連續軋管機是在毛管內穿入長芯棒后，經過多機架順序布置且相鄰機架輥縫互錯（二輥式輥縫互錯90°如圖4-1所示，三輥式輥縫互錯60°)的連軋機軋成不銹鋼管，它是當今最為廣泛使用的縱軋不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)管方法。在連續軋管機軋制過程中，軋件變形實際上是受多組（4~8組）軋輥與芯棒的反復作用從圓到橢圓···橢圓再到圓的過程。

  連續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)機的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)歷史悠(you)久(jiu)，早在19世紀末(mo)就曾嘗試(shi)在長(chang)芯棒上(shang)進行軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)，但由(you)于(yu)種(zhong)種(zhong)原因，至(zhi)1950年(nian)(nian)世界上(shang)也僅有6臺連續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)機。1960年(nian)(nian)后，隨著科學技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)進步和(he)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，特(te)別是電(dian)子計算機技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)飛速(su)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)和(he)應用，使(shi)連續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)機在生(sheng)產(chan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝和(he)設備上(shang)日(ri)趨完善，得(de)到了(le)(le)迅速(su)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)和(he)推廣。在浮動芯棒連續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)機的(de)(de)基礎上(shang)，限(xian)動芯棒連續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)機于(yu)20世紀60年(nian)(nian)代中期進行了(le)(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝試(shi)驗，獲得(de)了(le)(le)可(ke)喜(xi)的(de)(de)成(cheng)果。1978年(nian)(nian)世界上(shang)第一套限(xian)動芯棒連續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)機（MPM)在意大利達爾明鋼管(guan)廠建成(cheng)投產(chan)，連續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)到了(le)(le)一個新(xin)的(de)(de)水(shui)準。20世紀90年(nian)(nian)代末(mo)又推出了(le)(le)三輥(gun)連續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)機（PQF)技(ji)術(shu)，使(shi)連續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝裝備躍上(shang)了(le)(le)更高的(de)(de)臺階(jie)。

  連(lian)續(xu)(xu)(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)在(zai)PQF出現以前(qian)，都(dou)是(shi)兩(liang)輥式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)，即(ji)由(you)兩(liang)個軋(ya)(ya)(ya)輥為一組組成孔(kong)型(xing)，二(er)輥式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)架既有(you)與(yu)地面呈(cheng)45°交錯布(bu)置的(de)(de)，也(ye)有(you)與(yu)地面垂直、水平(ping)交錯布(bu)置的(de)(de)。PQF為三(san)輥式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)，即(ji)由(you)三(san)個軋(ya)(ya)(ya)輥為一組組成孔(kong)型(xing)，如圖(tu)4-2所示(shi)。連(lian)續(xu)(xu)(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)時(shi)，孔(kong)型(xing)頂部(bu)的(de)(de)金(jin)屬由(you)于受到軋(ya)(ya)(ya)輥外壓(ya)力和(he)芯(xin)(xin)棒內壓(ya)力作用而(er)產生軸(zhou)向(xiang)(xiang)延(yan)伸，并(bing)向(xiang)(xiang)圓周(zhou)橫向(xiang)(xiang)寬展，而(er)孔(kong)型(xing)側(ce)壁部(bu)分的(de)(de)金(jin)屬與(yu)芯(xin)(xin)棒不接觸，但(dan)它被(bei)頂部(bu)軸(zhou)向(xiang)(xiang)延(yan)伸的(de)(de)金(jin)屬對它附加的(de)(de)拉應力作用而(er)產生軸(zhou)向(xiang)(xiang)延(yan)伸，并(bing)同時(shi)產生軸(zhou)向(xiang)(xiang)拉縮。不論兩(liang)輥式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)還是(shi)三(san)輥式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)連(lian)續(xu)(xu)(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)，按芯(xin)(xin)棒的(de)(de)運行方式(shi)(shi)可分為浮動芯(xin)(xin)棒連(lian)續(xu)(xu)(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)、半浮動芯(xin)(xin)棒連(lian)續(xu)(xu)(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)和(he)限動芯(xin)(xin)棒連(lian)續(xu)(xu)(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)三(san)種(zhong)形式(shi)(shi)。

