1. 標準的演變歷史(shi)和意(yi)義
GB/T 9948的歷次版本為(wei)(wei)：《石油(you)裂化(hua)用(yong)鋼管(guan)》（YB 237-1963、YB237-1970），主編(bian)單位為(wei)(wei)鞍(an)鋼；《石油(you)裂化(hua)用(yong)無縫鋼管(guan)》（GB 9948-1988），主編(bian)單位為(wei)(wei)鞍(an)鋼、（GB 9948-2006），主編(bian)單位為(wei)(wei)鞍(an)鋼、（GB 9948-2013），主編(bian)單位為(wei)(wei)攀成(cheng)鋼、（GB/T 9948-2013，強標轉推標）。
石(shi)化工業(ye)(ye)是國(guo)民經濟(ji)建設中(zhong)重要的基礎工業(ye)(ye)之(zhi)一。隨著(zhu)我國經濟的(de)(de)發(fa)展，石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)技術正朝著(zhu)油(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)一體化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、深(shen)度(du)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)以及生產過程清潔(jie)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)效(xiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方向發(fa)展。無縫鋼管(guan)(guan)是(shi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠建設(she)、設(she)備(bei)制造和(he)運營(ying)維護(hu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)主要原材料。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)無縫鋼管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)主要工(gong)(gong)(gong)況特點是(shi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)溫（或(huo)低溫）、高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)壓和(he)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)腐蝕性，接觸介(jie)質往(wang)往(wang)是(shi)有毒、有害、易燃和(he)易爆等危險品(pin)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)無縫鋼管(guan)(guan)中(zhong)尤(you)其(qi)以石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠的(de)(de)爐管(guan)(guan)、熱交換器管(guan)(guan)和(he)輸送管(guan)(guan)道(dao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)最(zui)大(da)。隨著(zhu)我國石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)原油(you)(you)結(jie)(jie)構的(de)(de)變化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)（原油(you)(you)中(zhong)平均(jun)硫(liu)含量(liang)從目前的(de)(de)1.0％左右上(shang)升到(dao)2.0％以上(shang)），以及石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)不(bu)(bu)斷朝著(zhu)大(da)型(xing)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)展，煉化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)新工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝、新裝(zhuang)(zhuang)備(bei)不(bu)(bu)斷采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，對無縫鋼管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)品(pin)種和(he)質量(liang)均(jun)提出(chu)了更高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)要求。同時，國內無縫鋼管(guan)(guan)制造企業(ye)的(de)(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)備(bei)水平和(he)產品(pin)質量(liang)也不(bu)(bu)斷提高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)，在大(da)型(xing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)管(guan)(guan)品(pin)種開發(fa)方面也取(qu)得(de)明顯突破。歷次版本(ben)標準，緊密結(jie)(jie)合了行(xing)(xing)業(ye)發(fa)展特點，支撐了我國石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)發(fa)展。
2. 主要(yao)技術內容
本標準涉及優質碳素結構鋼2個牌號、合金結構鋼7個牌號、不銹鋼4個牌號，這些牌號基本涵蓋了目前石油煉化使用的材料。2013年版標準和2006年版相比，主要技術變化有：增加了最小壁厚交貨方式；加嚴了尺寸允許偏差；增加了12CrlMo、12Cr2Mo、12Cr1MoV、12Cr9Mo-1、12Cr9Mo-NT、07Cr19Ni11Ti、022Cr17Ni12Mo2等7個鋼牌號；修改了管坯的制造方法；修改了鋼管的熱處理制度；增加了晶間腐蝕要求；修改了無損檢測要求；增加了高優質碳素結構鋼鋼管用于含H2S環境的補充技術要求。
3. 國內外(wai)標準對比及(ji)標準水平
國(guo)外(wai)相關標(biao)準(zhun)有(you)《高溫(wen)用(yong)鐵素(su)體(ti)合金鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)無縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)規范》（ASTMA335／A335M）、《鍋爐(lu)、過熱(re)(re)器和(he)換熱(re)(re)器用(yong)鐵素(su)體(ti)和(he)奧(ao)氏體(ti)合金鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)無縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)規范》（ASTM A213/A213M）和(he)《壓力(li)用(yong)途的無縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)交貨技術條(tiao)件第(di)2部分：規定高溫(wen)性(xing)能的非合金鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)和(he)合金鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)》（EN 10216-2）等。綜合對比國(guo)內外(wai)標(biao)準(zhun)，GB/T 9948在鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)的化學(xue)(xue)成分、鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)的力(li)學(xue)(xue)性(xing)能、鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)的檢驗項目及指(zhi)標(biao)要求等方(fang)面均與國(guo)際標(biao)準(zhun)和(he)國(guo)外(wai)先進標(biao)準(zhun)相當。《石油裂(lie)化用(yong)無縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)》GB／T 9948的標(biao)準(zhun)水(shui)平為國(guo)際先進水(shui)平。
