連續軋管機是在毛管內穿入長芯棒后，經過多機架順序布置且相鄰機架輥縫互錯（二輥式輥縫互錯90°如圖4-1所示，三輥式輥縫互錯60°)的連軋機軋成不銹鋼管，它是當今最為廣泛使用的縱軋不(bu)銹鋼管(guan)方法。在連續軋管機軋制過程中，軋件變形實際上是受多組（4~8組）軋輥與芯棒的反復作用從圓到橢圓···橢圓再到圓的過程。
連(lian)(lian)(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)的發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)歷史(shi)悠久，早(zao)在19世(shi)紀末(mo)(mo)就(jiu)曾嘗(chang)試在長芯棒上(shang)進行軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)，但(dan)由于(yu)種(zhong)種(zhong)原因，至1950年(nian)(nian)世(shi)界上(shang)也(ye)僅有(you)6臺連(lian)(lian)(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)。1960年(nian)(nian)后，隨著科學技術的進步和(he)生產(chan)的發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，特別是電子(zi)計算機(ji)技術的飛速發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)和(he)應(ying)用，使連(lian)(lian)(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)在生產(chan)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)和(he)設(she)備(bei)上(shang)日趨完善，得(de)到了(le)(le)迅速的發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)和(he)推(tui)廣(guang)。在浮動芯棒連(lian)(lian)(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)的基礎(chu)上(shang)，限(xian)(xian)動芯棒連(lian)(lian)(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)于(yu)20世(shi)紀60年(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)中(zhong)期進行了(le)(le)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)試驗，獲得(de)了(le)(le)可喜的成果。1978年(nian)(nian)世(shi)界上(shang)第(di)一(yi)套(tao)限(xian)(xian)動芯棒連(lian)(lian)(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)（MPM)在意大利達爾(er)明(ming)鋼管(guan)廠建成投產(chan)，連(lian)(lian)(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)到了(le)(le)一(yi)個新的水準。20世(shi)紀90年(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)末(mo)(mo)又推(tui)出了(le)(le)三(san)輥連(lian)(lian)(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)（PQF)技術，使連(lian)(lian)(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)裝備(bei)躍上(shang)了(le)(le)更高的臺階。
連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)在PQF出現以(yi)前，都(dou)是(shi)兩(liang)輥(gun)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)，即由(you)兩(liang)個(ge)軋(ya)輥(gun)為(wei)一(yi)組(zu)組(zu)成(cheng)孔(kong)型，二輥(gun)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)架既有(you)與地面(mian)呈45°交錯布(bu)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，也有(you)與地面(mian)垂直、水平(ping)交錯布(bu)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。PQF為(wei)三(san)輥(gun)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)，即由(you)三(san)個(ge)軋(ya)輥(gun)為(wei)一(yi)組(zu)組(zu)成(cheng)孔(kong)型，如(ru)圖4-2所示(shi)。連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)時(shi)，孔(kong)型頂部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)屬由(you)于受到軋(ya)輥(gun)外壓(ya)力(li)和芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)內(nei)壓(ya)力(li)作(zuo)用而產(chan)生軸(zhou)向(xiang)延伸(shen)，并(bing)向(xiang)圓周橫向(xiang)寬展，而孔(kong)型側壁部(bu)(bu)分的(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)屬與芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)不接(jie)觸(chu)，但它被頂部(bu)(bu)軸(zhou)向(xiang)延伸(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)屬對它附加的(de)(de)(de)(de)拉應力(li)作(zuo)用而產(chan)生軸(zhou)向(xiang)延伸(shen)，并(bing)同(tong)時(shi)產(chan)生軸(zhou)向(xiang)拉縮(suo)。不論兩(liang)輥(gun)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)還是(shi)三(san)輥(gun)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)，按(an)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)方式可(ke)分為(wei)浮動芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)、半浮動芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)和限動芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)三(san)種(zhong)形式。
為了完成將連(lian)續軋管機(ji)軋出的荒(huang)管與芯棒脫開分離的工(gong)藝目的，便于荒(huang)管在后道工(gong)序進一步加(jia)工(gong)成品不銹鋼管，一般(ban)采用以(yi)下兩種方(fang)法。
1. 脫棒機(ji)
軋制結束(shu)后(hou)荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)／芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)被一起(qi)移(yi)出(chu)(chu)軋制線，荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)受(shou)軸(zhou)向約束(shu)不動，用(yong)(yong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)將芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)從荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)抽(chou)(chou)出(chu)(chu)。我們將這(zhe)種荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)不動，芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)動的(de)設備稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機(ji)。當(dang)(dang)帶芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)進入脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)位(wei)置(zhi)后(hou)，脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈上(shang)的(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)卡緊裝(zhuang)置(zhi)就(jiu)鉤(gou)住(zhu)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)尾(wei)柄，而液壓開閉的(de)卡板擋住(zhu)荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)，脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈從荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)抽(chou)(chou)出(chu)(chu)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈轉(zhuan)過半圈完成(cheng)一次脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)動作(zuo)，鏈所走(zou)過的(de)距離約為(wei)(wei)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)長度的(de)1.1倍(bei)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機(ji)的(de)最大(da)速度大(da)于(yu)4.5m/s,到(dao)達終位(wei)的(de)誤差(cha)為(wei)(wei)±50mm.脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)(chu)的(de)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)經輸送(song)(song)(song)輥道送(song)(song)(song)到(dao)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)定位(wei)升降擋板前，然(ran)后(hou)由芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)移(yi)送(song)(song)(song)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)把芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)送(song)(song)(song)人芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)冷卻槽，循環使用(yong)(yong)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機(ji)安(an)裝(zhuang)位(wei)置(zhi)與連續軋管(guan)機(ji)平行。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機(ji)有(you)兩(liang)列(lie)(lie)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈，這(zhe)兩(liang)列(lie)(lie)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈用(yong)(yong)橫(heng)梁(liang)連接起(qi)來(lai)，兩(liang)列(lie)(lie)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈間共有(you)兩(liang)個(ge)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)橫(heng)梁(liang)及多個(ge)承載橫(heng)梁(liang)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)橫(heng)梁(liang)用(yong)(yong)來(lai)從荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)抽(chou)(chou)出(chu)(chu)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)，而承載橫(heng)梁(liang)用(yong)(yong)來(lai)在脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)過程中(zhong)(zhong)支撐芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)。在脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)橫(heng)梁(liang)上(shang)用(yong)(yong)螺栓緊固(gu)與軋件(jian)尺(chi)寸相關的(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)卡緊裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，當(dang)(dang)更換軋制芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)時，需(xu)要更換脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)卡緊裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。
2. 脫管機(ji)
軋制結束后(hou)，芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)停止運動(dong)(dong)，荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)線(xian)被(bei)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)裝置(zhi)將(jiang)其從(cong)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)中(zhong)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)，我們(men)將(jiang)這種(zhong)(zhong)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)不(bu)動(dong)(dong)，荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)設備(bei)稱為脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)既(ji)有(you)兩輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)，也(ye)有(you)三輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)設置(zhi)有(you)兩個(ge)重要的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)藝目的(de)(de)(de)：（1)將(jiang)荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)從(cong)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)上(shang)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)，完成脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)目的(de)(de)(de)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)軋制線(xian)上(shang)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，省去了脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，縮短(duan)了工(gong)(gong)藝流程，提高了終(zhong)軋溫度(du)；（2)起定(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)作(zuo)用(yong)，也(ye)就是(shi)說(shuo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)每一(yi)支鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)中(zhong)，該機(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)有(you)延(yan)伸和(he)(he)(he)定(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)作(zuo)用(yong)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)早期設計的(de)(de)(de)限動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)連(lian)(lian)續軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)中(zhong)就嘗試(shi)過(guo)不(bu)單獨設置(zhi)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)（如1985年建造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)日(ri)本NKK京濱(bin)廠的(de)(de)(de)ф250mm機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)和(he)(he)(he)1990年建造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)俄羅斯伏(fu)爾(er)加鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)廠的(de)(de)(de)Φ426mm機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)），而是(shi)將(jiang)MPM軋出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)直(zhi)(zhi)接送(song)人緊隨其后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)10機(ji)(ji)(ji)架(jia)二(er)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)式(shi)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)／定(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)（1997年日(ri)本住友和(he)(he)(he)歌山ф426mm MPM 