  為了完成將連續軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)機軋出的荒管(guan)(guan)(guan)與芯(xin)棒脫開(kai)分離的工藝目(mu)的，便于荒管(guan)(guan)(guan)在后道工序進一(yi)步(bu)加工成品不銹鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)，一(yi)般采(cai)用以下兩種方法(fa)。

1. 脫棒機

  軋(ya)制結束后荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)／芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)被一起移出(chu)(chu)軋(ya)制線，荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)受軸向約束不動(dong)，用裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)將芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)從荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)中(zhong)抽(chou)出(chu)(chu)。我們將這種荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)不動(dong)，芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)設備稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機(ji)(ji)。當帶芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)進入脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后，脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)卡緊裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)就鉤住芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)尾(wei)柄(bing)，而液壓開閉(bi)的(de)(de)(de)卡板擋(dang)(dang)住荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)，脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)從荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)中(zhong)抽(chou)出(chu)(chu)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)轉過(guo)半圈完成一次脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)動(dong)作，鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)所走過(guo)的(de)(de)(de)距(ju)離約為(wei)(wei)(wei)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)長度(du)的(de)(de)(de)1.1倍。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)最大速度(du)大于4.5m/s,到(dao)達(da)終位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)誤差為(wei)(wei)(wei)±50mm.脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)經(jing)輸送(song)(song)輥道送(song)(song)到(dao)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)定位(wei)升降擋(dang)(dang)板前，然后由芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)移送(song)(song)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)把芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)送(song)(song)人(ren)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)冷卻槽(cao)，循環使用。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機(ji)(ji)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與連(lian)續軋(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)平行。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機(ji)(ji)有(you)兩(liang)列脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)，這兩(liang)列脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)用橫(heng)梁(liang)連(lian)接起來(lai)(lai)，兩(liang)列脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)間共有(you)兩(liang)個(ge)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)橫(heng)梁(liang)及多個(ge)承(cheng)載橫(heng)梁(liang)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)橫(heng)梁(liang)用來(lai)(lai)從荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)中(zhong)抽(chou)出(chu)(chu)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)，而承(cheng)載橫(heng)梁(liang)用來(lai)(lai)在(zai)(zai)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)過(guo)程中(zhong)支撐芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)。在(zai)(zai)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)橫(heng)梁(liang)上(shang)用螺栓緊固與軋(ya)件尺寸(cun)相關的(de)(de)(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)卡緊裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，當更(geng)換軋(ya)制芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)時，需要更(geng)換脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)卡緊裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

