)(le)現代(dai)化的(de)(de)(de)連(lian)軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu),如(ru)包鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)φ180連(lian)軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)、衡(heng)陽(yang)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)Φ340連(lian)軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)、成都無縫(feng)(feng)Φ340連(lian)軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)、天津鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)Φ460連(lian)軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)等,這些機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設投產(chan)(chan)(chan)使(shi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)力(li)和(he)(he)(he)整體質量(liang)水平大幅度提升(sheng)。從2000至2008年(nian)是我國(guo)(guo)(guo)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)行業(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)最快(kuai)、發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)最好的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)期,不僅產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)快(kuai)速增(zeng)長(chang),品種發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)也取得了(le)(le)(le)(le)大的(de)(de)(de)突破(po)如(ru)纏繞(rao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)、拖車(che)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)等。這些產(chan)(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)推出(chu)也給鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)提出(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)挑戰。從2001年(nian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)第一(yi)只大容積(ji)無縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)瓶(ping)(ping)試(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)成功到(dao)2008年(nian),國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)大口徑(jing)(jing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)主要依賴進(jin)口,國(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai)制(zhi)(zhi)造廠商主要為(wei)意(yi)大利Dalmine工廠和(he)(he)(he)美(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)聯(lian)合鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵公司(si)。為(wei)了(le)(le)(le)(le)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)大口徑(jing)(jing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),2007年(nian)天津鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、衡(heng)陽(yang)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)分(fen)別建(jian)設了(le)(le)(le)(le)φ720mm斜軋擴(kuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)和(he)(he)(he)Φ720mm周期式(shi)軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu),開(kai)發(fa)(fa)出(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)Φ559mm、φ610mm大口徑(jing)(jing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),2010年(nian)又開(kai)出(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)ф711mm大直徑(jing)(jing)拖車(che)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)用(yong)(yong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),近年(nian)來(lai)無錫德新鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)采用(yong)(yong)擴(kuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)+冷拔的(de)(de)(de)工藝(yi)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)上述規格的(de)(de)(de)大口徑(jing)(jing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),還(huan)(huan)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)了(le)(le)(le)(le)更大口徑(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)φ850mm氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。據不完全統計,至2016年(nian),使(shi)用(yong)(yong)大直徑(jing)(jing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)長(chang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)拖車(che)的(de)(de)(de)數量(liang)已(yi)經(jing)突破(po)一(yi)萬輛,其中90%的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)拖車(che)用(yong)(yong)于運輸壓縮(suo)天然(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),其余(yu)的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)拖車(che)用(yong)(yong)于運輸高壓氫氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)(he)氦氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。經(jing)過鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)制(zhi)(zhi)造廠和(he)(he)(he)能(neng)源裝備企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)多年(nian)努力(li)和(he)(he)(he)不斷(duan)創新,大口徑(jing)(jing)拖車(che)用(yong)(yong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)直徑(jing)(jing)從初期φ559mm發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)到(dao)如(ru)今普遍使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)φ711mm,壁厚公差(cha)也由27.5%提高到(dao)15%,產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)和(he)(he)(he)質量(liang)均(jun)處(chu)于世界領先地位,不僅滿足了(le)(le)(le)(le)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)大容積(ji)無縫(feng)(feng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu),還(huan)(huan)實現了(le)(le)(le)(le)向歐美(mei)發(fa)(fa)達國(guo)(guo)(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)出(chu)口。
目(mu)前(qian)我國(guo)氣瓶、蓄能器用管主要生產企(qi)業有天津(jin)鋼(gang)(gang)管、衡陽鋼(gang)(gang)管、包鋼(gang)(gang)鋼(gang)(gang)管、寶鋼(gang)(gang)條鋼(gang)(gang)事業部(bu)、鞍鋼(gang)(gang)無縫(feng)、江(jiang)蘇(su)振達鋼(gang)(gang)管、江(jiang)蘇(su)誠德鋼(gang)(gang)管及(ji)無錫德新鋼(gang)(gang)管等企(qi)業。