機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)／定(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)則是(shi)送(song)入(ru)(ru)其后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)12架(jia)三輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)式(shi)（FQS)),使脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)(he)定(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)序內完成；荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)連(lian)(lian)續軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)軋制的(de)(de)(de)同時，被(bei)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)／定(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)從(cong)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)上(shang)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)并完成定(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)任務，實現(xian)MPM與定(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)連(lian)(lian)軋。但由于荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)規格和(he)(he)(he)材質種(zhong)(zhong)類較多，給(gei)成品管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)外徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)控(kong)制帶(dai)來困難，很(hen)難保(bao)證鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)外徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)精度(du)，因此在(zai)(zai)(zai)以后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)中(zhong)沒有(you)再使用(yong)這種(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)(gong)藝布(bu)置(zhi)。為生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)薄壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)(he)中(zhong)厚壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，每架(jia)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)孔型名(ming)義直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)必須(xu)小(xiao)于軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)薄壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)時，脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)減徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)量要相(xiang)應加大，否(fou)則薄壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)不(bu)易被(bei)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)。每架(jia)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang)都裝有(you)安全白，以防止芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)進入(ru)(ru)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)時損傷軋輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)及(ji)相(xiang)關的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械部分。在(zai)(zai)(zai)事故情(qing)況(kuang)下，假如當帶(dai)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)進入(ru)(ru)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)孔型時，若脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)軋輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)承(cheng)受的(de)(de)(de)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)向載荷大于預設值，則軋輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)孔型會相(xiang)應張(zhang)開(kai)，防止芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)頂(ding)壞(huai)軋輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)及(ji)設備(bei)。
3. 空減(jian)機(ji)的配置
空(kong)減(jian)機是空(kong)心坯減(jian)徑機的簡(jian)稱(cheng)，一(yi)套連續軋管機為使(shi)其產品外(wai)徑規格范圍盡可能(neng)地大，設計時一(yi)般選用2~5個孔型(xing)，軋管機后配備張減(jian)機的選擇孔型(xing)數較少，軋管機后配備定徑機的選擇孔型(xing)數較多。由(you)于孔型(xing)尺(chi)寸的變化相應地軋管機入口的毛管外(wai)徑也要隨著發生(sheng)變化，為適應軋管機入口毛管外(wai)徑變化，通常有兩種方(fang)法：
a. 選用幾種(zhong)外徑的(de)管坯，針對不同的(de)孔(kong)型選用不同規格的(de)管坯，但(dan)每次(ci)更換孔(kong)型時需對穿孔(kong)機的(de)受料槽、導(dao)衛裝置（導(dao)板或導(dao)盤）進行更換，這樣做一(yi)方面(mian)占(zhan)用較多工(gong)作(zuo)時間；另(ling)一(yi)方面(mian)管坯料場、穿孔(kong)機工(gong)具需要(yao)場地較大；
b. 在(zai)穿孔機與軋(ya)管(guan)機之(zhi)間布(bu)置一臺空減(jian)機，通過(guo)空減(jian)機可使用同一種外徑(jing)尺(chi)寸的管(guan)坯來滿足軋(ya)管(guan)機不同孔型成(cheng)為可能。
浮動芯棒連續軋管機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)采(cai)用(yong)穿孔(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)軋管機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之間布置(zhi)空減機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法比較經濟，這(zhe)樣既可(ke)僅用(yong)一個(ge)規格的(de)(de)(de)(de)管坯組(zu)織生產，減少了(le)管坯庫(ku)的(de)(de)(de)(de)面積和穿孔(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)軋制(zhi)工具數量，又可(ke)以減少換孔(kong)型的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間，提高了(le)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作業率(lv)。經空減機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)毛管在運(yun)往連續軋管機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)入口臺(tai)架前，先通過(guo)一個(ge)吹灰(hui)裝置(zhi)用(yong)壓縮(suo)空氣吹去毛管內的(de)(de)(de)(de)細小氧化鐵皮，以減少對芯棒的(de)(de)(de)(de)磨損和管子內表面缺(que)陷，同時空減機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)亦消除(chu)了(le)狄塞爾(er)穿孔(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)所(suo)造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)毛管頭尾外徑(jing)差，使軋制(zhi)過(guo)程穩定。這(zhe)種單(dan)獨布置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空減機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)一般(ban)使用(yong)三輥式及3~6個(ge)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)架。