2. 脫管機

  軋(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)結(jie)束后(hou)，芯(xin)棒(bang)停(ting)止(zhi)運動(dong)，荒管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)線被脫(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)裝置(zhi)將(jiang)其從(cong)(cong)芯(xin)棒(bang)中(zhong)脫(tuo)出(chu)，我們將(jiang)這(zhe)種(zhong)芯(xin)棒(bang)不(bu)動(dong)，荒管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)備稱為脫(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。脫(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)既(ji)有(you)兩(liang)輥(gun)(gun)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，也有(you)三輥(gun)(gun)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。脫(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)置(zhi)有(you)兩(liang)個重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工藝(yi)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)：（1)將(jiang)荒管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)從(cong)(cong)芯(xin)棒(bang)上脫(tuo)出(chu)，完(wan)成脫(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，在(zai)(zai)軋(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)線上脫(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，省(sheng)去了(le)(le)(le)脫(tuo)棒(bang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，縮短了(le)(le)(le)工藝(yi)流程，提高了(le)(le)(le)終軋(ya)溫度；（2)起定徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)作用(yong)，也就是說在(zai)(zai)每一支鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)生產(chan)中(zhong)，該機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也有(you)延(yan)伸和(he)(he)(he)定徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)作用(yong)。在(zai)(zai)早期設(she)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限動(dong)芯(xin)棒(bang)連(lian)續軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)中(zhong)就嘗(chang)試(shi)過(guo)不(bu)單(dan)獨(du)設(she)置(zhi)脫(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)（如(ru)(ru)1985年建造的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日本NKK京(jing)濱廠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)ф250mm機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)和(he)(he)(he)1990年建造的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)俄(e)羅斯伏爾加(jia)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)廠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)Φ426mm機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)），而是將(jiang)MPM軋(ya)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)荒管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)直(zhi)接送(song)(song)人緊隨其后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)10機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)架二輥(gun)(gun)式(shi)(shi)脫(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)／定徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)定徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)（1997年日本住友和(he)(he)(he)歌(ge)山ф426mm MPM 機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)脫(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)／定徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)則是送(song)(song)入(ru)其后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)12架三輥(gun)(gun)式(shi)(shi)（FQS)),使(shi)(shi)脫(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)(he)定徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)在(zai)(zai)一個工序內(nei)完(wan)成；荒管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)連(lian)續軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)軋(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時，被脫(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)／定徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)從(cong)(cong)芯(xin)棒(bang)上脫(tuo)出(chu)并完(wan)成定徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)任務，實現MPM與定徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)軋(ya)。但由于(yu)荒管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規格和(he)(he)(he)材質種(zhong)類較(jiao)多(duo)，給成品管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)控制(zhi)(zhi)帶(dai)來困難，很難保(bao)證鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)精(jing)度，因此在(zai)(zai)以后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)中(zhong)沒有(you)再使(shi)(shi)用(yong)這(zhe)種(zhong)工藝(yi)布置(zhi)。為生產(chan)薄壁(bi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)(he)中(zhong)厚壁(bi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，每架脫(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)型(xing)(xing)名(ming)義直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)必須小于(yu)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)芯(xin)棒(bang)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。在(zai)(zai)生產(chan)薄壁(bi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)時，脫(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)減徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)量要(yao)相應加(jia)大(da)，否則薄壁(bi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)不(bu)易(yi)被脫(tuo)出(chu)。每架脫(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上都(dou)裝有(you)安全白(bai)，以防止(zhi)芯(xin)棒(bang)進入(ru)脫(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時損傷(shang)軋(ya)輥(gun)(gun)及(ji)相關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械部分。在(zai)(zai)事故情(qing)況(kuang)下，假(jia)如(ru)(ru)當(dang)帶(dai)芯(xin)棒(bang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)荒管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)進入(ru)脫(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)孔(kong)型(xing)(xing)時，若脫(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)軋(ya)輥(gun)(gun)承受的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)向載荷大(da)于(yu)預設(she)值，則軋(ya)輥(gun)(gun)孔(kong)型(xing)(xing)會相應張開，防止(zhi)芯(xin)棒(bang)頂壞軋(ya)輥(gun)(gun)及(ji)設(she)備。

3. 空減(jian)機的配置(zhi)

  空減機是空心坯(pi)減徑(jing)(jing)(jing)機的(de)簡稱，一套連續(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機為使其產品外徑(jing)(jing)(jing)規格范(fan)圍(wei)盡可(ke)能地大，設計時(shi)一般選(xuan)(xuan)用2~5個孔型(xing)，軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機后配備張減機的(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇孔型(xing)數較少，軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機后配備定(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)機的(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇孔型(xing)數較多。由(you)于孔型(xing)尺(chi)寸的(de)變化相應地軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機入(ru)口(kou)的(de)毛(mao)管(guan)(guan)外徑(jing)(jing)(jing)也要(yao)隨著發生變化，為適(shi)應軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機入(ru)口(kou)毛(mao)管(guan)(guan)外徑(jing)(jing)(jing)變化，通常有(you)兩種方(fang)法：