半浮(fu)動芯棒連續軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)組將空減機(ji)(ji)布(bu)置在(zai)連續軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)的人口側，即與連續軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)串(chuan)(chuan)列(lie)布(bu)置，一般為兩輥式、2~4架(jia)；在(zai)保持了原有(you)空減機(ji)(ji)優點的同時，可(ke)縮短工藝(yi)流程(cheng)(cheng)，減少(shao)(shao)占地(di)面積。這種變(bian)化一方(fang)面是(shi)因(yin)為錐形輥穿孔機(ji)(ji)的應用使變(bian)形前移，軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)的機(ji)(ji)架(jia)數相應減少(shao)(shao)（減少(shao)(shao)2~3架(jia)），串(chuan)(chuan)列(lie)布(bu)置因(yin)芯棒的長度增加(jia)而引(yin)起的軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)節奏變(bian)化不(bu)是(shi)很多（因(yin)軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)終了芯棒向前運(yun)動）；另一方(fang)面串(chuan)(chuan)列(lie)布(bu)置可(ke)減少(shao)(shao)毛(mao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)縱向移動過程(cheng)(cheng)中內表面的氧化和溫降，能更有(you)效(xiao)地(di)確保鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)質量。
限動(dong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)連續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組在(zai)最初(chu)時沒有(you)空減(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，采用的(de)(de)(de)是一(yi)種規格的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)坯(pi)對應一(yi)個孔型(xing)，這主要是因(yin)為(wei)(wei)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制時芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)與(yu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)件(jian)內(nei)表(biao)(biao)面的(de)(de)(de)相對運動(dong)比浮(fu)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)大，芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作條件(jian)更(geng)(geng)為(wei)(wei)惡劣，芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)更(geng)(geng)容(rong)易(yi)磨損(sun)和(he)劃(hua)傷(shang)。限動(dong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)工(gong)藝上不(bu)(bu)允(yun)許毛(mao)(mao)管(guan)在(zai)進入(ru)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)前做縱向(xiang)運動(dong)，必須有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)防止(zhi)毛(mao)(mao)管(guan)內(nei)表(biao)(biao)面的(de)(de)(de)二次氧化(hua)，才能確保鋼管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)質量，因(yin)此不(bu)(bu)可能像浮(fu)動(dong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)那樣在(zai)穿孔機(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)間(jian)布(bu)置(zhi)空減(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。如采用半浮(fu)動(dong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)串(chuan)(chuan)列布(bu)置(zhi)，因(yin)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)長度的(de)(de)(de)增加使軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制節(jie)奏更(geng)(geng)加緩慢（因(yin)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制終了(le)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)向(xiang)后運動(dong)），將影響機(ji)(ji)(ji)組的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)能的(de)(de)(de)發揮(hui)，也(ye)是不(bu)(bu)經(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)。近十年(nian)來，限動(dong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組也(ye)在(zai)不(bu)(bu)斷吸收其(qi)他(ta)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組的(de)(de)(de)長處，在(zai)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)入(ru)口側串(chuan)(chuan)列布(bu)置(zhi)1架空減(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)（三輥、四輥形式均有(you)），目的(de)(de)(de)在(zai)于消除毛(mao)(mao)管(guan)內(nei)表(biao)(biao)面與(yu)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)間(jian)隙(xi)和(he)毛(mao)(mao)管(guan)外(wai)徑的(de)(de)(de)頭(tou)尾直(zhi)徑偏差，使軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制更(geng)(geng)加平穩，從而提高軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輥的(de)(de)(de)使用壽命，確保鋼管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)幾(ji)何(he)尺(chi)寸精度和(he)內(nei)外(wai)表(biao)(biao)面質量。
4. 吹硼(peng)砂的工藝(yi)
限動芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)連續軋(ya)(ya)管機(ji)組比浮(fu)(fu)動、半(ban)浮(fu)(fu)動機(ji)組多了(le)(le)一個工(gong)(gong)序(xu)就(jiu)是在軋(ya)(ya)管機(ji)入(ru)口前向(xiang)毛管內用氮氣噴抗(kang)氧(yang)化(hua)劑，工(gong)(gong)藝目的(de)(de)(de)是去除內表面的(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)化(hua)鐵皮并防止(zhi)二次氧(yang)化(hua)。抗(kang)氧(yang)化(hua)劑在高溫時(shi)(shi)呈熔融(rong)狀態可起到很好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)潤(run)滑作用，對抗(kang)氧(yang)化(hua)劑的(de)(de)(de)成分、顆粒尺(chi)寸、化(hua)學穩定性、物理穩定性及(ji)吹撒的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)量、噴吹的(de)(de)(de)壓力(li)、時(shi)(shi)間(jian)都(dou)有嚴(yan)格的(de)(de)(de)要求，主要是解決軋(ya)(ya)管機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)延伸(shen)大、軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)時(shi)(shi)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)與軋(ya)(ya)件間(jian)相對運動較大、芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作條件更為惡劣，芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)更容(rong)易(yi)磨(mo)損和(he)劃傷、潤(run)滑條件不好(hao)時(shi)(shi)容(rong)易(yi)發生(sheng)軋(ya)(ya)卡事故或軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)終了(le)(le)時(shi)(shi)脫(tuo)管機(ji)不能將荒管從芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)中順利的(de)(de)(de)抽出等問題(ti)。