  a. 選(xuan)用(yong)幾(ji)種外徑的管(guan)坯，針對不(bu)同的孔(kong)型選(xuan)用(yong)不(bu)同規格的管(guan)坯，但(dan)每次更(geng)換孔(kong)型時需對穿孔(kong)機的受料槽(cao)、導(dao)衛(wei)裝置（導(dao)板或導(dao)盤）進行更(geng)換，這樣做一方面(mian)占用(yong)較多工作(zuo)時間；另一方面(mian)管(guan)坯料場(chang)、穿孔(kong)機工具(ju)需要場(chang)地較大；

  b. 在(zai)穿孔機(ji)與(yu)軋管(guan)機(ji)之(zhi)間(jian)布置一臺空減(jian)機(ji)，通過空減(jian)機(ji)可使用同一種(zhong)外(wai)徑尺寸的管(guan)坯(pi)來(lai)滿足(zu)軋管(guan)機(ji)不同孔型(xing)成為可能。

  浮動芯(xin)棒連續軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)組(zu)采用穿孔機(ji)與軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)之間布置(zhi)空(kong)減(jian)(jian)(jian)機(ji)的(de)方法比較經濟，這樣既(ji)可僅(jin)用一個規格(ge)的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)坯(pi)組(zu)織(zhi)生產，減(jian)(jian)(jian)少了(le)管(guan)(guan)(guan)坯(pi)庫(ku)的(de)面積和(he)穿孔機(ji)相關的(de)軋(ya)(ya)制工具數量，又可以(yi)(yi)減(jian)(jian)(jian)少換孔型的(de)時間，提高了(le)機(ji)組(zu)的(de)作業率。經空(kong)減(jian)(jian)(jian)機(ji)后的(de)毛(mao)(mao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)在運往(wang)連續軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)入口臺架前，先通(tong)過一個吹(chui)灰裝置(zhi)用壓縮空(kong)氣吹(chui)去毛(mao)(mao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)的(de)細小氧化鐵皮，以(yi)(yi)減(jian)(jian)(jian)少對芯(xin)棒的(de)磨損(sun)和(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)子內(nei)表面缺陷，同時空(kong)減(jian)(jian)(jian)機(ji)亦消除了(le)狄塞(sai)爾(er)穿孔機(ji)所造成(cheng)的(de)毛(mao)(mao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)頭尾外(wai)徑差(cha)，使軋(ya)(ya)制過程穩定。這種單獨(du)布置(zhi)的(de)空(kong)減(jian)(jian)(jian)機(ji)一般使用三輥(gun)式及3~6個機(ji)架。

  半浮動芯棒連續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)組將空減(jian)(jian)機(ji)(ji)布置(zhi)在(zai)連續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)人口側，即(ji)與連續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)串(chuan)列布置(zhi)，一(yi)般為兩輥(gun)式(shi)、2~4架；在(zai)保持了原有(you)(you)空減(jian)(jian)機(ji)(ji)優(you)點(dian)的(de)(de)同時(shi)，可(ke)縮短工藝流程，減(jian)(jian)少(shao)占地面(mian)積(ji)。這種(zhong)變化(hua)一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)是(shi)(shi)因為錐(zhui)形(xing)輥(gun)穿孔(kong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)應用使變形(xing)前移，軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)架數相應減(jian)(jian)少(shao)（減(jian)(jian)少(shao)2~3架），串(chuan)列布置(zhi)因芯棒的(de)(de)長度增加而引(yin)起(qi)的(de)(de)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制節奏(zou)變化(hua)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)很多（因軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制終了芯棒向前運(yun)動）；另一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)串(chuan)列布置(zhi)可(ke)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)毛管(guan)在(zai)縱向移動過程中內(nei)表面(mian)的(de)(de)氧化(hua)和(he)溫(wen)降，能更有(you)(you)效地確(que)保鋼管(guan)質量。

  限動芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)連續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)在(zai)(zai)最初時沒有空(kong)(kong)減(jian)機(ji)(ji)，采(cai)(cai)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)是一種規格的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)坯(pi)對(dui)應一個孔型，這主要(yao)是因為軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)時芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)與(yu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)件內(nei)(nei)表面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)相對(dui)運動比浮(fu)動的(de)(de)(de)大(da)，芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)工作條件更為惡劣，芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)更容(rong)易磨損(sun)和(he)(he)劃(hua)傷。限動芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)工藝上不允許毛管(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)進(jin)入(ru)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)前做(zuo)縱向(xiang)運動，必(bi)須有效的(de)(de)(de)防止毛管(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)(nei)表面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)二次氧化，才能(neng)(neng)確保(bao)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)質量，因此(ci)不可(ke)能(neng)(neng)像浮(fu)動芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)那樣(yang)在(zai)(zai)穿孔機(ji)(ji)與(yu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)之(zhi)間(jian)布(bu)置空(kong)(kong)減(jian)機(ji)(ji)。如(ru)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)半(ban)浮(fu)動芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)串(chuan)列布(bu)置，因芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)長度的(de)(de)(de)增加使軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)節奏更加緩慢(man)（因軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)終(zhong)了芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)向(xiang)后運動），將影響(xiang)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)產能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)揮，也是不經濟的(de)(de)(de)。近十年來，限動芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)也在(zai)(zai)不斷吸收(shou)其(qi)他機(ji)(ji)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)長處，在(zai)(zai)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)入(ru)口側串(chuan)列布(bu)置1架空(kong)(kong)減(jian)機(ji)(ji)（三(san)輥、四輥形(xing)式(shi)均有），目的(de)(de)(de)在(zai)(zai)于消除(chu)毛管(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)(nei)表面(mian)與(yu)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)間(jian)隙和(he)(he)毛管(guan)(guan)(guan)外(wai)徑的(de)(de)(de)頭尾(wei)直徑偏差，使軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)更加平穩，從而提高軋(ya)(ya)(ya)輥的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)壽命，確保(bao)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)幾何(he)尺寸(cun)精(jing)度和(he)(he)內(nei)(nei)外(wai)表面(mian)質量。

4. 吹硼砂(sha)的工(gong)藝

  限(xian)動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)(xin)棒連續軋管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)組比(bi)浮動(dong)(dong)、半浮動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)組多了(le)一個工(gong)(gong)序就是在軋管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)入口前向毛(mao)管(guan)(guan)內用氮氣噴抗(kang)氧(yang)化(hua)劑(ji)，工(gong)(gong)藝目的(de)(de)是去除內表(biao)面的(de)(de)氧(yang)化(hua)鐵(tie)皮并防止(zhi)二次氧(yang)化(hua)。抗(kang)氧(yang)化(hua)劑(ji)在高(gao)溫時(shi)呈熔(rong)融狀態(tai)可起(qi)到很(hen)好的(de)(de)潤滑作用，對抗(kang)氧(yang)化(hua)劑(ji)的(de)(de)成分、顆粒尺寸、化(hua)學穩(wen)定(ding)性、物理穩(wen)定(ding)性及吹撒的(de)(de)數量、噴吹的(de)(de)壓力(li)、時(shi)間(jian)都有嚴格的(de)(de)要(yao)求，主要(yao)是解決軋管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)延(yan)伸大(da)、軋制時(shi)芯(xin)(xin)棒與(yu)軋件間(jian)相對運動(dong)(dong)較大(da)、芯(xin)(xin)棒的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作條(tiao)件更為惡(e)劣，芯(xin)(xin)棒更容易(yi)磨損和劃傷、潤滑條(tiao)件不(bu)好時(shi)容易(yi)發生軋卡事(shi)故或(huo)軋制終了(le)時(shi)脫管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)不(bu)能將(jiang)荒管(guan)(guan)從芯(xin)(xin)棒中順利的(de)(de)抽出等問題。